Esta dissertação tem como fio condutor a seguinte pergunta: o que acontece quando as crianças estão entre elas? Elaboro minhas respostas a partir da análise de cinco filmes escolhidos dentre a filmografia dos diferentes módulos da disciplina Cinema e Infância, do PPGEDU, da linha de pesquisa Estudos sobre Infâncias, da FACEDUFRGS. Os filmes são: Meninos de Tóquio (1932); A Guerra dos Botões (1962); O Senhor das Moscas (1963); Os Meninos da Rua Paulo (1969) e Canto dos Pardais (2008). O trabalho busca identificar e compreender o que acontece quando as crianças-personagens dos cinco filmes estão entre elas, analisando estas interações à luz da Sociologia da Infância, explorando alguns de seus principais conceitos – criança, infância, culturas infantis, cultura de pares, reprodução interpretativa. Utilizo como aporte teórico principal SARMENTO (2003, 2005, 2009), CORSARO (2009, 2011), PROUT (2010), QVORTRUP (2010), DELGADO (2006) e BARTHES (1990). As crianças produzem culturas através das relações que estabelecem entre elas e com os outros, sendo significadas como atores sociais e sujeitos ativos no processo de sua socialização. Considerando, portanto, as crianças como seres que estão, sim, em desenvolvimento, mas que protagonizam sua história e agem na sociedade em que estão inseridas, é que olho para as crianças-personagens dos filmes, que são protagonistas do meu trabalho. As análises foram realizadas a partir de três variáveis insistentes em cada filme, e é a partir delas que as cenas foram selecionadas: as crianças, quando estão entre elas: 1) mobilizam-se, engajam-se; 2) entram em conflito; 3) organizam-se para alcançarem seus objetivos. As interações entre as crianças-personagens dos filmes geraram dados riquíssimos para análise, que não se esgotam nas variáveis e nos trechos selecionados. / The present thesis has the following guideline question: what does it happen when children are among themselves? I elaborate these answers through my own analysis of five films, namely, I Was Born, But… (1932), War of the Buttons (1962), Lord of the Flies (1963), The Boys of Paul Street (1969) and The Song of Sparrows (2008). The films were chosen among other titles of the filmography of the discipline Cinema and Childhood offered by the Graduate Program in Education. The investigation aims to analyze the children-characters’ interaction with themselves in the five films. The analysis was done exploring Sociology of Childhood and its main concepts: child, childhood, children’s cultures, peer cultures and interpretative reproduction. As a theoretical referential I base my reasoning in SARMENTO (2003, 2005, 2009), CORSARO (2009, 2011), PROUT (2010), QVORTRUP (2010), DELGADO (2006) e BARTHES (1990). By means of the relationships established with themselves and with others, children produce cultures and are signified as social actors and active subjects in the process of their socialization. Therefore, children are not only beings in development but also protagonists of their own history acting in the society they are inserted. It is in this manner that I look to the children-characters of the films, which are also the protagonists of my work. I have established three variables that are insistently common to each of the films: 1) children mobilizing or engaging themselves; 2) children conflicting with themselves; 3) children organizing themselves in order to achieving their goals. In the search for a dialogue with Sociology of Childhood, I have selected scenes from the films that were analyzed, taking the variables as starting points. The children-characters have generated plentiful data for analysis that is limited to the variables nor to the selected scenes.

Esta dissertação tem como fio condutor a seguinte pergunta: o que acontece quando as crianças estão entre elas? Elaboro minhas respostas a partir da análise de cinco filmes escolhidos dentre a filmografia dos diferentes módulos da disciplina Cinema e Infância, do PPGEDU, da linha de pesquisa Estudos sobre Infâncias, da FACEDUFRGS. Os filmes são: Meninos de Tóquio (1932); A Guerra dos Botões (1962); O Senhor das Moscas (1963); Os Meninos da Rua Paulo (1969) e Canto dos Pardais (2008). O trabalho busca identificar e compreender o que acontece quando as crianças-personagens dos cinco filmes estão entre elas, analisando estas interações à luz da Sociologia da Infância, explorando alguns de seus principais conceitos – criança, infância, culturas infantis, cultura de pares, reprodução interpretativa. Utilizo como aporte teórico principal SARMENTO (2003, 2005, 2009), CORSARO (2009, 2011), PROUT (2010), QVORTRUP (2010), DELGADO (2006) e BARTHES (1990). As crianças produzem culturas através das relações que estabelecem entre elas e com os outros, sendo significadas como atores sociais e sujeitos ativos no processo de sua socialização. Considerando, portanto, as crianças como seres que estão, sim, em desenvolvimento, mas que protagonizam sua história e agem na sociedade em que estão inseridas, é que olho para as crianças-personagens dos filmes, que são protagonistas do meu trabalho. As análises foram realizadas a partir de três variáveis insistentes em cada filme, e é a partir delas que as cenas foram selecionadas: as crianças, quando estão entre elas: 1) mobilizam-se, engajam-se; 2) entram em conflito; 3) organizam-se para alcançarem seus objetivos. As interações entre as crianças-personagens dos filmes geraram dados riquíssimos para análise, que não se esgotam nas variáveis e nos trechos selecionados. / The present thesis has the following guideline question: what does it happen when children are among themselves? I elaborate these answers through my own analysis of five films, namely, I Was Born, But… (1932), War of the Buttons (1962), Lord of the Flies (1963), The Boys of Paul Street (1969) and The Song of Sparrows (2008). The films were chosen among other titles of the filmography of the discipline Cinema and Childhood offered by the Graduate Program in Education. The investigation aims to analyze the children-characters’ interaction with themselves in the five films. The analysis was done exploring Sociology of Childhood and its main concepts: child, childhood, children’s cultures, peer cultures and interpretative reproduction. As a theoretical referential I base my reasoning in SARMENTO (2003, 2005, 2009), CORSARO (2009, 2011), PROUT (2010), QVORTRUP (2010), DELGADO (2006) e BARTHES (1990). By means of the relationships established with themselves and with others, children produce cultures and are signified as social actors and active subjects in the process of their socialization. Therefore, children are not only beings in development but also protagonists of their own history acting in the society they are inserted. It is in this manner that I look to the children-characters of the films, which are also the protagonists of my work. I have established three variables that are insistently common to each of the films: 1) children mobilizing or engaging themselves; 2) children conflicting with themselves; 3) children organizing themselves in order to achieving their goals. In the search for a dialogue with Sociology of Childhood, I have selected scenes from the films that were analyzed, taking the variables as starting points. The children-characters have generated plentiful data for analysis that is limited to the variables nor to the selected scenes.

Esta dissertação tem como fio condutor a seguinte pergunta: o que acontece quando as crianças estão entre elas? Elaboro minhas respostas a partir da análise de cinco filmes escolhidos dentre a filmografia dos diferentes módulos da disciplina Cinema e Infância, do PPGEDU, da linha de pesquisa Estudos sobre Infâncias, da FACEDUFRGS. Os filmes são: Meninos de Tóquio (1932); A Guerra dos Botões (1962); O Senhor das Moscas (1963); Os Meninos da Rua Paulo (1969) e Canto dos Pardais (2008). O trabalho busca identificar e compreender o que acontece quando as crianças-personagens dos cinco filmes estão entre elas, analisando estas interações à luz da Sociologia da Infância, explorando alguns de seus principais conceitos – criança, infância, culturas infantis, cultura de pares, reprodução interpretativa. Utilizo como aporte teórico principal SARMENTO (2003, 2005, 2009), CORSARO (2009, 2011), PROUT (2010), QVORTRUP (2010), DELGADO (2006) e BARTHES (1990). As crianças produzem culturas através das relações que estabelecem entre elas e com os outros, sendo significadas como atores sociais e sujeitos ativos no processo de sua socialização. Considerando, portanto, as crianças como seres que estão, sim, em desenvolvimento, mas que protagonizam sua história e agem na sociedade em que estão inseridas, é que olho para as crianças-personagens dos filmes, que são protagonistas do meu trabalho. As análises foram realizadas a partir de três variáveis insistentes em cada filme, e é a partir delas que as cenas foram selecionadas: as crianças, quando estão entre elas: 1) mobilizam-se, engajam-se; 2) entram em conflito; 3) organizam-se para alcançarem seus objetivos. As interações entre as crianças-personagens dos filmes geraram dados riquíssimos para análise, que não se esgotam nas variáveis e nos trechos selecionados. / The present thesis has the following guideline question: what does it happen when children are among themselves? I elaborate these answers through my own analysis of five films, namely, I Was Born, But… (1932), War of the Buttons (1962), Lord of the Flies (1963), The Boys of Paul Street (1969) and The Song of Sparrows (2008). The films were chosen among other titles of the filmography of the discipline Cinema and Childhood offered by the Graduate Program in Education. The investigation aims to analyze the children-characters’ interaction with themselves in the five films. The analysis was done exploring Sociology of Childhood and its main concepts: child, childhood, children’s cultures, peer cultures and interpretative reproduction. As a theoretical referential I base my reasoning in SARMENTO (2003, 2005, 2009), CORSARO (2009, 2011), PROUT (2010), QVORTRUP (2010), DELGADO (2006) e BARTHES (1990). By means of the relationships established with themselves and with others, children produce cultures and are signified as social actors and active subjects in the process of their socialization. Therefore, children are not only beings in development but also protagonists of their own history acting in the society they are inserted. It is in this manner that I look to the children-characters of the films, which are also the protagonists of my work. I have established three variables that are insistently common to each of the films: 1) children mobilizing or engaging themselves; 2) children conflicting with themselves; 3) children organizing themselves in order to achieving their goals. In the search for a dialogue with Sociology of Childhood, I have selected scenes from the films that were analyzed, taking the variables as starting points. The children-characters have generated plentiful data for analysis that is limited to the variables nor to the selected scenes.

Cette thèse propose une étude des cultures enfantines et des rapports intergénérationnels à partir de l’alimentation. Les pratiques alimentaires des enfants, leurs représentations ainsi que celles de leurs parents à leur égard sont envisagées comme un observatoire des relations entre enfants ainsi qu’entre les adultes et les plus jeunes. A partir d’une méthodologie qualitative, il s’agit de donner toute leur place aux discours des enfants (âgés de 4 à 12 ans) et de leurs parents, pour interroger la dynamique des rapports intra et intergénérationnels. Au carrefour de la sociologie de l’enfance et de l’alimentation, ce travail s’attache à analyser la construction des cultures enfantines et des appartenances à différents groupes d’âges ainsi qu’à observer les effets des normes sociales et des modèles éducatifs qui régulent les consommations enfantines. Les rapports de genre, les origines sociales et les lieux d’habitation sont autant de facteurs qui influencent ces logiques. De façon transversale, cette recherche est l’occasion d’interroger la place de l’enfant dans les sociétés contemporaines occidentales. / This PhD proposes to study children’s cultures and intergenerational relationships by observing foodconsumption. Children’s practices with food, their representations as well as those of their parents on their consumption of food are considered as an observatory of relationships between children and between adults and younger. Developing a qualitative methodology, it is given its rightful place to the children discourses (aged 4 to 12 years) and those of their parents to explore the dynamics of intra and intergenerational relationships. At the intersection of sociology of childhood and food, this work focuses on analyzing the construction of children’s cultures and of belongings to different age groups. It also questions the effects of social norms and educational patterns regulating children consumption of food. Gender relations, social origins and spaces of residence are important factors that influence these logics. Transversely, this research is an opportunity to examine the social place of the child in contemporary Western societies.