Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Propolis is a resinous material collected by bees from different parts of plants. Both its composition as its biological properties are dependent on factors such as climate, soil, vegetation and species of collecting bees. Propolis has great potential for therapeutic use due to its chemical composition and pharmacological properties. Herein it was determined the contents of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and chemical composition (assessed by HPLC-PAD) of twelve green propolis samples from beekeepers and sixteen commercial propolis extracs from different regions of Southeast Brazil. The antioxidant abilities of the extracts were qualitatively determined through the total phenolic contents using the Folin?Ciocalteau method. Total flavonoids were assessed by the method of complexation with aluminium chloride. The quantitative antioxidant activiti of propolis extracts were determined both by trapping the organic radicals DPPH and ABTS.+ as well by the iron reduction method (FRAP). High pressure liquid chromatography allowed the identification and quantification of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, para-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, vanillin, hesperidin, naringenin, pinobanksin, kaempferol, 4-hydroxy-3,5-diprenyl cinnamic acid (Artepillin-C), kampheride and pinostrobin. Artepillin C, a well known chemical marker of propolis, was present in all propolis extracts analyzed. We highlight that the presence of rosmarinic acid in propolis samples from Rio de Janeiro was reported for the first time in this work. The discrimination between green propolis in natura and commercial green propolis extracts was performed using PCA (Principal Component Analysis) statistical method. The antioxidant capacity in vivo of propolis extracts were evaluated using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as biological system model, assessing important parameters as stress tolerance and lipid peroxidation rate. The antifungal activity of ethanol extracts of propolis in natura were tested against the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporium. / A pr?polis ? um material resinoso coletado pelas abelhas de diferentes partes das plantas, sua composi??o e as suas propriedades biol?gicas dependem do clima, solo, vegeta??o e da esp?cie da abelha. A pr?polis tem grande potencial de aplica??o terap?utica, devido ? sua composi??o e propriedades farmacol?gicas. Nesse trabalho foi determinado o teor de subst?ncias fen?licas, a capacidade antioxidante e composi??o qu?mica por CLAE-DAD de doze amostras de pr?polis verde, adquiridas de apicultores, e dezesseis extratos de pr?polis comerciais, provenientes de diferentes regi?es do Sudeste do Brasil. A capacidade antioxidante dos extratos foi avaliada qualitativamente atrav?s do teor de fen?licos totais, pelo m?todo de Folin?Ciocalteau, e flavonoides pelo m?todo de complexa??o com cloreto de alum?nio. A quantifica??o do potencial antioxidante foi realizada pela captura dos radicais org?nicos DPPH e ABTS.+, al?m do m?todo de redu??o do ?on f?rrico (FRAP). An?lises por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia permitiram a identifica??o e quantifica??o de ?cido clorog?nico, ?cido cafeico, ?cido fer?lico, ?cido para-cum?rico, ?cido rosmar?nico, ?cido 3,5-diprenil-4-hidroxicin?mico (Artepillin C), vanilina, hesperidina, naringenina, pinobanksina, canferol, canferide e pinostrobina. Em todos os extratos de pr?polis analisados foi identificado o Artepillin C, marcador qu?mico para pr?polis verde. Destacamos que neste trabalho foi reportada pela primeira vez a presen?a de ?cido rosmar?nico em pr?polis do Rio de Janeiro. M?todos quimiom?tricos de an?lise explorat?ria, utilizando ?nalise por Componentes Principais foram utilizados para discriminar extratos de pr?polis verde in natura daqueles extratos comerciais. O potencial antioxidante in vivo dos extratos etan?licos de pr?polis foram avaliados utilizando cepas controles de Saccharomyces cerevisiae como modelo de sistema biol?gico e foram avaliados toler?ncia ao estresse e proxida??o lip?dica. A atividade antif?ngica dos extratos etan?licos de pr?polis in natura foram avaliados, e inibiram o crescimento in vitro do fungo fitopat?geno Fusarium oxysporum.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-24T14:13:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Ana Carolina Bello de Souza.pdf: 1911170 bytes, checksum: 62c70571aeb2100b8313dc1ef44eac2b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T14:13:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Ana Carolina Bello de Souza.pdf: 1911170 bytes, checksum: 62c70571aeb2100b8313dc1ef44eac2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / In this work, the theoretical study of the gas-phase bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction, CH3Cl + OH- CH3OH + Cl-, is introduced, aiming the description of the potential energy surface, the calculation of rate constants and the investigation of the effect of increasing the side chain (changing the CH3 radical in the reaction cited above by the radicals ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl e t-butyl). The theoretical calculations have been first performed at the MP2/6-31+G(d) level for the geometry optimizations and vibrational frequencies calculations. Single point calculations at the CCSD(T)/6-31+G(d) level have also been performed in order to improve the total energies for the stationary points. However, the relative energies of these stationary points at both MP2 and CCSD(T) level shown close results, so that the single point calculations at the CCSD(T) level have not been proved strictly necessary and have therefore not been performed for all the points along the potential energy surface. The minimum energy path has been described by the intrinsic reaction coordinate method, calculated at the MP2/6-31+G(d) by performing sequential geometry optimizations starting from the saddle point. The calculated enthalpy difference at 298K for the reaction has been determined as -49.5 kcal/mol, in good agreement with the literature value: -50.5 kcal/mol. The calculated rate constant has been obtained as 1.41 x 10-9 cm3.molecule-1.s-1, at 298,15K, in excellent agreement with the experimental data: 1.3 ? 1.6 x 10-9 cm3.molecule-1.s-1.Moreover, the rate constants show non-Arrhenius behavior, decreasing as the temperature increases, which is consistent with the experimental expectation. In this way, the performance of the variational transition state theory for this reaction can be considered satisfactory. By increasing the side chain of the reactant, other reaction channels have been observed: the bimolecular elimination E2 channel and the attack of the nucleophile from the same plane of the exit group (the front-SN2).For these reactions of the alkyl chlorides on n carbon atoms (1 < n ? 4), the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level has been adopted for geometry optimizations and vibrational frequencies. Then, single point calculations at the CCSD(T)/6-31+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6- 31+G(d,p) level have been performed. A comparison of the reaction channels, back- SN2 and E2, shows that the E2 channel is kinetically favored, whereas the SN2 products are thermodynamically more stable. As expected, high values for the potential height have been observed for the front-SN2, being these channels disfavored in all cases. In general, the energy of the saddle points in respect to the isolated reactants slightly depend upon the size of the side chain. / Este trabalho trata do estudo te?rico das rea??es de substitui??o nucleof?lica de segunda ordem, CH3Cl + OH- CH3OH + Cl-, em fase gasosa, visando estudar a superf?cie de energia potencial, obter as constantes de velocidade e ainda verificando o efeito do aumento da cadeia lateral (trocando o radical CH3 na rea??o descrita acima por radicais etil, n-propil, i-propil, n-butil, s-butil e t-butil). Primeiramente, c?lculos te?ricos para otimiza??es de geometria e frequ?ncia foram realizados em n?vel MP2/6-31+G(d) para a rea??o CH3Cl + OH- CH3OH + Cl- e, em seguida, c?lculos single-point em n?vel CCSD(T)/6-31+G(d) foram realizados para corrigir os valores da energia eletr?nica dos pontos estacion?rios obtidos no caminho de rea??o. Entretanto, os valores obtidos para as energias relativas em n?veis MP2 e CCSD(T) foram muito pr?ximos, n?o sendo estritamente necess?rio refinar,atrav?s de c?lculos single-point em n?vel CCSD(T)/6- 31+G(d),os valores de energia de todos os pontos obtidos na superf?cie de energia potencial. O caminho de rea??o menor energia foi descrito pela coordenada de rea??o intr?nseca, calculada por otimiza??es de geometrias de uma sequ?ncia de configura??es ao redor do ponto de sela em n?vel MP2/6-31+G(d). A diferen?a de entalpia a 298K calculada para a rea??o foi de -49,5 kcal/mol, em bom acordo com o dado da literatura, -50,5 kcal/mol. A constante de velocidade da rea??o obtida foi de 1,41 x 10-9 cm3.mol?cula-1.s-1, a 298,15K, em excelente acordo com o dado experimental: 1,3 ? 1,6 x 10-9 cm3.mol?cula-1.s-1. Al?m disso, as constantes de velocidade globais apresentam comportamento n?o-Arrhenius, diminuindo conforme a temperatura aumenta, em um perfil consistente com a observa??o experimental. Dessa forma, a aplica??o da teoria de estado de transi??o se mostra satisfat?ria para essa rea??o. A partir do aumento da cadeia lateral, outros canais de rea??o foram observados, em prov?vel competi??o ? substitui??o nucleof?lica de ordem 2: a elimina??o de segunda ordem, E2. O ataque do nucle?filo pela frente da cadeia tamb?m foi obtido e investigado. Para as rea??es dos cloretos de alquila com cadeia lateral de n carbonos (1 < n ? 4), o n?vel B3LYP/6- 31+G(d,p) foi adotado para c?lculos de otimiza??es e frequ?ncias. Posteriormente, c?lculos em n?vel CCSD(T)/6-31+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) foram realizados. Comparando os canais de rea??o de substitui??o nucleof?lica back e de elimina??o, o canal cineticamente favorecido foi o de elimina??o, por?m os produtos termodinamicamente mais est?veis s?o os de substitui??o nucleof?lica. Como esperado, observa-se uma barreira de potencial muito alta para as rea??es substitui??o pela frente, sendo esses canais desfavorecidos em todos os casos.Em geral, a diferen?a de energia dos pontos de sela em rela??o aos reagentes isolados mostra pequena depend?ncia com o aumento da cadeia lateral linear

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-11T13:41:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Edlene Ribeiro Prud?ncio.pdf: 1465673 bytes, checksum: 5714fb486b0694f0e6ac0482d5b775a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-11T13:41:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Edlene Ribeiro Prud?ncio.pdf: 1465673 bytes, checksum: 5714fb486b0694f0e6ac0482d5b775a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04 / Honey and propolis are produced by bees from the nectar and sap collected from plants. In the process, the phenolic compounds derived from secondary metabolism of plants are incorporated into the products mentioned. Honey and propolis samples from multiple regions have been characterized and phenolic compounds can be divided into: hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids and glycosylated flavonoids. In the literature, there is no consensus among the authors about the values for in vitro antioxidant activity. Moreover, these methods do not represent physiological conditions such as concentration of substrates and metabolites interaction. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an alternative tool for a biological assays, since it is similar to mammalian cells. The main goal of this study is to compare the antioxidant potential of different phenolic compounds classes using representatives morin, rutin, chlorogenic acid and syringic acid in control strains (BY4741) and mutant (?sod1 and ?gsh1) of S. cerevisiae. They were evaluated in dose-dependent toxicity, stress tolerance, and lipid peroxidation. All tested phenolic compounds were effective in reducing intracellular oxidative damage, especially the chlorogenic acid in the control strain. When compared to stressed cells, it promoted 75% increase on cell survival rates, compared with 57% on average for the other treatments; and 60% decrease in levels of lipid peroxidation, compared to reductions close to 47% with other treatments. In mutant strains, all compounds presented similar results. Thus, two components of the class hydroxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) were tested comparatively. Both acted as an antioxidant in S. cerevisiae, however CAPE was the most toxic substance promoting the most significant increase on reduced glutathione levels among hydroxycinnamic derivatives. This result supports some related research that claims phenolic compounds protectection is related to activation of the antioxidant system as xenobiotic action of these substances / O mel e a pr?polis s?o produzidos por abelhas, a partir da coleta de n?ctar e seiva das plantas. No processo, os compostos fen?licos oriundos do metabolismo secund?rio dos vegetais s?o incorporados aos produtos mencionados. Amostras de mel e pr?polis de diferentes regi?es foram caracterizadas e o conte?do de compostos fen?licos pode ser dividido em: derivados do ?cido hidroxibenzoico, derivados do ?cido hidroxicin?mico, flavonoides e flavonoides glicosilados. Na literatura, valores de atividade antioxidante in vitro descritos divergem consideravelmente entre os autores. Al?m disso, os m?todos in vitro (DPPH, ABTS, FRAPP, dentre outros) n?o representam condi??es fisiol?gicas como concentra??o de substratos e intera??o de metab?litos. A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisie ? uma ferramenta para ensaio biol?gico, uma vez que apresenta elevada semelhan?a com c?lulas de mam?feros superiores no sistema de defesa antioxidante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o potencial antioxidante de diferentes classes de compostos fen?licos, utilizando os representantes morina, rutina, ?cido sir?ngico e clorog?nico em cepas controle (BY4741) e mutantes (?sod1 e ?gsh1) de S. cerevisiae. Foram avaliados toxidez dose-dependente, toler?ncia ao estresse e peroxida??o lip?dica. Todos os compostos fen?licos testados foram efetivos em reduzir danos oxidativos intracelulares, com destaque para o ?cido clorog?nico na cepa controle. Quando comparado ?s c?lulas estressadas, este promoveu aumentos de 75% de sobreviv?ncia, contra 57% em m?dia dos demais tratamentos; e diminui??o de 60% em n?veis de peroxida??o lip?dica, contra redu??o pr?xima a 47% dos demais tratamentos. Nas cepas mutantes, todas as subst?ncias tiveram resultados semelhantes entre si. Desta forma, outros dois componentes da classe do ?cido hidroxicin?mico, ?cido cafeico e ?ster fenet?lico do ?cido cafeico (CAPE), foram testados comparativamente. Ambos atuaram como antioxidante em S. cerevisiae, entretanto CAPE foi a subst?ncia mais t?xica e tamb?m a que promoveu aumento mais significativo de glutationa reduzida dentre os derivados hidroxicin?micos. Esse resultado corrobora com dados de estudos que apontam que a atividade protetora dos compostos fen?licos est? relacionada a ativa??o do sistema antioxidante por a??o xenobi?tica dessas subst?ncias

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-15T11:16:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Maria Clara Adum de paiva.pdf: 2279180 bytes, checksum: d1de128b3d5f5984c844a68538cd255e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-15T11:16:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Maria Clara Adum de paiva.pdf: 2279180 bytes, checksum: d1de128b3d5f5984c844a68538cd255e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The demand for electricity production, and the need for thermoelectric use as power generating units, makes it necessary to search for less polluting matrices. In this search the catalytic combustion of methane, both from natural gas and other sources (residue disposal, for example) have shown promising. It is known the use of cobalt oxides is an alternative to the use of catalysts based on noble metals which has shown high performance. In order to potentiate the activity of the cobalt based catalyst, thus reducing both the ignition temperature and the temperature of total burning of methane, this work proposes the production of cobalt-based precursors using different types of layered double hydroxides (LDHs). Cobalt based catalysts partially substituted in layered double hydroxides (LDH Mg, Al and CO32-) were prepared by co-precipitation and impregnation with a nominal content of 9% CoII in LDH, or by impregnating a commercial hydrotalcite (HT). The LDH precursors were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD patterns indicated a LDH of 3R polytype. XRD showed the presence of Gibbisite in the HT precursor. The infrared spectra of precursor LDHs presented bands related to ?1, ?2 and ?3 vibrations of the carbonate anion, and interlayer water characteristic bands, thus in line with the XRD data. Analysis by XRD of the catalysts after calcination at 800 ?C showed the presence of periclase and spinel phases. Infrared spectra showed bands ascribed to the Mg-O and Co-O stretching in tetrahedral and octahedral sites as well as bands attributed to the Mg-O-Al bond and the cobalt spinel. The catalytic activity of these materials was investigated in the catalytic combustion of methane under kinetic regime, using predetermined reaction conditions to avoid diffusional limitations, resulting in a significant decrease in the combustion temperature, with the higher activity observed for the catalyst prepared by impregnating a commercial HT. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitative chemical analysis (EDS) of catalysts with improved performance show both the homogeneous dispersion of the components in the sample surface and the higher aluminum content of the sample supported on HT. / A demanda de produ??o de energia el?trica, e a necessidade do uso de termel?tricas como unidades geradoras de energia, fazem com que seja necess?ria a busca por matrizes menos poluentes. Nessa busca a combust?o catal?tica do metano, tanto proveniente do g?s natural como de outras fontes (res?duo do tratamento de lixo, por exemplo), tem se mostrado promissora. Sabidamente o uso de ?xidos de cobalto ? uma alternativa, que vem mostrando alto desempenho, ao uso de catalisadores a base de metais nobres. Com o intuito de potencializar a atividade do catalisador a base de cobalto, reduzindo assim tanto a temperatura de igni??o quanto a de queima total do metano, esse trabalho prop?e sua produ??o utilizando como precursor diferentes tipos de hidr?xidos duplos lamelares (HDLs). Catalisadores ? base de cobalto parcialmente substitu?dos em hidr?xidos duplos lamelares (HDL de Mg, Al e CO32-) foram preparados por co-precipita??o e impregna??o num teor nominal de 9% de CoII em HDL, ou por impregna??o em hidrotalcita comercial (HT). Os HDLs precursores foram caracterizados por difra??o de raios?X pelo m?todo de p? (DRX) e por espectroscopia de absor??o no infravermelho (FTIR). Os difratogramas indicaram a obten??o de um HDL de politipo 3R. Por meio do DRX foi identificada a presen?a de Gibbisita no suporte de HT. Os espectros de infravermelho dos HDLs precursores presentaram bandas referentes ?s vibra??es ?1, ?2 e ?3 do ?nion carbonato, al?m de bandas caracter?sticas de ?gua interlamelar, estando portanto de acordo com os dados de DRX. A an?lise por difra??o de raios-X dos catalisadores ap?s calcina??o a 800?C mostrou apenas as fases espin?lio e pericl?sio. Os espectros de infravermelho apresentaram bandas atribu?das aos estiramentos Mg?O e Co?O em s?tios tetra?dricos e octa?dricos, assim como bandas caracter?sticas de Mg?O?Al e de Co3O4. A atividade catal?tica desses materiais foi investigada na combust?o catal?tica do metano, em regime cin?tico, empregando-se condi??es reacionais preestabelecidas de forma a evitar limita??es difusionais, obtendo-se uma significativa diminui??o na temperatura de combust?o, sendo que a maior atividade foi observada para o catalisador preparado por impregna??o em HT comercial. Foi realizada microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e an?lise qu?mica quantitativa (EDS) para os catalisadores com melhor desempenho, mostrando tanto a dispers?o homog?nea dos componentes na superf?cie das amostras como o maior teor de alum?nio presente na amostra suportada em HT.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-30T11:30:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Anildo Gon?alves Pinto.pdf: 741613 bytes, checksum: 77ce20085faa9d488f526c25e4d6127c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T11:30:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Anildo Gon?alves Pinto.pdf: 741613 bytes, checksum: 77ce20085faa9d488f526c25e4d6127c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / We recognize the importance of an educational material as encouragers and contributors instruments of teaching. In this work, we conducted a historical survey of an educational material in Brazil, their relevance and contribution to the mathematics teaching and other fields of knowledge. As a contribution to the mathematics teaching, an educational mathematic text material was prepared whose main contents discuss about numerical sequences. In the next pages, will be presented an analysis of the research conducted with students and teachers from a public school located in Nil?polis city. / Reconhecemos a import?ncia dos livros paradid?ticos como instrumentos colaboradores e incentivadores do ensino. Neste trabalho fizemos um levantamento hist?rico dos livros paradid?ticos no Brasil, sua relev?ncia e contribui??o para o ensino de matem?tica e outras ?reas do conhecimento. Como contribui??o para o ensino de matem?tica, elaboramos um texto paradid?tico de matem?tica tendo como conte?do principal, sequ?ncias num?ricas. Apresentamos a an?lise da pesquisa realizada com discentes e docentes do ensino m?dio de uma escola estadual do munic?pio de Nil?polis

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-18T11:50:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Frances Regiane dos Santos.pdf: 3889746 bytes, checksum: 193cd2f941ca3560b1dd12601120624e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-18T11:50:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Frances Regiane dos Santos.pdf: 3889746 bytes, checksum: 193cd2f941ca3560b1dd12601120624e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The Myrtaceae family comprises more than 3,500 species, which are widely distributed on all continents (except Antarctica). The chemical diversity and the biological potential of essential oils extracted from fresh leaves of Myrtaceae species cultivated in the Botanical Garden of UFRRJ were described. Six different species were studied: Eugenia uniflora L. (?pitanga?), Eugenia brasiliensis L. (?grumixama?), Psidium cattleianum Sabine (?ara???), Psidium guajava L. (?goiaba?), Syzygium cumini (?jamel?o?) and Syzygium malaccense (L.) (?jambo?). Chemical, statistical and biological methods were used, with the aid of chromatographic analysis (GC-FID and GC-MS), chemometrics (PCA and HCA statistical analysis) and biological activities (larvicide, trypanocidal, fungicidal and antioxidant) to determine these essencial oils. The essential oil of species E. uniflora L, E. brasiliensis, P.cattleianum and P. guajava showed mainly sesquiterpenes in its compositions, while the oil from S. cumini was rich in monoterpenes and S. malaccense presented, mostly, chemical constituents not derived isoprene metabolites.. The chemometric analysis of GC-MS data of the oils extracted from leaves of six species, discriminated three groups of essential oils, according to the similarity of the composition of volatile components for each species. Specifically, for the P.cattleianum and P. guajava data, the ?-caryophyllene and ?-humuleno constituents could be considered markers of Psidium genus. The biological results suggested that the essential oils of the species studied were effective as they showed larvicide and fungicidal activity . The essential oil of E. uniflora and its isolated furanodiene showed antioxidant activity, with the TBARS method, and also showed potential anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity, which suggests that both are an interesting alternative to combat infectious diseases such as Chagas disease / A fam?lia Myrtaceae compreende mais de 3.500 esp?cies, que est?o amplamente distribu?das por todos os continentes (exceto Ant?rtida). Este trabalho descreve a diversidade qu?mica e o potencial biol?gico dos ?leos essenciais extra?dos de folhas frescas de esp?cies de Myrtaceae cultivadas no Jardim Bot?nico da UFRRJ. Seis esp?cies diferentes foram estudadas: Eugenia uniflora L.(pitangueira), Eugenia brasiliensis Lam (grumixameira), Psidium cattleianum Sabine (ara?azeiro), Psidium guajava L. (goiabeira), Syzygium cumini (jameleiro) e Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry (jambeiro vermelho). Os seus ?leos essenciais foram extra?dos por hidrodestila??o e avaliados com o aux?lio de an?lises cromatogr?ficas (CG-DIC e CG-EM), quimiometria (utilizando An?lise de Componentes Principais - ACP e An?lise de Agrupamentos Hier?rquicos ? AAH) e atrav?s de atividades biol?gicas (larvicida, tripanocida, fungicida e antioxidante). O ?leo essencial das esp?cies E. uniflora L, E. brasiliensis P.cattleianum e P. guajava apresentou, principalmente, sesquiterpenos em sua composi??o, enquanto o ?leo de S. cumini foi rico em monoterpenos e o de S. malaccense apresentou constituintes qu?micos n?o oriundos de metab?litos do isopreno. Os resultados obtidos atrav?s da quantifica??o e identifica??o qu?mica dos ?leos essenciais por Cromatografia em Fase Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (CG-EM) aplicadas ?s an?lises quimiom?tricas permitiu discriminar tr?s agrupamentos de ?leos essenciais, de acordo com a similaridade na composi??o de constituintes vol?teis para cada esp?cie. Especificamente para P. cattleianum e P. guajava os constituintes ?-cariofileno e ?-humuleno foram considerados os marcadores do g?nero Psidium. Para os ensaios biol?gicos realizados, os resultados obtidos com os ?leos essenciais das esp?cies estudadas mostraram-se eficazes quanto ? atividade larvicida e fungicida. O ?leo essencial de E. uniflora e o furanodieno isolado apresentaram atividade antioxidante pelo m?todo TBARS, e tamb?m apresentaram potencial atividade tripanocida, sugerindo que ambos sejam uma alternativa interessante para combater doen?as parasit?rias como a doen?a de Chagas

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-18T17:45:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Isabel Matos de Fraga.pdf: 5201934 bytes, checksum: 6bbaeba09901aea4cbaa9f69dbb0402e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-18T17:45:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Isabel Matos de Fraga.pdf: 5201934 bytes, checksum: 6bbaeba09901aea4cbaa9f69dbb0402e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. / The researches on recycling of industrial wastes has been stepped up around the world to enhance the quality of the recycled product and provide greater efficiency of the productive system. The recycling of plastic materials has also grown in recent years, with Brazil improving its market position. In this way, this work aimed the development of composite materials using as a matrix, the low density polyethylene recycled (PEBDrec), chemical treated with oxidizing agents and, as fillers, E-cat and waste of scale. The PEBDrec was treated with oxidizing agent in order to cause modifications over its chemical structure and to improve compatibility with the residues of scale and E-cat. Were produced composites of PEBDrec treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and scale; PEBDrec treated with hydrogen peroxide and E-cat; PEBDrec treated with potassium permanganate (KmnO4) and scale and PEBDrec treated with potassium permanganate and E-cat. Were also obtained composites of PEBDrec untreated and mixed with scale or E-cat, to evaluate the action of the oxidizing agent in the compatibility between fillers that were used and the polymer matrix. The results obtained by the analysis of FTIR, XDR, TGA, SEM and mechanicals tests presented that the composites of PEBDrec treated with oxidizing agents showed a good interaction between the dispersed phase and the polymer matrix in comparison to composites PEBDrec without chemical treatment, and this compatibility was better for the lowest proportions. But this good interaction resulted in a decrease of thermal stability of composites in relation to the polymer matrix. It was also observed that the oxidizing agent KMnO4 was more effective in increasing the compatibility between the polymer and the E-cat, while the oxidizing agent H2O2 acted more strongly on increasing the compatibility between the polymer and scale. The composites of PEBDrec untreated, compared to the composites of PEBDrec treated with H2O2 and treated with KMnO4 , had a lower water absorption, indicating that chemical treatment was effective to modify the structure of the polymer, inducing the surface to a greater polarity, giving the chemical treated composites of PEBDrec a higher affinity to water. However a material more mechanical resistant was obtained just with the untreated polymer. The incorporation of the charges in the polymer matrix did not change the density of the material composites, indicating that despite of these materials be crystalline, they present low density, being possible to be used in civil construction. / As pesquisas sobre a reciclagem de res?duos industriais v?m sendo intensificadas em todo o mundo a fim de aumentar a qualidade do produto reciclado e propiciar maior efici?ncia do sistema produtivo. O reaproveitamento de materiais pl?sticos tamb?m tem crescido nos ?ltimos anos, com o Brasil melhorando seu posicionamento no mercado. Nesse sentido, essa disserta??o objetivou o desenvolvimento de materiais comp?sitos utilizando como matriz, o polietileno de baixa densidade reciclado (PEBDrec), tratado quimicamente com agentes oxidantes e como cargas, res?duos de Carepa e E-cat. O PEBDrec foi submetido a tratamento com agentes oxidantes com o objetivo de causar modifica??es na sua estrutura qu?mica e, propiciar uma melhoria na compatibilidade com os res?duos de carepa e E-cat. Foram produzidos comp?sitos de PEBDrec tratado com per?xido de hidrog?nio (H2O2) e carepa; PEBDrec tratado com per?xido de hidrog?nio e E-cat; PEBDrec tratado com permanganato de pot?ssio (KMnO4) e carepa e PEBDrec tratado com permanganato de pot?ssio e E-cat. Tamb?m foram obtidos comp?sitos de PEBDrec n?o tratado misturado a carepa ou E-cat, para avaliar a a??o do agente oxidante na compatibilidade entre a matriz polim?rica e as cargas utilizadas. Os resultados obtidos pelas an?lises de FTIR, DRX, TGA, MEV e ensaios mec?nicos mostraram que os comp?sitos de PEBDrec tratado com os agentes oxidantes apresentaram uma boa intera??o entre a fase dispersa e a matriz polim?rica em compara??o aos comp?sitos de PEBDrec sem o tratamento qu?mico, e essa compatibilidade foi melhor para as menores propor??es. Por?m, essa boa intera??o acarretou em uma diminui??o da estabilidade t?rmica dos comp?sitos, em rela??o a matriz polim?rica. Tamb?m foi poss?vel observar que o agente oxidante KMnO4 foi mais eficaz no aumento da compatibilidade entre o pol?mero e o E-cat, enquanto que o agente oxidante H2O2 atuou mais fortemente no aumento da compatibilidade entre o pol?mero e a carepa. Os comp?sitos de PEBDrec n?o tratado, em compara??o aos comp?sitos de PEBDrec tratados com H2O2 e tratados com KMnO4, apresentaram uma menor absor??o de ?gua, indicando que o tratamento qu?mico foi eficaz para modificar a estrutura do pol?mero deixando sua superf?cie com maior polaridade e conferindo aos comp?sitos de PEBDrec tratado quimicamente uma maior afinidade pela ?gua. Por?m um material mais resistente mecanicamente s? foi obtido com o pol?mero n?o tratado. A incorpora??o das cargas na matriz polim?rica praticamente n?o alterou a densidade desses materiais comp?sitos, indicando que apesar de eles serem materiais cristalinos, eles apresentam baixa densidade, sendo poss?vel suas aplica??es no ramo da constru??o civil.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-11T11:55:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Nelson Rangel Coutinho Neto.pdf: 1017081 bytes, checksum: 48847c819281a97d7502570c6852b27b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-11T11:55:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Nelson Rangel Coutinho Neto.pdf: 1017081 bytes, checksum: 48847c819281a97d7502570c6852b27b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The Descriptive Geometry had its origin during the Napoleonic Age through the mathematician Gaspard Monge. It arrived in Brazil in the early nineteenth century by imposition of D. Jo?o VI. It excelled mainly as part of the curriculum of higher education courses such as Engineering, Architecture and Arts discipline. In high school, teaching Descriptive Geometry is almost extinct, being restricted to only a few more traditional institutions. However, Descriptive Geometry is closely related to the Space Geometry, Analytical Geometry and Differential and Integral Calculus, so that its application in middle school will be of fundamental contribution to the learning of other geometric concepts / A Geometria Descritiva teve sua origem durante a Era Napole?nica atrav?s do matem?tico Gaspard Monge. Chegou ao Brasil no in?cio do s?culo XIX por imposi??o de D. Jo?o VI. Destacou-se basicamente como disciplina integrante de curr?culos de cursos superiores, tais como Engenharia, Arquitetura e Artes. No ensino m?dio, o ensino da Geometria Descritiva est? praticamente extinto, ficando restrito apenas a algumas institui??es mais tradicionais. Entretanto, a Geometria Descritiva se relaciona intimamente com a Geometria Espacial, a Geometria Anal?tica e os C?lculos Diferencial e Integral, de maneira que sua aplica??o no ensino m?dio poder? contribuir para o aprendizado de outros conceitos geom?tricos

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-18T11:33:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Jo?o M?rcio Sutana Alvim.pdf: 4276113 bytes, checksum: 115487153abb7bab43e2a012959a64e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-18T11:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Jo?o M?rcio Sutana Alvim.pdf: 4276113 bytes, checksum: 115487153abb7bab43e2a012959a64e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / In the classic set of unit operations of solid-liquid separation, sedimentation and filtration techniques stand out as critical processing steps for a broad spectrum of industrial activities. In this context, the proper knowledge of the properties and characteristics of the particulate systems directly involved represents an important aspect for the safe and efficient design of equipment and processes. Over the past 20 years, several methodologies were developed to study such phenomena, resulting in a huge library of sedimentation and filtration models available in the literature. This work presents a study based on the use of a particle-scale numerical simulation technique called Discrete Element Method (DEM), to describe the deposition of particulate solids in liquids. Tridimensional simulations of the sedimentation and filtration processes were carried out in a previously known flow field, as a way to test the applicability of the code and its capacity to virtually describe such processes. Cake properties, such as thickness, porosity and permeability were quantified over time and compared qualitatively and quantitatively with literature data. The effects of operational conditions, solids and liquid properties on the particulate model?s response were also investigated through a series of controlled numerical tests. The packing fraction values obtained in this work for the sedimentation process, when compared to the values found in the literature on similar conditions, showed a satisfactory agreement, with deviations smaller than 12% for all the points assessed / Dentro do conjunto cl?ssico das opera??es unit?rias de separa??o s?lido?l?quido, as t?cnicas de sedimenta??o e filtra??o se destacam como etapas de processamento cruciais para um amplo espectro de atividades da ind?stria. Neste contexto, o conhecimento adequado das propriedades e caracter?sticas dos sistemas particulados diretamente envolvidos representa um aspecto importante para o projeto seguro e eficiente de equipamentos e processos. Ao longo dos ?ltimos 20 anos, diversas metodologias foram desenvolvidas para estudar tais fen?menos, resultando em uma ampla biblioteca de modelos de sedimenta??o e filtra??o dispon?vel na literatura. O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo baseado no uso da simula??o num?rica em escala de part?cula, atrav?s do M?todo de Elementos Discretos ou DEM (do ingl?s ?Discrete Element Method?), para descrever a deposi??o de s?lidos particulados em suspens?es. Foram realizadas simula??es da sedimenta??o e filtra??o em tr?s dimens?es como forma de testar o funcionamento do c?digo e a sua capacidade de reproduzir virtualmente tais processos. As propriedades da torta, tais como espessura, porosidade e permeabilidade foram quantificadas ao longo do tempo e comparadas qualitativa e quantitativamente com dados da literatura. A sensibilidade do modelo desenvolvido a varia??es nas condi??es operacionais de simula??o e nas propriedades f?sicas do s?lido e do l?quido tamb?m foi analisada. Os dados de fra??o de s?lidos obtidos nas simula??es da sedimenta??o apresentaram uma concord?ncia satisfat?ria, quando comparados aos valores encontrados na literatura em condi??es similares, apresentando desvios menores do que 12% para todos os pontos avaliados.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-05T11:53:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Leticia Silotti Zampirolli.pdf: 25893124 bytes, checksum: bd44115917dd331e511dc65cd22738a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-05T11:53:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Leticia Silotti Zampirolli.pdf: 25893124 bytes, checksum: bd44115917dd331e511dc65cd22738a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. / A series of new dialkylphosphorylhydrazones (phosphorohydrazidic acid, N?-[1,2-dihydro-2- oxo-(R1)-3H-indole-3-iliden]- dialkyl esters was synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR and mass spectroscopy. These dialkylphosphorylhydrazones were synthesized in three steps. The first step involved the synthesis of different dialkylphosphites which are obtained by the reaction of PCl3 with three mols of the corresponding alcohols. The second step consisted of the reaction between the dialkylphosphites and hydrazine in a two phase system, leading to the formation of the dialkylphosphorylhydrazines. Finally, the last step was the condensation of these dialkylphosphorylhydrazines with different N-substituted isatins. The analysis of the 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectra showed the existence of the two possible diastereoisomers E and Z for compounds 1, 2, 6, 10 and 12, while for the remaining compounds only the Z isomer is present. Ten of these compounds were preliminarily tested for their inhibition potential against two protozoa (Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis). All compounds tested showed cell proliferation inhibition of 98% at 50 ?M for Leishmania amazonensis, whereas for T. cruzi, inhibition of epimastigote cell proliferation was found to be higher than 75% for all compounds tested except 6, which showed a 59% inhibition. These ten compounds were also evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum, affording inhibitions higher than 90% for a 1mM concentration. These compounds were also investigated for their fungicidal activity against phytopatogenic Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. Compounds 9 and 11 showed a miscelial growth inhibition of 58% for Rhizoctonia solani while compound 12 afforde a 72% inhibition. Compounds 1, 2, 11 and 12 gave Fusarium oxysporum inhibition higher than 52%. Finally, the compounds synthesized were also evaluated for their inhibitory potential against lettuce seed germination and it was observed that the same compounds which showed fungicidal activity were not able to inhibit seed germination. / Uma s?rie de 16 dialquilfosforilidrazonas (?cido fosforoidraz?dico, N? -[1,2-diidro-2-oxo-(R1)- 3H- indol-3-ilideno] -, ?ster de dialquila), sendo todas in?ditas, foram sintetizadas e caracterizadas pelas t?cnicas de espectrometria de IV, RMN de 1H, RMN de 13C, RMN de 31P e massas. As novas dialquilfosforilidrazonas foram sintetizadas em tr?s etapas de rea??o. A primeira etapa consistiu na s?ntese de diferentes fosfitos de dialquila que foram obtidos atrav?s da rea??o do tricloreto de f?sforo (PCl3) com tr?s mols do ?lcool correspondente. Na segunda etapa, a rea??o dos fosfitos de dialquila com a hidrazina, em um sistema bif?sico, levou ? forma??o das dialquilfosforilidrazinas. A ?ltima etapa foi a condensa??o destas dialquilfosforilidrazinas com diferentes isatinas substitu?das. A an?lise dos espectros de RMN de 1H, RMN de 13C, RMN de 31P das dialquilfosforilidrazonas mostraram a coexist?ncia dos dois poss?veis diastereois?meros E e Z, para os compostos 1, 2, 6, 10 e 12, enquanto que para os compostos restantes observou-se apenas o diastereois?mero Z. Dos compostos sintetizados, dez foram avaliados preliminarmente quanto ao potencial inibit?rio de prolifera??o de dois protozo?rios (Trypanosoma cruzi e Leishmania amazonensis). Para Leishmania amazonensis todos os compostos testados apresentaram inibi??o da prolifera??o celular de 98 % a 50 ?M. Enquanto que para T.cruzi verificou-se inibi??o da prolifera??o celular de epimastigotas superior a 75% para todos compostos testados, a exce??o do composto (6) cuja inibi??o foi de 59 %. Esses dez compostos tamb?m foram avaliados frente ao protozo?rio Plasmodium falciparum apresentando inibi??o superior a 90 % para todos os compostos testados, a uma concentra??o de 1mM. Essas dialquilfosforilidrazonas tamb?m tiveram a a??o fungicida avaliada frente aos fungos fitopatog?nicos (Rhizoctonia solani e Fusarium oxysporum). Em Rhizoctonia solani os compostos (9) e (11) apresentaram inibi??o do crescimento miscelial de 58 %, j? o composto (12) apresentou inibi??o de 72%. Para o Fusarium oxysporum destacaram-se os compostos (1, 2, 11 e 12) com inibi??o superior a 52 %. Esses compostos tamb?m foram avaliados quanto ao potencial inibit?rio de germina??o em sementes de alface e verificouse que os mesmos compostos que apresentaram efeitos fungist?ticos, n?o inibiram a germina??o de sementes de alface.