No description available.

published_or_final_version / English Studies / Master / Master of Arts

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of Chinese

手稿本. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Shou gao ben. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 655-663). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 语音 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 描寫语音 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- 歷史音韻比較 --- p.75 / Chapter 第二章 --- 句子的成份 --- p.115 / Chapter 2.1 --- 主语和謂语　 --- p.117 / Chapter 2.2 --- 宾语 --- p.156 / Chapter 2.3 --- 修饰语 --- p.188 / Chapter 第三章 --- 谓補結構 --- p.213 / Chapter 3.1 --- 結果補语 --- p.216 / Chapter 3.2 --- 狀態補语　 --- p.225 / Chapter 3.3 --- 強化補语　　 --- p.233 / Chapter 3.4 --- 方向補语 --- p.239 / Chapter 3.5 --- 能性補语　 --- p.258 / Chapter 3.6 --- 肯定與否定補语 --- p.267 / Chapter 3.7 --- 重叠式補语 --- p.272 / Chapter 3.8 --- 谓語性補语 --- p.278 / Chapter 3.9 --- 黏附性詞組補语 --- p.290 / Chapter 3.10 --- 謂補結構中的宾语　 --- p.296 / Chapter 第四章 --- 體詞類 --- p.309 / Chapter 4.1 --- 概说 --- p.309 / Chapter 4.2 --- 名词 --- p.314 / Chapter 4.3 --- 專有名称 --- p.322 / Chapter 4.4 --- 地方词 --- p.327 / Chapter 4.5 --- 時间词　 --- p.335 / Chapter 4.6 --- 定词 --- p.341 / Chapter 4.7 --- 位词 --- p.357 / Chapter 4.8 --- 代词 --- p.367 / Chapter 4.9 --- 量词 --- p.383 / Chapter 第五章 --- 谓词類及其他 --- p.391 / Chapter 5.1 --- 谓词 --- p.391 / Chapter 5.2 --- 介词 --- p.473 / Chapter 5.3 --- 副词 --- p.491 / Chapter 5.4 --- 連词 --- p.515 / Chapter 5.5 --- 嘆词 --- p.522 / Chapter 5.6 --- 助词 --- p.527 / Chapter 第六章 --- 外来词 --- p.555 / Chapter 6.1 --- 概说 --- p.555 / Chapter 6.2 --- 外来词的来源 --- p.557 / Chapter 6.3 --- 借用的方式 --- p.563 / Chapter 6.4 --- 语音的对譯　 --- p.571 / Chapter 6.5 --- 词義的變遷　 --- p.598 / Chapter 6.6 --- 文法的適应　 --- p.606 / Chapter 附錄： --- 星加坡閩南話的外來词词彙 --- p.613 / 參攷書及譌文目錄　 --- p.655

手稿本. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Shou gao ben. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [1-8](3rd group)). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / 前言 / Chapter 第一章： --- 詞類 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章： --- 主語和謂語 --- p.39 / Chapter 2.1 --- 主語 --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2 --- 謂語 --- p.70 / Chapter 第三章： --- 修飾語 --- p.86 / Chapter 3.1 --- 定語 --- p.90 / Chapter 3.2 --- 狀語 --- p.108 / Chapter 第四章： --- 賓語 --- p.138 / Chapter 4.1 --- 直接賓語和间接賓語的次序 --- p.147 / Chapter 4.2 --- 冈事實語和普通賓語的次序 --- p.162 / Chapter 4.3 --- 假賓語 --- p.172 / Chapter 4.4 --- 謂賓復合詞的游離化 --- p.174 / Chapter 第五章： --- 謂補結構 --- p.185 / Chapter 5.1 --- 目的補語 --- p.186 / Chapter 5.2 --- 程度補語 --- p.199 / Chapter 5.3 --- 描寫補語 --- p.208 / Chapter 5.4 --- 結果補語 --- p.222 / Chapter 5.5 --- 可能補語 --- p.231 / Chapter 5.6 --- 方向補語 --- p.252 / Chapter 5.7 --- 狀態補語 --- p.272 / Chapter 5.8 --- 強化補語 --- p.278 / Chapter 5.9 --- 回複補語 --- p.285 / Chapter 第六章： --- 連謂式 --- p.290 / Chapter 6.1 --- 一般連謂式 --- p.294 / Chapter 6.2 --- “把´ح字句 --- p.334 / Chapter 第七章： --- “被´ح字句 --- p.365 / Chapter 第八章： --- 謂詞詞尾 --- p.387 / Chapter 第九章： --- 句尾詞 --- p.458

by Lam Sze-sing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-123). / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Statement of Thesis --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of this Thesis --- p.6 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- RELATED WORK --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Overview --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Corpus-Based Knowledge Acquisition --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Linguistic-Based Knowledge Acquisition --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Knowledge Acquisition from Standard Dictionaries --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Knowledge Acquisition from Standard Thesauri --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4 --- Remarks --- p.24 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- A METHOD TO EXTRACT THE INTER-WORD SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIP FROM《同義詞詞林》 --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1 --- Background --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Structure of《《同義詞詞林》 --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Knowledge Representation of a Machine Tractable Thesaurus --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Extracting the Semantic Knowledge by Simple Co-occurrence --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2 --- Association Network --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3 --- Semantic Association Model --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Problems with the Simple Co-occurrence Method --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Methodology of Semantic Association Model --- p.39 / Chapter 3.4 --- Inter-word Semantic Function ..… --- p.51 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- NOUN-VERB-NOUN COMPOUND WORD DETECTION : AN EXPERIMENT --- p.55 / Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2 --- N-V-N Compound Word Detection Model --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3 --- Experimental Results of N-V-N Compound Word Detection --- p.63 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- WORD SENSE DISAMBIGUATION : AN APPLICATION … --- p.66 / Chapter 5.1 --- Overview --- p.67 / Chapter 5.2 --- Word-Sense Disambiguation Model --- p.72 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Linguistic Resource --- p.72 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- The LSD-C Algorithm --- p.73 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- LSD-C in Action --- p.78 / Chapter 5.3 --- Experimental Results of Word Sense Disambiguation --- p.83 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSIONS & FURTHER RESEARCH --- p.93 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusions --- p.93 / Chapter 6.2 --- Further Research --- p.96 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Enriching the Knowledge --- p.96 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Enhancing the N-V-N Compound Word Detection Model --- p.98 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Enhancing the LSD-C Algorithm --- p.99 / APPENDICES --- p.101 / Appendix A - Dependency Grammar --- p.101 / Appendix B - Sample Articles from a Local Chinese Newspaper --- p.104 / Appendix C - Ambiguous Words with the Senses Given by《現代漢語詞 典》 --- p.108 / Appendix D - List of Stop Words for the Testing Samples --- p.117 / REFERENCES --- p.119

Wang Lidi. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 237-244). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 587-597. / by Cheng-Teh James Huang. / Ph.D.

疑問詞語及疑問句是漢語研究的重要方面。傳統研究以及生成語法研究對疑問詞語和疑問句的句法做了大量研究。Feng(1995)指出韻律控制句法是語言的一個重要機制。在此基礎上，本文從韻律─句法接口入手，首次對上古漢語中韻律制約的疑問詞語及句法現象進行綜合的研究。 / 基於韻律的層級結構，本文從三個不同韻律層級探京韻律單位及其對應的韻律規則對疑問詞語及句法的制約作用。 / 第一章首先回顧二十多年來韻律句法學的研究，並對全文的理論背景進行介紹，最後概述本文的研究目的、主要觀點及研究方法。 / 第二章討論韻素音步導致的疑問詞「胡*ga」與「何*gal」的句法對立。本章指出「何*gal」是標準形式，「胡*ga」比「何*gal」少一個韻素/-l/，是特定語音環境下出現的弱化形式。這導致「胡*ga」比「何*gal」受到更多的句法限制。 / 第三章指出上古漢語中雙音節音步導致單雙音節疑問詞在不同的句法位置出現對立。在焦點重音、雙音節音步和核心重音的共同制約下，單音節疑問詞必須與相鄰成分組成雙音節音步。在非論元位置，單音節疑問詞變為雙音節疑問詞。但論元位置疑問詞己與動詞組合為雙音節，因此論元位置的單音節疑問詞沒有變為雙音節。這也導致在歷時演變中，論元位置的疑問詞晚於非論元位置疑問詞進行「雙音化」。 / 第四章集中討論一個重要的疑問結構「何/奚+(以)+XP+為」。本文首次指出狀語「何/奚為」通過「分配删略」生成表層結構「何/奚+(以)+XP+為」。而且本文更進一步指出是語調需要轉化為句末語氣詞的韻律要求迫使「何/奚為」進行「分配删略」。 / 第五章對全文進行總結，指出上述問題的討論，不僅為探索上古漢語特指疑問句的句法生成機制提供了新的材料和現象，而且它們豐富了我們對上古漢語面貌的認識。 / Wh-words and syntax of wh-questions are significant topics in Chinese linuistics.They have received a lot of attention from traditionaland generative studies.Feng (1995) proposed that prosodically-constrained syntax is a crucial mechanism. Based on this hypothesis, this paper will conduct an original and extensive research into phenomena of prosodically-constrained wh-morphology and syntax in Archaic Chines from prosody-syntax interface. / Based on Prosodic Hierachy Theory, this paper will explore different prosodic units and prosodic rules in different hierarchies impose constraints on morphology and syntax of wh-words and wh-questions. / The first chapter will review the history of prosodic-syntax research in the past twenty years, and then introduce the theoretical background of the whole paper. The research purpose, main points and methodology of this paper will be presented in the last section. / The second chapter will discuss the syntactic contrast between HU/*ga/and HE/*gal/ in Archaic Chinese results from the restrictions of bimoraic feet. This paper will argue that HE/*gal/ is analysed as a underlying form while HU/*ga/ represents a weak form. This will induce that HU/*ga/, with only one mora, is more constrictive than HE/*gal/ which has more mora . / The third chapter will point out that disyllabic foot results in the syntactic contrast between monosyllabic and disyllabic wh-words in Archaic Chinese. For the requirements of the focus stress , disyllabic feet and NSR (Nuclear Stress Rule), monosyllabic wh-words, weak forms bearing focus stress, will be substitued for disyllabic forms. Terefore a contrast will emerge between wh-words in argument and non-argument positions. At the same time the substitute will result in the appearance of disyllabicity of wh-words in argument positions is later than ones in non-argument positions through the process of diachronic change. / The fourth chapter will focus on an essential wh-question construction in Archaic Chinese - [HE/XI+(YI)+XP+WEI]. This paper will first propose that adjunct HE/XI generates that structure through the syntactic operation "Distributed Deletion". In addition, we first argue that the syntactic operation is activated by a prosodic request that intonations have to be transformed into sentence-final particls in the intonational phrases. / The fifth chapter will summarize the whole paper. It is suggested that demonstrations above will not only offer some novel phenomena of syntactic mechanisms for wh-questions in Archaic Chinese, but also will offer a distinctive perspective of Archaic Chinese. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 李果. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 247-263). / Abstracts also in English. / Li Guo.

本文重點在於提出框式結構理論的增補原則，指出語義「冗餘」性體現在語義內涵的大小差異，針對同一對象的兩個成份，較具體成份層級高於較抽象成份，這稱為框式結構的「『冗餘』成份假設」。在粤語實際情況中，後置成份是較抽象成份，有較寬廣的語義指稱，前置成份是較具體成份，指稱比較直接。 語例方面，後置的「嚟、住、咋、啫、咁滯」比對應的前置成份更抽象。「嚟」表示過去時，對應的「正話、啱啱」表示一個過去時間點；「住」表示靜態的時間間隔，「暫時」是提供靜態間隔的時段；「咋 、啫 」表示各種限制，「淨係」表示指義限制，「咁滯」約量動態、靜態謂語的狀態，「差唔多」約量動態謂語的達成階段。本文認為以上假設的句法意義在於前置成份層級高於後置成份，前後置成份不一定組成一個狹義的短語，但在展現局部性的孤島內，兩者保持固定層階關係。較具體成份的指稱未定，較抽象成份指稱也不能定下來，這是兩者層階固定的原因。前後置成份的內涵差異跟兩者句法性質有關，前置成份是修飾語。根據傳統方案，後置成份是功能詞短語的中心語，是表示關係的成份 ，而根據最新理論，後置成份是廣義的謂語。按照新近的方案，粤語後置成份的大量出現有其類型學依據，反映更廣泛的語際差異。前後置成份的語義差異，可視為修飾語與中心語或謂語的差異所致。本文最終目標是指出互補作用是上述關係的必然結果，後置成份補充前置成份沒有的語義，前置成份使後置成份未明確的指稱明確化，如「正話、暫時」指出後置成份的時間，「齋、淨係、差唔多」指出後置成份的焦點。粤語前後置成份的共現讓互補作用減少聽話者從語言外推斷語義的需要。從信息角度看，框式結構減輕了理解的負擔。 / The major focus of this thesis is to offer supplementary principles for the theory of discontinuous constructions. It indicates that semantic "redundancy" is embodied in the intensional variation. For the two elements acting upon the same target, the more specific one is at a higher hierarchy level than the more abstract one. This is known as the "Hypothesis for 'Redundant' Elements" with regard to the theory of discontinuous constructions. In the case of Cantonese, the postverbal elements are more abstract and have a wider scope of reference, whereas the preverbal elements are more specific and their reference is more direct. For example, postverbal lai4, zyu6, zaa3, ze1 and gam3zai6 are more abstract than their preverbal counterparts: lai4 indicates the past time, and the corresponding zing3waa6 and ngaam1ngaam1 indicate a past time point; zyu6 indicates a stative time interval, and zaam6si4 offers a duration for this stative interval; zaa3 and ze1 are restrictive in various dimensions, and zing6hai6 indicates restriction in the denotative sense; gam3zai6 approximates on the state of dynamic and stative predicates, and caa1m4do1 approximates on the stage of achievement of dynamic predicates. As for the syntactic implications, it is argued that the preverbal elements are hierarchically higher than the postverbal elements, but they do not necessarily form a phrase in the strict sense. However, within an island exhibiting locality, they have a fixed hierarchical relation. This is because the reference of the more abstract element cannot be determined before the reference of the more specific one is determined. Intensional variation between the preverbal and postverbal elements relates to their syntactic nature. The preverbal element is an adjunct. In accordance with traditional accounts, the postverbal element is the head of a functional phrase indicating relations. In line with the recent theories, the postverbal element is a predicate in the broad sense. The recent proposals explain from the typological perspective the emergence of extensive postverbal elements in Cantonese, which is a reflection of the broader cross-linguistic variation. Semantic differences between preverbal and postverbal elements can be translated as the differences between adjuncts and heads or predicates. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to highlight the certainty of the resulting complementation effect. The postverbal elements offer the missing sense for the preverbal ones, and the preverbal elements specify the underspecified reference of the postverbal ones: zing3waa6 and zaam6si4 indicate the time, whereas zaai1, zing6hai6 and caa1m4do1 indicate the focus. The co-occurrence of Cantonese preverbal and postverbal elements alleviates the necessity for the listeners to infer from outside the language. From the informational point of view, the discontinuous constructions reduce the burden of interpretation. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 鄭兆邦. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 327-346). / Abstracts also in English. / Zheng Zhaobang.