A shortcoming in the literature is the lack of information and research into how refugee children from Africa experience life in South Africa and what their degree of exposure to xenophobia is, from South Africans. This motivated the researcher to investigate the extent of xenophobia towards refugee children living in Shelters in Cape Town. A survey of refugee children was done by means of a questionnaire that assessed the forms of xenophobia and who it was that discriminated against refugee children because of their foreignness. The results of the study showed that refugee children do experience xenophobia, in various forms from different sectors of South African society. Although some of it is violent in nature, it is mostly prejudice and xenophobic comments that the children are exposed to. This research provided a baseline for more extensive research into this phenomenon. / Social Work / M.A. Diac.(Play Therapy)

Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Guidance & Counselling)

Summary in Afrikaans and English / Although the rights of children in South Africa are being regulated by legislation, statistics prove that statutory services on behalf of children annually increase. Scientific accountable information regarding the child can be obtained by the assessment of the child. The purpose of this investigation was to identify the gaps in the existing assessment guidelines, as well as the needs of social workers regarding assessments. The sequential exploratory strategy was utilized, as quantitative data supported qualitative findings. The investigation showed that minimal assessment literature is available in South Africa and internationally, although assessment is the basis evidence of the social worker. The biggest gap in assessment guidelines is that assessment does not carry weight in the court. There is a need for social workers to be trained in relevant assessment skills based on a specific frame of reference. Gestalt therapy can provide a suitable theoretical frame of reference for assessment, and can serve as scientific foundation for social workers during the statutory process. A framework for an assessment guideline was thus proposed. / Ten spyte daarvan dat die regte van kinders in Suid-Afrika deur wette gereguleer word, bewys statistiek dat statutere dienste aan kinders jaarliks toeneem. Wetenskaplik verantwoordbare inligting ten opsigte van die kind kan bekom word deur die kind te assesseer. Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om leemtes wat in bestaande assesseringsriglyne is vas te stel, asook die behoeftes wat by maatskaplike werkers ten opsigte van assessering bestaan. Die opeenvolgende verkennende strategie is tydens hierdie ondersoek gevolg, aangesien kwantitatiewe data gebruik is om die kwalitatiewe bevindings te ondersteun. Die ondersoek het getoon dat min literatuur ten opsigte van assessering in Suid-Afrika en internasionaal beskikbaar is, ten spyte daarvan dat assessering die basis van die getuienis van die maatskaplike werker vorm. Die grootste leemte wat in assesseringsriglyne ge'identifiseer is, is die feit dat assessering nie gewig in die hof dra nie. 'n Behoefte ten opsigte van opleiding in toepaslike assesseringsvaardighede vanuit 'n spesifieke teoretiese verwysingsraamwerk bestaan. Gestaltterapie kan 'n teoretiese verwysingsraamwerk vir assessering bied en kan dien as wetenskaplike fundering vir optrede van maatskaplike werkers tydens die statutere proses. 'n Raamwerk vir 'n assesseringsriglyn is voorgestel. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)

In the light of the child's self-esteem that is affected by traumatic events, the goal of the research was to explore and describe the self-esteem of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS. The researcher made use of a quantitative research method. 30 (N=30) respondents, both male (n=16) and female (n=14), between the ages of 11 to 15, were randomly sampled for inclusion in the study. Each participant completed a self-report measure of self-esteem, The Culture-free Self-esteem Inventory for Children, which yielded a score of Global Self-esteem, as well as in four sub-domains including: General, Social, Academic and Parent-related Self-esteem. The results of this study demonstrated that the participants experienced a lowered self-esteem. These findings were explored in light of a literature review, after which conclusions and recommendations were provided. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)

The aim of the research was to determine the extent by wt)ich the home, school and community can provide emotional support to secondary school children. A literature survey focused on these variables. This was followed by the empirical investigation and it was found that there was a significant and positive correlation in the scores of males and females and for all age groups in relation to emotional problems experienced by secondary school children in their homes, schools and communities as a result of external forces (such as their experiences with family members, teachers at school, peer group members and other community members) and internal forces (such as their own physical, social, intellectual, moral and emotional development). This was followed by findings and recommendations for family, teachers at school, community members and the government. / Psychology of Education / Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of South Africa, 1998.

Afrikaans text / Besorgdheid het in die gemeenskap bestaan oar die toenemende getalle kinders wat binne die stedelike konteks van Pretoria op straat leef en werk. Hierdie navorsing is onderneem om die behoeftes van die kinders aan te spreek en om alternatiewe wyses te vind om met hulle te werk. 'n Konteks is geskep sodat na hulle stemme geluister kon word. nag 'n alternatief tot "tradisionele" vorme van gesinsterapie bruikbaar is, op sekere voorwaardes, soos aangedui in hoofstuk vier. Sleutelwoorde: reflekterende span; "straatkinders"; ekosistemiese benadering; ekologie; epistemologie; konstruktivisme; objektivisme; kubernetika; sisteemteorie; mikro-, meso- en makrosisteme; sirkulere en liniere punktuasie Ekosistemiese beginsels is aanvanklik benut, maar was nie vir die span wat saamgewerk het, betekenisvol nie. 'n Gevallestudie-ontwerp was nuttig om die ontwikkeling en "opleiding" van die span wat sou saamwerk, te beskryf, asook die benutting van ekosistemiese beginsels tydens dienste aan die "straatkinders" en hulle gesinne by ltumeleng. Die navorsing het aangedui dat 'n ekosistemiese benadering tot gesinsterapie as / The community showed concern about the increasing number of children living and working on the streets within the urban context of Pretoria. This researchwas undertaken to address the needs of these children and to find alternative ways of working with them. A context was created so that their voices could be heard. Ecosystemic principles were initially used, but were not meaningful to the team who worked together. A case study design proved useful in developing and "training" of the team who would be working together, as well as applying ecosystemic principles while making services available to the "street children" and their families in ltumeleng. The research indicated that an ecosystemic approach to family therapy could be used as an alternative to "traditional" forms of family therapy, subject to certain conditions, as stipulated in Chapter Four. / Social Work / M.A. (Sosiale Wetenskappe (Geestesgesondheid))

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van die navorsingsondersoek na die stiefvader as sek­suele molesteerder van sy stiefdogter is om die probleem te beskryf, te verklaar en aanbevelings te doen aan instansies wat betrokke is by seksuele molestering. Die ondersoek was kwali­tatief van aard en die tegnieke van ongestruktureerde onder­ houdvoering en dokumentere studies is gebruik.By die beskrywing van die probleem is die kenmerke van die stiefgesin waarin seksuele molestering voorkom geidentifiseer. Dit was moeilik om die omvang van seksuele molestering in die stiefgesin te bepaal, weens onvolledige rekordhouding deur in­stansies. Aannames vanuit die literatuur het die ondersoek gerig en sek­suele molestering in die stiefgesin is verklaar aan die hand van die eienskappe van die sisteernbenadering. Navorser het bevind dat seksuele molesteerders swak sosiale verhoudings het en uit disfunksionele gesinne kom. Aanbevelings is gedoen ter voorkoming van seksuele molestering binne stiefgesinne. / The object of this research project, the stepfather as sexual molester of his stepdaughter, is to define and explain the problem, and to make recommendations to organisations concerned with sexual abuse. This exploration was qualitative and techniques of unstructured interviewing and documentary studies were employed. In defining the problem, the characteristics of the stepfamily in which sexual molesting occurs, are identified. It was difficult to determine the extent of sexual molesting in the stepfamily, because of the incomplete records of the organisations. Suppositions from literature directed the research on sexual abuse in the stepfamily, and are explained on the basis of characteristics of the systems approach. Researcher found that sexual molesters have inadequate social relationships and come from dysfunctional families. Recommendations have been made for the prevention of sexual abuse in stepfamilies. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Sosiale Wetenskappe (Kriminologie))

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie studie is gepoog om te bepaal hoe adolessente adapteer wanneer hulle alleen (sonder hul gesin) in Suid-Afrika agterbly terwyl hul ouers langtermyn buitelandse <liensverng. Om te kon bepaal hoe adolessente adapteer, is daar eerstens 'n uitgebreide literatuurstudie onderneem. Die Veerkragtigheidsmodel van gesinstres, aanpassing en adaptasie van McCubbin is as teoretiese onderbou gebruik. Tweedens is 'n empiriese studie onderneem deur die gebruik van die "A-Cope" vraelys om te bepaal watter adaptasiegedragspatrone en adaptasiegedragstipes deur adolessente gebruik word in stresvolle situasies (soos byvoorbeeld wanneer hulle alleen in Suid-Afrika agterbly wanneer hulle ouers langtermyn buitelandse <liens verrig). Die empiriese studie het aangetoon dat die adaptasiegedragspatrone en -gedragstipes, wat die mees waarskynlikste is, die vermyding van probleme is. Die mees onwaarskynlike adaptasiegedragspatroon is die gebruik van professionele ondersteuning. Aanbevelings is gemaak in die belang van adolessente, hul ouers en die maatskaplike werker van die Departement van Buitelandse Sake. / This study endeavoured to determine how adolescents, cope when they are left behind in South Africa (without their families) while their parents do long term foreign service abroad. To determine how adolescents cope an expansive literature study was firstly undertaken. The Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation by McCubbin served as the theoretical basis. Secondly, an empirical study was undertaken. The A-Cope index was used to determine which coping patterns and coping behaviour adolescents apply when dealing with stressful situations such as when they stay alone in South Africa while their parents serve abroad. The empirical study revealed that the coping patterns and coping behaviours that adolescents respectively apply the most, are avoidance of problems. The most unlikely coping behaviour that adolescents will apply, is to seek professional assistance. Recommendations are made in the interest of adolescents, their parents and the social worker at the Department of Foreign Affairs. / Social Work / M.A.(Social Work)

Awareness and knowledge of the different transmission modes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) serves as a vital component of the efforts to prevent the spread of HIV. This quantitative descriptive cross sectional study was conducted with 99 learners from three public schools for learners with hearing impairment in KwaZulu- Natal (KZN). Data was collected via a self-designed questionnaire and analysed via the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Recommendations based on the findings of poor levels of knowledge of transmission modes of HIV were made to motivate for greater awareness amongst these vulnerable learners / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study attempts to contribute to search for a more ministry appropriate framework that will cause children’s ministry to be more holistic and sustainable. It explores the 40 Developmental Asset framework of the Search Institute for more sustainable children’s ministry. The research question has been formulated as follows: Can the 40 Developmental Asset framework contribute to a more sustainable Children’s ministry.? The purpose of the study is to: • Firstly try and determine what contribution this framework can make to sustainable children’s minsitry. • Secondly make children’s workers more aware of the good ministry practices outside their context and paradigm and to give guidelines of the use of such pracitce. • Thirdly to contribute to more academic thought and discussion about children’s ministry in a South African context. In chapter one the research problem is defined and the research methodology discussed. Chapter two pays attention to certain challenges for children’s ministry in a South African context after which discussions about factors that influences children’s ministry, follows. A discussion about current ministry models and metaphors for children’s ministry is also done. The conclusion of this exploration is that these ministry models mainly accommodate children in one context, namely the church and largely ignores the other contexts of children’s lives. These contexts include their home, school, friends and the larger community of which they are part of and therefore does not accommodate children’s ministry in a holistic sustainable manner. In chapter three a more detailed discussion of the asset framework and its potential for sustainable ministry follows. The current age we live in urges the church to return to her missional calling by attempting to reach out to children that is not part of the church, meaning it should attempt to be more inclusive in its ministry efforts to children. Chapter four describes the research methodology followed in this study and discusses the themes identified in the interpretation of the data derived from the research. In chapter five conclusions based on the research are made. These conclusions include that • More academic research about children’s minsitry is needed; • Children’s ministry is and inclusive ministry; • Contextualization of the asset framework is possible; • The responsibillities to build assets in children is everyone’s responsibillity; • That a more appreciative attitude towards children should be cultvated and practiced; The conclusion of the study is that the 40 Developmental Asset framework should be considered as a possible framework for more sustainable ministry. The reason being that it accomodates all the contexts of children’s lives and is thus more inclusive of contexts and the addresses the whole being of children. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie poog om mee te werk in die soeke na ‘n meer praktykgerigte raamwerk vir kinderbediening wat meer holisties en volhoubaar is. Die studie stel ondersoek in na die benutting van die 40 Batesraamwerk van die Search Instituut vir ʼn meer volhoubare kinderbediening. Na aanleiding van die navorsingsprobleem word die navorsingsvraag soos volg geformuleer: Kan die 40 Batesraamwerk bydra tot ’n meer volhoubare kinderbediening? Die doel van die studie is om: • Eerstens te probeer vasstel watter bydrae die Veertig Ontwikkelingsbates tot ’n meer volhoubare kinderbediening kan maak;. • Tweedens kinderwerkers meer bewus te maak van ander goeie bedieningspraktyke buite hulle eie konteks en denkraamwerk, en ook riglyne te bied oor die gebruik van so ’n raamwerk; • Derdens mee te help tot akademiese nadenke oor kinderbediening binne die Suid Afrikaanse konteks. In hoofstuk een is die navorsingsprobleem en metodiek van die navorsing bespreek. Ten einde die navorsingsvraag te probeer beantwoord, word daar in hoofstuk twee heel eerste aandag gegee aan die bespreking van enkele uitdagings met betrekking tot kinderbediening in Suid-Afrika, ‘n bespreking oor invloede op kinderbediening volg waarna moontlike modelle en metafore vir kinderbediening in ’n Suid-Afrikaanse konteks verken word. Die konklusie van die verkenning is dat die bedienningsmodelle kinders meestal slegs binne die konteks van die kerk “ontvang” maar dat die res van die kontekste waarin kinders leef byvoorbeeld die huis, skool, vriende en die gemeenskap baie min of glad nie kinders holisties en volhoubaar akkomodeer nie. In hoofstuk drie word die 40 Batesraamwerk meer breedvoerig bespreek en die redes waarom dit as raamwerk vir meer volhoubare kinderbediening oorweeg behoort word, verken. Hierdie tydsgewrig vereis dat die kerk deur kinderbediening misionaal behoort op te tree teenoor ander kinders wat nie deel is van die gemeente nie. Hoofstuk vier beskryf die navorsingsmetodologie wat gevolg is in die studie en bespreek temas wat geïdentifiseer is tydens die interpretering van die data verkry uit die ondersoek. In hoofstuk vyf word gevolgtrekkings en konklusies gemaak uit die studie in geheel. Die vernaamste bevindinge is dat: • Meer akademiese navorsing oor kinderbediening nodig is; • Kinderbediening ‘n inklusiewe bediening is; • Langtermynoplossings vir kinderbediening nodig is; • Kontekstualisering van die 40 Batesraamwerk moontlik is; • Die verantwoordelikheid om bates te bou, by almal berus; ’n Meer waarderende houding teenoor kinders nodig is.Die konklusie van die studie is dus dat die 40 Batesraamwerk wel oorweeg behoort te word as raamwerk vir meer volhoubare kinderbediening aangesien dit al die kontekste waarin kinders leef, aanspreek en dus meer inklusiewe bedieningsbenadering ten opsigte van konteks maar ook menswees kan bevorder.