Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:29:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilla_machado_moraes.pdf: 868229 bytes, checksum: 76d155e67e99e29ba64283f1422058c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-24 / Childhood obesity is a growing public health problem, usually attributed to genetic predisposition. However, inadequate food intake, lifestyle, family environment personal and emotional characteristics of children and social issues also relate to excess of weight. In this study was analyzed the relationship between family and social systems and the personal attributes of obese children in the development of childhood obesity, enlighten by the Bioecological Theory of Human Development. The thesis is composed of three articles. The first, through a literature review, describes the method of Bioecological Theory of Human Development of Urie Bronfenbrenner, research from families with obese children. The second, identifies the influence of ecological contexts of obese children that can contribute to their state of obesity. Eight children participated, of both sexes, aged between eight and twelve years, and their responsible, five mothers and two grandmothers, aged between 34-64 years. All belong financially to the lowest social layer and are assisted by the Unified Health System (SUS). The instruments used were a form to collect biossocialdemographic data from clinical records, a semi-structured interview (with a specific guidelines for each group) and the Family Drawing (only with the children). Data were analyzed based on thematic content analysis technique and the projective test based on formal, general and content aspects. The results showed that children of this research are embedded in family systems marked by both suffered experiences and painful events as also overprotection. Grandparents interfere with the educational dynamics of parents. The relationship between brothers and colleagues is usually marked by rejection and conflict, which leads them to experience loneliness, causing losses to social relations of these children. The lack of consistency between what public policies profess related to the prevention of childhood obesity in the social sphere does not seem to favor the encouragement, support and protection to health care and the recommended action against the disease. The third, analyzes, through the cores of Person and Time in the Bioecological Modell, the personal characteristics and the history of life of obese children and their families that are interrelated in the genesis and maintenance of the disease. The methodological delineation was a multiple case study, which included two children, of both sexes and two mothers. The instruments used in the research were a form to collect biosocialdemographic data from the medical records, a semistructured interview and the Human Figure Drawing (done with the children). The results showed that children have difficulties related to their body image. Their stories reveal family secrets related to parental figures, transgenerational phenomena and mother / child characterized by low autonomy of the child leading to a lack of differentiation of the dyad hindering the domain of the problems. / A obesidade infantil representa um crescente problema de saúde pública, sendo geralmente atribuída à predisposição genética. Contudo, consumo alimentar inadequado, estilo de vida, ambiente familiar, características pessoais e emocionais da criança e questões sociais também se relacionam com o excesso de peso. Esse estudo analisou a relação entre os sistemas familiar e social e os atributos pessoais de crianças obesas, no desenvolvimento da obesidade infantil, à luz da Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano. A tese está composta por três artigos. O primeiro, através de uma revisão da literatura, descreve o método da Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano, de Urie Bronfenbrenner, na pesquisa de famílias com crianças obesas. O segundo, identifica a influência dos contextos ecológicos de crianças obesas que podem contribuir para seu estado de obesidade. Participaram do estudo oito crianças, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária entre 8 a 12 anos, e suas responsáveis, cinco mães e duas avós, na faixa etária entre 34 a 64 anos. Todas pertencem à camada social menos favorecida financeiramente e atendidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foram utilizados como instrumentos fichas de coleta de dados biossociodemográficos a partir dos prontuários clínicos, a entrevista semi-estruturada (um roteiro específico para cada grupo) e o Desenho da Família (apenas com as crianças). Os dados foram analisados com base na técnica de análise de conteúdo temática e o teste projetivo baseado nos aspectos formal, geral e de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que as crianças dessa pesquisa estão inseridas em sistemas familiares marcados tanto por vivências sofridas e eventos dolorosos como pela superproteção. Os avós interferem na dinâmica educacional dos pais. O relacionamento entre os irmãos e colegas geralmente é marcado por rejeição e conflitos, o que as leva a experimentar solidão, acarretando prejuízos às relações sociais das crianças. A falta de coerência entre o que preconizam as políticas públicas relacionadas à prevenção da obesidade infantil na esfera social parece não favorecer o incentivo, o apoio e a proteção à saúde recomendados nos cuidados e ações contra a doença. O terceiro, analisa através dos núcleos Pessoa e Tempo do Modelo Bioecológico, as características pessoais e a história de vida de crianças obesas e de suas famílias que se inter-relacionam na gênese e manutenção da doença. O delineamento metodológico foi o estudo de casos múltiplos, que incluiu duas crianças, de ambos os sexos e duas mães. Os instrumentos utilizados na pesquisa foram uma ficha de coleta de dados biossociodemográficos a partir dos prontuários clínicos, a entrevista semiestruturada e o Desenho da Figura Humana (apenas com as crianças). Os resultados mostraram que as crianças apresentam dificuldades relacionadas a sua imagem corporal. Suas histórias revelaram segredos familiares relacionados às figuras parentais, fenômenos transgeracionais e relação mãe/criança caracterizada pela baixa autonomia da criança levando a uma falta de diferenciação da díade, o que dificulta o domínio dos problemas enfrentados.

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"The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of parenting style and having vs. not having siblings on social skill development."

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate post-burn adjustment in light of the self-esteem of child burn survivors. The study attempted to assess the viability of using a single, explicit self-report measure of self-esteem (Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale) as an index of post-burn adjustment. It appears that pediatric burn patients do not suffer a compromised self-concept secondary to the burn injury and, rather, are successful in incorporating their post-burn state, physically and psychologically, into a positive self-concept. It is suggested that evaluation of overall self-esteem incorporate a comprehensive picture of post-burn adjustment, based upon psychological and physiological parameters. Further research is justified and suggestions for future examinations are presented.

With the increase in survival for children with cancer, part of the focus of current research is aimed towards evaluating how these children are adapting psychosocially. Neurocognitive deficits have been well established. However, there are multiple facets encompassing quality of life, including general mental health, lifestyles and health behaviors, and academic and cognitive functioning. The relationship between neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning has yet to be thoroughly evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning in survivors of brain tumors and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Data was collected from existing archival database comprised of patients of the at Cook Children's Medical Center in Texas. The sample consisted of 177 patients between the ages of 3 and 12 who were at least two years post-diagnosis. Measures used included the NEPSY and the Behavioral Assessment for Children. Statistical analyses included a several one-way analysis of variances, an independent samples t-test, a univariate analysis of variance, a hierarchical multiple regression, and odds ratio analyses. Results indicated survivors treated with neurosurgery alone appear to be less at risk for developing behavior problems than other treatment modalities. Also, brain tumor survivors demonstrate more problematic behaviors than survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Visuospatial functioning, diagnosis, and type of treatment were found to be predictive variables of behavior problems. Attention, and perhaps language, deficits may predispose children to more problems in their behavior. It is concluded that there are other factors affecting behavior in this population that were not accounted for in this analysis. It is recommended for future studies to research the individual clinical scales of the Behavior Assessment System for Children, obtain information from multiple informants, study this relationship longitudinally, and research additional factors that may be influencing the relationship between neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning. This provides evidence of risk factors that should be monitored as the child returns home and to school.

Parent marital status is a highly influential variable within the family context, as it can serve as a protective factor in many ways. However, it can also be a risk factor for youth. Despite the large body of literature that delineates the benefits of sports participation and the negative outcomes associated with divorce, researchers have yet to examine the impact of athletic participation on youth who have experienced familial disruptions, such as divorce, separation, and remarriage. Sports participation was chosen as a moderating variable in the present study, as it is believed to serve as a protective factor for those who experience parental divorce. Specifically, the present study aims to answer the following research question: Does sports participation moderate the effects of parent marital status and belongingness on achievement and behavior problems after controlling for sex, socioeconomic status, and maternal education? Many theoretical mechanisms support the hypothesis that positive outcomes are be associated with sporting programs, such as Social Capital Theory, as well as theories associated with 7 motivation and belonging. This study analyzed data collected as part of the NICHDSECCYD comprehensive longitudinal study. Specifically, the effects of parent marital status and belongingness on academic achievement were analyzed in AMOS 22, using a multiple group path model with sports participation as a moderator. Although results did not support sports participation as a moderator, findings supported previous research that connects intact, two-parent marriages with positive outcomes for youth.

The problem of this study was the investigation of burn-out in child protective services social workers. The purposes of the study were to 1. Estimate certain causes and symptoms of burn-out; 2. Determine certain characteristics of the individual child protective services social workers; 3. Develop profiles of the burned-out and the burning-out workers; 4. Develop profiles for the items on the characteristics instruments which the computation of the data indicates might be important for selecting, training, and managing workers.