This study analysed why children under four years old were admitted to care, and whether they suffered harm due to abuse or neglect, based on file documentation regarding all 175 admissions, involving 129 children and 93 mothers, by one Ontario Children's Aid Society between 1992 and 1996. Using the Ontario Child Welfare Eligibility Spectrum to classify reasons for admission, more admissions were due to risks defined under Caregiver Capacity than Harm by Commission or Omission. Mothers' background and lack of resources were common factors. Evidence of harm was often hard to establish but was rated as clear or extreme in 12% of cases. Differences related to fathers' status, number and age of children in the home, and history of agency involvement were found between cases where children suffered severe harm due to abuse or neglect, and cases where they did not, but these differences were not statistically significant.

No description available.

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse how school and social service in the city of Malmö cooperate regarding children at risk and what they do in order to meet their needs. We also aim to explore the view and knowledge of the personnel and their experience of the guardians’ impact during collaboration. The empirical data was collected by personal interviews with personnel from the school and social service. The results have been analysed from a theory of organizational culture and symbolic interaction.The study shows that the organizations have various forms of cooperation, whereof the majority occur in individual cases, and that preventative work is not a priority due to reorganisations and changes in society. One of the central aspects regarding collaboration is intervention in an early stage to meet the childrens needs. We question if this could be done if preventative work would be a low priority. Both parties experiencing frustration from the personnel of the other organization, which mainly occurs from lack of trust and knowledge about the working situation of the other. The personnel from school and social service consider themselves to have an understanding for the personnel of the other organization. However, this is not a comprehension, which the personnel are experiencing from the personnel of the other organization. The view of the personnel between school and social service differs, which could be explained by “language differences” seen from a perspective of symbolic interaction. The differences might decrease and result in a better understanding between the parties if preventative work were to be prioritized for creating networks and strengthen their relations. The results also show that the guardians have a significant impact concerning the organizations to be able to cooperate in individual cases. This is because the confidentiality needs to be removed in order to enable cooperation between the parties. One conclusion based on the results is that visions and guidelines are not conformed in what is possible to integrate in the daily practical work of the personnel. Furthermore, several political decisions have to be made in order to give the personnel in school and social service adequate conditions for cooperation.

Thesis (MScSportSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Numerous studies have shown that coronary artery disease (CAD) has its origin in childhood. Several risk factors that increase a person's risk for the development of CAD are prevalent amongst children. South African statistics concerning the prevalence of these risk factors are limited. Research has shown that early intervention to eliminate risk factors can decrease the risk for the development of CAD. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of certain coronary risk factors amongst children aged 11 to 13 years in certain Western Cape schools. Certain selected factors were tested. These included obesity, lack of physical activity, hypertension, low physical fitness (V02max), a family history associated with an increased risk, exposure to cigarette smoke, prevalence of diabetes mellitus and an unhealthy diet. The sample consisted out of 288 children and was made up by 154 boys and 134 girls. Certain anthropometrical measurements (stature, weight, skinfoids, waist and hip circumferences) were taken. Activity levels, family history, exposure to cigarette smoke, prevalence of diabetes mellitus and diet, were measured by means of questionnaires. Physical fitness (V02max) was tested with a three-minute step-test. A sphygmomanometer was used to measure blood pressure. Depending on the circumference of the child's arm, a paediatric or adult size cuff was used. The results of the study showed that 22.01% of the boys and 59.7% of the girls had a percentage body fat so high that it was considered a coronary risk factor. Physical fitness levels were considered risk factors in 2.6% of the boys and 9% of the girls. A very high percentage of the children tested had a family history associated with an increased risk for the development of CAD (73.38% of the boys and 78.36% of the girls). Systolic hypertension was prevalent among 22.01% of the boys and 23.13% of the girls. Diastolic hypertension was only prevalent among 5.19% of the boys and 5.97% of the girls. Low activity levels were considered a risk factor in 31.17% of the boys and 39.55% of the girls. Out of all the subjects, 32.47% of the boys and 37.31% of the girls were exposed to cigarette smoke on a daily basis. The results of this study shows that certain coronary risk factors are quite common amongst children. Prevention programmes that focuses on elimination of coronary risk factors, such as hypertension, inactivity and obesity, is essential for the prevention of subsequent coronary artery disease in adults. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verskeie studies het al bewys dat koronêre hartvatsiekte (KHS) reeds sy ontstaan het in kinders van baie jong ouderdomme. Verskeie risikofaktore wat tot die latere ontstaan van KHS lei kom ook onder jong kinders voor. Statistiek ten opsigte van die voorkoms van hierdie risikofaktore onder kinders in Suid-Afrika is egter baie beperk. Verskeie navorsing toon dat vroeë intervensie kan lei tot "n verlaging in risiko vir die ontwikkeling van KHS op "n latere stadium. Die doel van die studie was om die voorkoms van sekere koronêre risikofaktore in kinders in Suid-Afrika te ondersoek. Sekere risikofaktore is ondersoek, dit het ingesluit, obesiteit, lae fisieke aktiwitietsvlakke, hipertensie, lae fisieke fiksheid (V02maks), 'n familie geskiedenis wat geassosieer word met "n verhoogte risiko, blootstelling aan sigaret rook, die voorkoms van diabetes mellitus en "n swak dieet. Die steekproef het bestaan uit 288 kinders waarvan 134 meisies en 154 seuns was. Verskeie antropometriese meetings (lengte, massa, velvoue, middel- en heup omtrekmates) is geneem. Aktiwiteitsvlakke, familiegeskiedenis, blootstelling aan sigarette rook, voorkoms van diabetes mellitus en dieet is deur middel van vraelyste vasgestel. Fisieke fiksheid (V02maks) is deur middel van "n drie-minuut-opstaptoets vasgestel. Bloeddruk is met "n sfigmomanometer gemeet. Afhangend van die omtrek van die kind se arm is "n pediatries- of volwasse-grootte drukband gebruik. Persentasie liggaamsvet was by 22.01% van die seuns en 59.7% van die meisies so hoog dat dit as "n risikofaktor beskou kan word. Fisieke fiksheidsvlakke kan by 2.6% van die seuns en 9% van die meisies as "n risikofaktor beskou word. "n Baie hoë persentasie van die kinders het "n familiegeskiedenis gehad wat geassosieer word met "n verhoogde risiko vir die ontwikkeling van KHS (73.38% van die seuns en 78.36% van die meisies). Sistoliese hipertensie het onder 22.01% van die seuns en 23.13% van die meisies voorgekom. Diastoliese hipertensie het baie minder voorgekom as sistoliese hipertensie (5.19% van die seuns en 5.97% van die meisies). Lae aktiwiteitsvlakke het onder 31.17% van die seuns en 39.55% van die meisies voorgekom. 'n Redelike hoë persentasie van die kinders word daagliks aan sigaretrook van hulouers of oppassers blootgestel (32.47% van die seuns en 37.31% van die meisies.) Die resultate van die studie dui aan dat daar 'n redelike hoë voorkoms van sekere koronêre risikofaktore onder kinders is. Ondersoek moet ingestel word na moontlike, goed gestruktureerde intervensieprogramme.

The aim of this dissertation is to examine approaches to social work dealing with children at risk and their families. Of particular interest to this examination are the processes of social work practice, support of vulnerable children, family's effect upon child's endangered situation as well as the role of family in the process of social work practice with the child. Further subjects of investigation are specific methods and instruments of social work practice with children in need, competence and role of social workers along with legal standards in this field of social work. The first part of the work describes general and theoretical structure of social work practice with socially endangered children. Following part consists of social work methods applied in Mezipatro Children's Centre. The research part includes an analysis of semi- structured interviews conducted with social workers from Mezipatro Children's Centre and is focused on efficiency and risks of social work tools used in Mezipatro Children's Centre.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giselle Faria Guimaraes.pdf: 658423 bytes, checksum: 9e40e33bb9f1cbb7d0861bbc1e491827 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-24 / In this work I reflect about the possibilities of intervention on the care with children in risk situation, considering the importance of the environment and the relationship with the other in order for them to establish a creative relationship with the world in which they live. My interest came from my experience at Project Quixote, presented at the beginning of this text. I also present stories of children that passed through the Project, seeking to understand the suffering they show us. This suffering, that many times comes as violent behaviors, learning problems, drug abuse among other, cannot be reduced to its psychic or social aspect, but must be understood on its ontological aspect since it is about experiences that fracture the human ethos. They are children who suffer because they live in a world more inhospitable at each day, in which they can t find the conditions that allow their humanity to happen. The children we meet are marked, in different degrees, by the disenchantment and lack of hope. We suffer the consequences of a rootlessness process more intense at each day. In this way, I used the contributions of D.W. Winnicott, who highlights the importance of the relationship with the other and the necessary conditions the environment must offer so that the human being can constitute itself, and the elaborations of Simone Weil about the notion of rooting and rootlessness. Also fundamental were Safra s reflections on the suffering as a consequence of ethical fractures. The interventions must be guided by the place issue, by the need to offer a place in the human world given by the relationship that establishes between the children and the professional, the team and the institution that take care of her. It is from the experience of having a place related to self that the child will be able to live or relive the enchantment experience / Nesta dissertação procuro refletir sobre as possibilidades de intervenção no atendimento a crianças em situação de risco, considerando a importância do ambiente e da relação com o outro para que elas possam vir a estabelecer uma relação criativa com o mundo em que vivem. Meu interesse surgiu a partir da minha experiência no Projeto Quixote, que apresento no início desta dissertação. Trago também histórias de crianças atendidas no Projeto, procurando compreender os sofrimentos que nos apresentam. Estes sofrimentos, que surgem em muitos casos sob a forma de comportamentos violentos, problemas de aprendizagem, abuso de drogas, entre outros, não podem ser reduzidos a seu aspecto psíquico ou social, mas devem ser compreendidos em seu aspecto ontológico, porque são experiências que fraturam o ethos humano. São crianças que sofrem por viverem em um mundo cada vez mais inóspito, no qual não encontram as condições que permitem o acontecer humano. As crianças que encontramos são marcadas, em diferentes graus, pelo desencanto e a desesperança. Sofremos as conseqüências de um processo de desenraizamento cada vez mais intenso. Neste caminho, utilizei as contribuições de D.W. Winnicott, que ressalta a importância da relação com o outro e das condições necessárias que o ambiente deve ofertar para que o ser humano possa vir a se constituir, e as elaborações de Simone Weil sobre a noção de enraizamento e desenraizamento. Foram fundamentais, também, as reflexões de Safra sobre os sofrimentos decorrentes das fraturas éticas. As intervenções devem ser norteadas pela questão do lugar, pela necessidade da oferta de um lugar no mundo humano dada pela relação que se estabelece entre a criança e o profissional, a equipe e a própria instituição que a atende. É a partir da experiência de ter um lugar aparentado com o si mesmo que a criança poderá viver ou reviver a experiência de encanto

Schoolbag carriage represents a considerable daily occupational load for children (Negrini et al., 1999). Whittfield et al., (2001) and Puckree et al., (2004) have reported that the carriage of heavy schoolbags is a suspected aetiological factor of the daily physical stress of school pupils. Methods: One hundred and eighty-seven pupils voluntarily participated in a controlled, descriptive, epidemiological retrospective study. Subjects’ biographical, epidemiological, exercise history and lifestyle information was gathered by a self-report questionnaire (adapted from Puckree et al., 2004). Subjects’ body mass, stature and mass of their schoolbags were measured using a Detecto stadiometer scale. Digital images, electromyographical muscular activity and a posture profile assessments were captured in the frontal and sagittal planes whilst the pupils were in the loaded (carrying a schoolbag) and the unloaded phases (not carrying schoolbags). These images were analyzed using biomechanical software, Dartfish. The study being retrospective in nature recorded the prevalence of schoolbag carriage musculoskeletal pain over the last 12 months. Descriptive statistical tests such as mean, mode, frequency, percentages and inferential chi-square statistical test (set at a probability of 0.05) were employed to analyze the data. Results: The result indicated that 78.99% of the cohort experience musculoskeletal pain due to schoolbag carriage (p<0.0001). The most prevalent anatomical sites of pain were the shoulders (37.04%), neck (20.37%), lumbar (11.73%) and thorax (10.49%) (p<0.0001). The mean mass of the schoolbag carried by the cohort was 5.45kg which was approximately 11.5% of their body mass. The predisposing factors of the musculoskeletal pain were the methods employed to carry the schoolbag (single strap (20.21%) versus double straps (76.6%), altered posture due to excessive schoolbag mass together with a reduced craniovertebral angle (p<0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: The excessive schoolbag mass carried by the pupils placed strain on the immature vertebral column of these pupils thus causing postural deviations which induced musculoskeletal pain and discomfort. / Thesis (M.Sport Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2011.

Tyrimo objektas: Rizikos grupės vaikų požiūris į olimpinį judėjimą ir kilnų elgesį sporte olimpinio ugdymo kontekste; Tyrimo tikslas – išsiaiškinti rizikos grupės vaikų požiūrį į olimpinį judėjimą ir kilnų elgesį sporte olimpinio ugdymo kontekste. Siekinat atsakyti į tyrimo tikslą, buvo keliami šie uždaviniai: išnagrinėti olimpizmo idėjų sklaidą mokykloje olimpinio ugdymo kontekste; įvertinti rizikos grupės vaikų žinias apie olimpines žaidynes olimpinio ugdymo kontekste; nustatyti mokykloje vykdomos olimpinio ugdymo programos poveikį rizikos grupės vaikų požiūriui į olimpinį judėjimą ir kilnų elgesį sporte olimpinio ugdymo kontekste; Tyrimu tikrinama hipotezė, kad mokyklos, kurios vaikai dalyvauja olimpinio ugdymo projekte požiūris į olimpinį judėjimą ir kilnų elgesį sporte pozityvesnis nei mokyklos, kurios vaikai minėtame projekte nedalyvauja. Tyrimo metu, taikant netikimybinę tikslinę atranką bei apklausos raštu metodą buvo apklausta 120 rizikos grupei priklausančių vaikų (60 vaikų iš mokyklos, kuri dalyvauja olimpinio ugdymo programoje bei 60 vaikų iš mokyklos, nedalyvaujančios minėtoje programoje). Taikyta dalis Olimpinio klausimyno (Olympic Questionnaire, Telama et al., 2002). Apklausa parodė, kad mokyklos, kurios vaikai dalyvauja olimpinio ugdymo projekte požiūris į olimpinį judėjimą ir kilnų elgesį sporte pozityvesnis nei mokyklos, kurios vaikai minėtame projekte nedalyvauja. Nustatyta, kad žinių apie olimpines žaidynes rizikos grupės vaikai pirmiausia gauna... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research object: Children‘s at risk attitude about Olympic Movement and noble behavior in sports in the context of Olympic education; Goal of research – to find out children‘s at risk attitude about Olympic Movement and noble behavior in sports in the context of Olympic education. On purpose to reach the goal of research, the following objectives have been raised: to analyze the dispersion of Olympism ideas in school in the context of Olympic education; to evaluate children‘s at risk knowledge about Olympics in the context of Olympic education; to determine the influence of Olympic education program in school for children‘s at risk attitude about Olympic Movement and noble behavior in sports in the context of Olympic education. The hypothesis, evaluating by research is, that the attitude about Olympic Movement and noble behavior in sports in school, in which children participate in the Olympic education project is more positive than in school, in which children don‘t participate in the earlier mentioned project. During the research, using non-stochastic objective selection and the method of written survey, 120 children from at-risk group (60 children from school, which participates in Olympic education program and 60 children from school, which is not participating in mentioned program) were interviewed. There was a part of Olympic Questionnaire used (Olympic Questionnaire, Telama et al., 2002). A survey showed, that the attitude about Olympic Movement and noble behavior in... [to full text]

The diploma work processes the present issues if it is important or even necessary keeping the institutional care for the children under 3 years of age or if it can be replaced by short term foster care. The research was done by quantitative strategy and with the method of forms. The forms were addressed to fosters [short term and long term fosters] and to the child care institutions for children under 3 years of age under the direction of Ministry of Health. The data from ÚZIS also served the research these data confirm that about 85% of children return to their own or substitute families. The return to biological families did not go under 50% between 2011 and 2015. The inquiry also revealed the different view on the issue of short term foster care where fosters [long and short time] prefer the short time foster care method, while the child care institutions for children under 3 years of age under the direction of Ministry of Health mention the risks connected with the foster [short term] deficiency. The work also shows the problem that short time foster care is not convenient for disabled children and children from different ethnic groups, the institutions see a big problem in this too. The ways how the children are distributed into substitute family care are also connected with above mention. The children come to short time foster care generally from social issues and to institutional care mostly from health-social issues. The fosters themselves mention the situations when they would fear doing the care. These situations mostly correspond with the cases of children placed to the institutions with special care. Finally it is obvious the short time foster care and the institutional care play their own irreplaceable role in the substitute family care system. Together they make the necessary balanced system for children at risk and they complement each other. Well, not every child is suitable for institutional care and otherwise. For example the children hardly disabled or children from repetitively non-functional families would be in high risk of failing again in the foster care. That is the reason, why the planned closing down of the special facilities should be discussed and reconsider again.

The aim of this study aims was to gain a better understanding of how dandelion children (maskrosbarn) in grown age describe their experiences of growing up with at least one parent with substance abuse and mental illness. The study was conducted through a qualitative study on five autobiographies and biographies. The books were analyzed through a text analysis and we used Borges resiliens theory with risk and protective factors to help us see how different factors in the children's lives affect them. Our study shows how the children describes their childhood being effected by their parents substance abuses and mental illnesses. The children describe that their childhood was subject to lack of care and that it was caused both by their parents substance abuses and mental illnesses and the social services lack of help or insufficient help. They grew up with their single mothers in areas with low socio-economic background and felt different from other children. Their most important protective factors were to have someone important in their life, the will to want another life than their parents and to develop a good self esteem. The authors felt unheard and unseen as children even if social services put them in foster care. Through this study it is possible to increase knowledge of how dandelion children in grown age describe their childhood and how it affected them. It also show which help they did or didn´t receive from social services growing up. We propose further research concerning dandelion children closer to our time related to todays laws and regulations.