Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 330-344).

The area of economic cooperation represents one of the most important components of the country's foreign policy due to its special international status. The diploma thesis is divided into four parts. The first chapter deals with the theoretical definition of economic diplomacy. The basic characteristics of the land are mentioned in the second chapter, the third part deals with the structure of commercial diplomacy in Taiwan and the last section compares bilateral relations with Taiwan's diplomatic ally and the country without official diplomatic relations.

本研究的主要目的在以歷史與政策研究法來探討冷戰後華府－臺北－北京的三邊關係，並檢驗三角關係連結的變化；另一方面，對於「北京與華府的關係穩定亦會對華府與臺北關係有正面的影響」此一推論，做一驗證的工作。 　　本論文共計六章，分別介紹如下： 　　第一章是對於本文研究動機、目的，方法與架構做通盤性的概述，並做整篇論文模式的定義和限制因素的闡述。 　　第二章則是以歷史研究法探討三角關係的歷史變遷與回顧，分別由三方的立場觀點來探究，時間則是以一九四九年中共政權的成立，正式形成三角關係為起始點，而時間的迄點則是冷戰後期，也就是一九八八年。 　　第三章乃是探究冷戰後的北京與華盛頓的關係，其中以雙邊關係的結構做為序幕，探討雙邊關係的起伏、雙邊現存的歧見，例如：大規模毀滅武器的限制問題、人權問題、貿易問題，以及臺灣問題在兩者間所產生的影響為何。 　　第四章則是探討華府與臺北之間的關係，這一部分明顯的把北京的因素考量進去。除了雙邊關係的結構外，特別地討論冷戰後華府在臺北的利益、美國對臺的軍售以及雙方現存的經貿問題等。 　　第五章討論的是兩岸關係，以「國統綱領」、「一國兩制」與「臺獨」揭開兩岸關係的深層結構，按著討論冷戰後兩岸的經貿關係、安全互動，最後則是以辜汪會談以及中共發表「臺灣問題與中國的統一」白皮書後的兩岸關係做一整體性評估，並就美國在兩岸統台中所扮演的角色做一分析。 　　結論是試著展望未來三角關係的發展，並對先前的假設做出解答；最後以未來的展望做為終結。

新興強權的崛起，勢將影響國際權力結構。自冷戰結束以來，國際體系維持著以美國為主導的單極為主多極體系，然全球化的影響，美國權力不免出現離散的下降趨勢。中共的崛起，成為可能挑戰以美國所主導的國際體系，使美中間的權力互動成為世人關切的焦點。 中共的國際戰略旨在維護和鞏固其在國際領域中的國家利益。自建政以來，歷代領導人審視國際權力結構的動態，制訂其國際戰略，俾在權力平衡的運作中，追求最大的國家利益。中共在面對「中國威脅論」的不利態勢，在16大以後，胡、溫領導以「和諧世界」戰略做為外交政策的指導原則；充滿理想主義的和諧世界戰略，能否改變國際間對中共這個新興強權的疑慮，成為全球矚目的焦點。 本文為瞭解中共和諧世界戰略與美中台間的關係發展與影響，採用歷史文獻分析法，藉由多元研究途徑，探討中共和諧世界戰略發展的歷程、背景與內涵及與美中台關係發展的影響。 研究發現，和諧世界戰略充滿理想主義色彩，但本質仍是追求權力平衡的觀點，企圖改變現階段美中權力結構的不和諧與不對等；和諧世界戰略提出後，受到主要國家的歡迎，相對的拉近美中之間權力結構的差距；但美國對中共威脅認知、雙方對權力的觀點、其他主要國家（戰略樞紐者如：俄、日、印、歐盟等）的抉擇及台灣問題的潛在衝突等，仍將影響美中台關係的未來發展。 / The rise of emerging powers is bound to affect the power structure of the international. Since the conclusion of the Cold War, a uni-multipolar system with the US as the only superpower has been dominating the arena of international politics. However, the US power diffuses and descends as a result of globalization. On the other hand, China’s rise to regional hegemony and the subsequent adjustment of its international strategy is posing a challenge to the US-dominated international political system. The interaction between Washington and Beijing has become a critical factor in the development of global politics. The PRC’s international strategy aims to secure and consolidate its national interests in the global society. Since the establishment of the Communist regime, the paramount leaders have examined the dynamics of international power structure and formulated its international strategy accordingly in order to pursue the maximum national interests in the operations of balance of power. Since the sixteenth Communist Party Congress, Hu Jintao and Wen Jia Bau has enshrined “harmonious world” as the guidelines for the country’s foreign policy. The latest international strategy sets a new direction for the development of the US-China relations. Since then whether or not the nominally idealistic “harmonious world” strategy helps reduce America’s suspicion of the potential rival has taken the limelight of international politics. This paper adopts document analysis and employs diversified research approach to explore, in terms of balance of power, the development process of the PRC’s international strategy, the contents of the “harmonious world” strategy, and the influence of the strategy upon the relations between the US- China and Taiwan. The findings of this study include the following points: The PRC’s “harmonious world” strategy is only idealistic in name but in essence, it still holds the Chinese traditional wisdom of balance of power; the strategy aims to rectify the existing discord and asymmetry in the power structure of US-China relations; and, although the strategy reduces the gap in the US-China power structure to a certain extent, America’s perception of China threat, mutual recognition of the contrast of national power, the decisions of other strategic pivots (such as the strategic hub are: i.e. Russia, Japan, India, and the European Union), and the dispute on Taiwan will continue to dictate the development of the bilateral relations between the US - PRC and the Taiwan.

The suicide and the media research field are generally concerned with the effect, content, and production of mass-disseminating suicide information. Most of the previous studies in the field were conducted in western countries. This dissertation is devoted to extending the research map to the Chinese contexts and moving the field forward into the new media era. It proposes a conceptual framework based on the social construction of reality theory and refines the framework through a combination of five studies. Study 1 might be the first investigation on mass-disseminating suicide information’s effect on suicide occurrences in Mainland China, using the Foxconn suicides as a case study. It finds that the Foxconn suicides were temporally clustered and influenced by inter-person contagion within the company, as well as the newspapers’ reporting about the topic in Beijing, the nation’s capital. Study2 examines the prominence and representation patterns of reporting the Foxconn suicides in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan in 2010 calendar year. It demonstrates that the media coverage of the Foxconn suicides in the three societies generally experienced a three-phase evolving process in 2010. Meanwhile, within every phase, the media in different societies showed differences in their representations. Furthermore, the study investigates how the representation can be influenced by news sources and social contexts and explores possible explanations why the Beijing media’s reporting influenced the occurrences of the Foxconn suicides. Study3 compares representation of suicides in case-control psychological autopsy studies with representation of the same suicides in Hong Kong media. Considering the psychological autopsy as relatively more rigorous and validated, the comparison examines the suicide news representation’s accuracy and stereotyping tendencies. It finds a strong homogenisation of the Hong Kong newspapers in accurately reporting suicide methods but inaccurately reporting suicide risk factors, and that their reporting was problematic in stereotyping of gender-and method-specific suicides. Study 4 is a qualitative study of 33newspaper journalists’ experiences with producing suicide news from representative daily newspapers in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Utilising the grounded theory method, it extracts how the journalists construct media reality of suicide within a social context. The study summarises criteria of suicide news values, identifies three types of key agents which are often engaged by the journalists in constructing suicide news, and also generates a comparative framework of suicide news production in the Chinese contexts. Study 5 examines what suicide-related information is easily accessible online in Mainland China and Hong Kong and compares it with its counterparts in English. It explores how the comparative framework proposed by Study 4 can also be applied to understand the nature of the online suicide information and serves as a bridge connecting the thesis with future studies on suicide and the new media. The five studies collectively contribute to understanding the nature and mechanism of constructing media reality of suicide in the Chinese contexts. By applying the research findings, suicide prevention professionals would be able to develop context-sensitive strategies to cooperate with the media and prevent suicide. / published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

隨著全球氣候變遷，天然災害發生頻率越來越高，人道救援的重要性、多元性、緊急性及複雜性更加凸顯，國際人道援助已然成為當代普世價值，因此聯合國與歐盟在1990年代重新改組人道援助機構，統一人道援助事務的事與權，使得國際人道援助機制更臻完善。 首先，海地2010年發生世紀強震，國際社會發動近年來最大動員進行救援與救災，本文透過檢視跨國合作人道援助海地震災，瞭解國際人道援助機制之執行成果，共有包括美國等30餘個國家、聯合國等14個國際組織、紅十字國際委員會等37個非政府組織共同合作協助海地救災與重建工作。 其次，經檢視此次國際救災與重建工作之成果，除所號召的67支搜救隊就出的134生還者是近年來最多成功救援生還者最多的案例，直到2012年2月，原來震災後暫棲避難所的150萬災民也大幅減少至49萬人，預計修復與重建的房舍進度也達成50％，由上述成效觀之，各行為者之間並未出現疊床架屋之困境，反而出現團隊合作的情形，這要歸功於聯合國多年來進行救災累積的經驗。 此次主要由聯合國統一指揮，有效避免救災資源重疊及浪費的情形，並把握救災黃金時間提升人道援助的成效與成果。救災過程中雖因美國撤僑，派軍控制海地國際機場，導致各國救災行動一時受阻，引起撻伐，嗣經聯合國副秘書長John Holmes介入後及時解決此問題，應可作為日後聯合國與國際社會進行人道援助之借鏡，雖救災初期略為紊亂，整個人道救援過程仍稱順利，可謂「瑕不掩瑜」。 最後，中華民國的人道援助經費與聯合國、歐盟、美國及國際重要非政府組織動輒10幾億美元之經費相較之下微不足道，但中華民國此次人道援助策略秉持以自身的優勢及傳統援助強項為基本戰略，並以「小而美」、「小而巧」、「小而強」的原則規劃執行相關計畫，由中華民國執行重建計畫的執行效率，再與聯合國、歐盟及美國透過非政府組織所執行的計畫相較之下，中華民國的策略似乎較為奏效且真正符合受災國人民的迫切需求，這也將成為日後中華民國日後制訂人道援助政策的最佳參考模式。 / With global climate change, natural disasters occur more frequently; therefore, the importance, diversity, urgency and complexity of humanitarian assistance not only become more and more prominent, but also become contemporary universal value. In the 1990s, the United Nations and the European Union reshuffled their humanitarian aid agencies, by unifying Humanitarian Aid Office’s authority, the mechanism of the international humanitarian assistance becomes more complete. Firstly, in January 2010 Haiti was hit by a catastrophic-magnitude earthquake, causing great damages and losses. The international community launched in recent years the largest mobilization for rescue and disaster relief. The essay reviews cross-border cooperation in humanitarian aid for the Haiti earthquake and analyzes the implementation of international humanitarian assistance. A total of more than 30 countries including the United States, United Nations and other 14 international organizations, 37 non-governmental organizations, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, work together to assist the Haitian relief and reconstruction work. Secondly, 134 survivors were rescued by 67 search and rescue teams, also claimed to be the most successful rescue case in past decades. Until February 2012, refuges that lived in the temporary camps are significantly reduced from 1.5 million to 490,000 and the percentage of the progress of the repair and reconstruction of the damaged houses has reached 50%. Instead of the overlap and waste of resources, all the international actors work together to make a great success, thanks to disaster relief experience accumulated in the United Nations over the years. The unified command of the United Nations effectively avoids duplication of relief resources and waste and takes advantage of the prime time in enhancing effectiveness and outcomes of the humanitarian aid. Although the evacuation of the United States’citizens in Haiti and the incident that the U.S. troops were sent to control Haiti International Airport in the relief process result in temporary drawback in the international disaster relief efforts, thus causing international discontent, the intervention of the UN Under-Secretary-General John Holmes helped resolve the issue. This could serve as a good example for United Nations and the international community to carry out humanitarian assistance on disaster relief in the future. Despite the early slight disorder, the whole humanitarian process proceeds with stability in the end. Finally, the humanitarian aid funds of the Republic of China（Taiwan） to the Haiti earthquake, compare with that of the United Nations, the European Union, the United States and other important international non-governmental organizations, are trivial, yet the Republic of China（Taiwan） makes the best use of its advantages and traditional strengths and followed the principles of “small but beautiful”, “small but clever” and “small but good”. The strategy of the implementation of the reconstruction plan of Taiwan, compares with that of the United Nations, the European Union and the United States, seems more effective and truly meets the urgent needs of the victims, which will also serve as the best reference model for Taiwan in the stipulation of its humanitarian aid policy in the future.

The aim of this master thesis is to assess present situation and current aspects of cross-strait relations in the area of mutual negotiation, achieved progress as well as possible future development. First, a brief summary of existing historic development of mutual relations of China and Taiwan is presented with the emphasis laid on historic moments influencing attitude and relations of both states. The main factors that have a significant influence on views and behaviour of both China and Taiwan and on their relationship as well are identified in the next chapter. The last chapter deals with the future of cross-strait relations; the main possible alternatives of prospective development of mutual relations of both sides of the Taiwan Strait with reference to the above mentioned factors are presented. The conclusion summarizes the main problems of current cross-strait relations and it also evaluates which variant of the future development of mutual relations of China and Taiwan is the most probable one.

The purpose of this project is to develop a way of communication between school and parents. It aims to help parents to be more involved in their children's education. One of the main aspects and focus of this project is the analysis of the use of streaming video.

This diploma thesis, entitled "The Geopolitical Importance of the South China Sea", deals with the issue of the South China Sea dispute in view of the economic and strategic importance of the region. The main goal is to analyze the claims of individual countries and to find out whether this dispute has the potential to grow into an armed conflict. The dispute arose from overlapping territorial claims that countries in the region began to make after the end of World War II. This is primarily the case of the various maritime features in the vicinity of which there are considerable reserves of natural resources. It is the interest in securing these resources that is the main issue of the dispute. To this day, this situation has not been resolved and on the contrary it has triggered a response from states outside the region, mainly the United States of America and Japan. In order to achieve the goal of this diploma thesis, the theoretical framework, which is geopolitics and critical geopolitics, is first introduced. Furthermore, the general meaning of seas and oceans with the current legislation is introduced. On this basis, country case studies are conducted with the aim of making a comparative analysis that should clarify the current form of the dispute and the potential of the dispute to grow into...

This diploma thesis is an analysis of Bush and Obama administrations' approach towards Sino-American military relations. The topic of this thesis is the military cooperation between the People's Republic China (PRC) and the United States. The paper analyzes the trends and topics of the military-to-military contacts through the Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) theory. The bilateral relationship between the two countries is the most important relationship in the 21st century and its development has worldwide implications. Historically, there have been multiple points of tension where interests of both countries collided, many of which persisted to be sources of the new unease. The American support to Taiwan through numerous arms-sales, increased Chinese militarization of space, cyberspace and the South China Sea are the main causes of reluctant military-to-military cooperation between the PRC and the U.S. It is vital for the rest of the global community that both superpowers keep an acceptable amount of tensions between their armies and ideally pursue more cooperation than competition. The paper concludes that the Sino-American military relations have gone through an on-and-off pattern during both Bush administrations, mainly due to aforementioned American support for Taiwan, and due to the types...