Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-03-20T12:04:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Alexandre dos Santos Medeiros.pdf: 2286456 bytes, checksum: 842836833d5eee132ccb1326d56f697c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-20T12:04:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Alexandre dos Santos Medeiros.pdf: 2286456 bytes, checksum: 842836833d5eee132ccb1326d56f697c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / he different environmental conditions promoted by geomorphological changes, make the recovery of forest ecosystems of the Atlantic Forest challenging. In the southern state of Rio de Janeiro, where there are the semideciduous seasonal forests, degradation promoted during the coffee cycle and the current urban sprawl, restricted the seasonal forests to small fragments, responsible for ground cover, water harvesting, shelter for native fauna and representation of regional floristic diversity. Such fragments occur on geomorphological landforms variations called concave and convex, able to determine the behavior of surface water and influence the ecological dynamics of plant communities occurring. Studies to date do not allow to determine specific environmental standards between landforms, as only relate the soil variations catenary gradient and its influence on the distribution of species. Thus, it is necessary to formulate a replicable design, able to identify edaphic and microclimatic standards specific to the concave and convex landforms, and determine its influence on the distribution of species. To this end, we selected three concave landforms and three convex to perform the study, and installed 54 plots of 100m2 each landform. In each plot were collected for the phytosociological study, the diameter and height of tree species with DAP?5cm. The phytosociological parameters were calculated diversity indices, floristic similarity the sample sufficiency and compared the structural means by 5% Levene test. In each plot, soil samples were collected at depths of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm, totaling 108 samples composed of five single samples, used for grain size analysis and chemical soil fertility. The pattern of distribution of species was correlated with soil and microclimate variables of each landform simultaneously with the aid of multivariate analysis reductional (Multivariate Factor Analysis, PCA), ordenativas (Canonical Correlation Analysis and Canonical Correspondence) and agglomerative (Hierarchical Cluster). The results indicate subtle differences between soil conditions and a specific microclimate between landforms, capable of influencing the distribution of specific groups of species, however, without characterizing the formation of different plant communities. Considering the specific environmental conditions of each landform, the main variables that coordinate and species related to these conditions, it was possible to offer technical support for recupara??o of degraded and disturbed areas, as well as the enrichment of Forest ecosystems fragments of Atlantic Forest / As diferentes condi??es ambientais promovidas por varia??es geomorfol?gicas, tornam a recupera??o de ecossistemas florestais da Floresta Atl?ntica um grande desafio. Na regi?o Sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, onde ocorrem as Florestas Estacionais Semideciduais, a degrada??o promovida durante o ciclo do caf? e o atual crescimento urbano desordenado, restringiram as Florestas Estacionais a pequenos fragmentos, respons?veis pela cobertura do solo, capta??o de ?gua, abrigo para fauna nativa e representa??o da diversidade flor?stica regional. Tais fragmentos ocorrem sobre varia??es geomorfol?gicas denominadas pedoformas c?ncavas e convexas, capazes de determinar o comportamento das ?guas superficiais e influenciar a din?mica ecol?gica das comunidades vegetais ocorrentes. Estudos realizados at? o momento n?o permitem determinar padr?es ambientais espec?ficos entre pedoformas, pois relacionam apenas as varia??es ed?ficas ao gradiente caten?rio e sua influ?ncia sobre a distribui??o das esp?cies. Desta forma, faz-se necess?ria a formula??o de um delineamento replic?vel, capaz de identificar padr?es ed?ficos e microclim?ticos espec?ficos para as pedoformas c?ncavas e convexas, al?m de determinar sua influ?ncia sobre a distribui??o das esp?cies. Para tal, foram selecionadas tr?s pedoformas c?ncavas e tr?s convexas para realiza??o do estudo, sendo instaladas 54 parcelas de 100m2 em cada pedoforma. Em cada parcela foram coletados, para o estudo fitossociol?gico, o di?metro e altura das esp?cies arb?reas com DAP?5cm. Foram calculados os par?metros fitossociol?gicos, ?ndices de diversidade, similaridade flor?stica, a sufici?ncia amostral e comparadas as m?dias estruturais pelo teste de Levene a 5%. Em cada parcela foram coletadas amostras de solo nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm, totalizando 108 amostras compostas por cinco amostras simples, utilizadas para as an?lises granulom?tricas e da fertilidade qu?mica do solo. O padr?o de distribui??o das esp?cies foi correlacionado com as vari?veis ed?ficas e microclim?ticas de cada pedoforma simultaneamente, com auxilio de an?lises multivariadas reducionais (An?lise Fatorial Multivariada, PCA), ordenativas (An?lise de Correla??o Can?nica e Correspond?ncia Can?nica) e aglomerativas (Cluster Hier?rquico). Os resultados indicam diferen?as sutis entre as condi??es ed?ficas e um microclima espec?fico entre pedoformas, capaz de influenciar a distribui??o de grupos espec?ficos de esp?cies, por?m, sem caracterizar a forma??o de comunidades vegetais distintas. Considerando a condi??o ambiental espec?fica de cada pedoforma, as principais vari?veis que as coordenam e as esp?cies relacionadas a tais condi??es, foi poss?vel oferece subs?dios t?cnicos para recupara??o de ?reas degradas e perturbadas, bem como o enriquecimento de fragmentos de ecossistemas Florestais da Floresta Atl?ntica

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-03-21T17:26:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Monique de Moura Gurgel.pdf: 5504454 bytes, checksum: 56c93476cae66a9ba7cfc9cad8b26016 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T17:26:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Monique de Moura Gurgel.pdf: 5504454 bytes, checksum: 56c93476cae66a9ba7cfc9cad8b26016 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The chemical analysis and structural analyzes of tropical biomass products has become a potential interest for the production of biofuels. Residues from coconut is promising because it doesn`t compete with the food industry and it can be transformed into a higher product added value due the lignocellulosic origin. Green coconuts had been separated between fiber and parenchyma following by anatomical characterization which it could better be understood and visualized the effect of pretreatment delignification; ozonolysis, with the chemical and compositional changes in the cell wall. To access the carbohydrates, lignin must be removed, thus it had been explored the changes induced by ozone under pH conditions; with addition of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide, and treatment time in milli-Q water. The ozonolysis was carried out at pH 3, 5 and 8 for 2; 4 and 6 hours at 25 ? C. Analyses were performed before and after the ozonolysis reaction to investigate the change of polysaccharides and lignin with the following techniques: SEM, Py-GC/MS, HPLC, FT-IR and TGA. With Scanning electron microscope and infrared spectroscopy, it was possible to observe the degradation of structural components of the fibers, in the form of "spring", from 4 hours of oxidation and changes in the intensities of the bands. According to the Py-GC/MS results, compounds resulting from lignin had been identified and stablished S/G ratio as 0,73. With a lignin Klason content of 26.28% from green coconut fiber and 25.45% from parenchyma. The best conditions of ozone treatment were determined to be the fiber with no addition of reagents for 4 hours under oxidation as determined by the increase of glucose content in the hydrolysate to 45.96 % after acid hydrolysis of ozone treated fibers. / An?lises qu?micas e estruturais dos produtos de biomassa tropical tem se tornado um potencial interesse para produ??o de novos produtos que agreguem valores sustent?veis, dentre eles, os biocombust?veis. Res?duos de coco se tornam promissores pois n?o competem com a ind?stria aliment?cia e podem ser transformados em um produto de maior valor agregado visto serem de origem lignocelul?sica. Nesse contexto, os cocos verdes foram separados entre fibra e par?nquima e por conseguinte, caracterizados a n?vel anat?mico para que melhor pudesse ser compreendido a rela??o do tratamento utilizado para deslignifica??o; no caso, a ozon?lise, assim como as altera??es qu?micas e composicionais da parede celular. Para acessar os carboidratos, a lignina precisa ser removida, portanto foi explorado as mudan?as induzidas pelo oz?nio sob condi??es de pH; atrav?s adi??o de ?cido ac?tico e hidr?xido de s?dio, e tempo. O tratamento com oz?nio em solu??o de ?gua biodeionizada foi conduzido em pH 3, 5 e 8 por 2, 4 e 6 horas a temperatura de 25?C. As an?lises foram realizadas com amostras anteriores e posteriores ? rea??o de ozon?lise, investigando as altera??es dos polissacar?deos e da lignina com as seguintes t?cnicas: MEV, Pi-GC/MS, CLAE, FT-IR e TGA. De acordo com a Microscospia eletr?nica de varredura e Espectroscopia de infravermelho, foi poss?vel observar a degrada??o dos componentes estruturais das fibras, em forma de ?mola?, a partir de 4 horas de oxida??o e altera??es nas intensidades das bandas respecivamente. De acordo com a Pi-GC/MS, os derivados da lignina foram identificados e estabelecido uma rela??o S/G de 0,73 para fibra. O teor de lignina de Klason foi de 26,28% para a fibra e 25,45% para o par?nquima. Em visto disso, chegou-se a conclus?o que a melhor condi??o de tratamento com oz?nio foi obtido com as fibras sem adi??o de reagente sob 4 horas de exposi??o ao agente oxidante, determinado pelo aumento do teor de glicose a 45,96%.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-03-22T12:11:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rodrigo Mencalha Moreira.pdf: 28440057 bytes, checksum: 791e667a1aa1132fd32db5ed549faf27 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T12:11:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rodrigo Mencalha Moreira.pdf: 28440057 bytes, checksum: 791e667a1aa1132fd32db5ed549faf27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-28 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ - FAPERJ / The brachial plexus block (BPB) remains one of the most intriguing topics of contemporary anesthesia because, due to the complex organization of this structure is associated with a significant number of failures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided associated with peripheral nerve stimulation BPB in rabbits. Initially, 80 plexus were dissected, so as to enable researchers in the gross anatomy of the region. Later, in the in vivo study, we used 40 male rabbits which were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1: Ultrasound-guided associated with peripheral nerve stimulation (US/ENP) BPB; Group 2: Peripheral nerve stimulation-guided (ENP) BPB. Under general anesthesia, axillary BPB was performed, under lidocaine 2% without vasoconstrictor injection at the maximum dose of 0,7ml.kg-1. The motor latency, motor block and volume difference between the BPB between the techniques were evaluated by recording motor action potentials compounds of the radial nerve. The measurement of skin temperature (ST), by infrared thermography, was carried out in areas of interest, previously stipulated in the forepaw, digits and forearm, in order to verify the correlation of the variation in the effectiveness of BPB. In 92.5% of the animals the nerves resulting consisted of connections between the ventral rami of the last four cervical spinal nerves (C5, C6, C7, C8) and first thoracic (T1). No significant difference was observed in time performance of US/ENP-guided BPB (4.3 ? 0.73 min) or ENP-guided BPB (6.4 ? 0.68 minutes), however, significantly less volume administration was necessary to local anesthetic in the US/ENP-guided BPB (0.61 ? 0.15 mL vs 1.22 ? 0.17; P <0.0001). Despite the lower volume used, it was observed that the US/ENP group had shorter on set time block (1.1 ? 0.45) compared to ENP group (1.95 ? 0.79; P <0.01). The US/ENP-guided BPB or ENP-guided BPB resulted in a substantial and significant increase in ST areas of interest in the radial, musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerves (P < 0.001), however this increase was outstanding in hand and digits regions Thus it is concluded that the US/ENP-guided BPB is an effective and easy technique to reproduce in this experimental model which required lower volume of local anesthetic, provided a smaller motor latency and a higher motor blockade time when compared to the ENP-guided BPB. The increase in ST is a highly effective tool for assessing the effectiveness of BPB with predictive value, sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Furthermore, future clinical studies are needed to verify its correlation with the anaesthetized area. / O bloqueio do plexo braquial (BPB) permanece como um dos temas mais intrigantes da anestesia contempor?nea, pois, devido a complexa organiza??o desta estrutura, est? associado a um n?mero expressivo de insucessos. Com o estudo objetivou-se avaliar a efic?cia do bloqueio do BPB guiado por ultrassonografia associado a estimula??o de nervos perif?rico em coelhos. Inicialmente foram dissecados 80 plexos braquiais, de 40 cad?veres, de modo a capacitar os pesquisadores na anatomia macrosc?pica da regi?o. Posteriormente, no estudo in vivo, foram utilizados 40 coelhos do sexo masculino os quais foram aleatoriamente alocados em dois grupos experimentais: Grupo 1: BPB guiado por ultrassonografia associado a estimula??o de nervos perif?ricos (US/ENP); Grupo 2: BPB guiado por estimula??o de nervos perif?rivos (ENP). Sob anestesia geral, o BPB foi realizado, por via axilar, atrav?s da inje??o de lidoca?na 2% sem vasoconstrictor, na dose m?xima de 0,7ml.kg-1. A diferen?a entre o tempo de lat?ncia motora, tempo de bloqueio motor e do volume necess?rio para o BPB entre as t?cnicas foram avaliadas atrav?s da grava??o dos potenciais de a??o motores compostos do nervo radial. A mensura??o da temperatura cut?nea (TC), por termografia infravermelha, foi realizada em ?reas de interesse (AIEs), previamente estipuladas, nas m?os, d?gitos e antebra?os, de modo a verificar a correla??o de sua varia??o com a efic?cia do BPB. Em 92,5% dos animais os nervos resultantes foram constitu?dos das conex?es entre os ramos ventrais dos 4 ?ltimos nervos espinhais cervicais (C5, C6, C7, C8) e o primeiro tor?cico (T1). N?o houve diferen?a significativa no tempo de performance do BPB guiado por US/ENP (4,3 ? 0,73 min) ou por ENP (6,4 ? 0,68 min), no entanto, foi necess?rio a administra??o de um volume significativamente menor de anest?sico local no grupo guiado por US/ENP (0,61 ? 0,15 ml versus 1,22 ? 0,17; P < 0,0001). Apesar do menor volume utilizado, observou-se que o grupo US/ENP apresentou menor tempo para instala??o do bloqueio (1,1 ? 0,45) em compara??o ao grupo ENP (1,95 ? 0,79; P < 0,01). O BPB guiado por US/ENP ou por ENP resultou em um aumento substancial e significativo da TC nas AIEs dos nervos radial, musculocut?neo ulnar e mediano (P < 0,001), no entanto, este aumento foi mais contudente na regi?o da m?o e d?gitos. Nas AIEs dos nervos radial, mediano e ulnar na regi?o dorsolateral das m?os, foram observadas as maiores varia??es de temperatura no grupo US/ENP em compara??o ao ENP (radial 3,1 versus 2,0oC; mediano 4,5 versus 3,1 oC e ulnar 4,1 versus 3,6 oC). Dessa forma conclui-se que o BPB guiado por US/ENP ? uma t?cnica eficaz e de f?cil reprodutibilidade no modelo experimental utilizado a qual requereu menor volume de anest?sico local, proporcionou menor tempo de lat?ncia motora e maior tempo de bloqueio motor quando comparado ao bloqueio guiado por ENP. O aumento da TC ? uma ferramenta altamente eficaz na avalia??o da efic?cia do BPB com valor preditivo, sensibilidade e especificidade de 100%. Outrossim,futuros estudos cl?nicos s?o necess?rios para verificar sua correla??o com a ?rea anestesiada.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-03-23T14:47:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Jo?o Paulo de Lima Aguilar.pdf: 2057822 bytes, checksum: e5eac0160e0ba66e10d0af7b9cf5437f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T14:47:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Jo?o Paulo de Lima Aguilar.pdf: 2057822 bytes, checksum: e5eac0160e0ba66e10d0af7b9cf5437f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / This work was carried out in Area Horticulture, Crop Science Department of Agronomy Institute of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. It was divided in to two stages, on initially in germination greenhouses and the second stage was performed in a protected environment. Statice seeds were inoculated with freeze-dried peat inoculant Azospirillum Sp245 (2,8x109 ufc g-1) as treatment concentration (Az), and compared to the control seeds, with out Azospirillum. In the first step, were seeded 18 polypropylene trays with 50 cells with a volume of 17ml each, with the substrate BIOMIX? seedlings. The following parameters were analyzed: percentage of germination (%Germ), root volume (RV), total length (CTT.), length of aerial parts (CPA), total of fresh material (MFT), total of dry material (MST), and length of roots (CR.).This step was planned in a completely randomized design. In the second stage, seeds were inoculated and sown in a protected environment, at the same time of the beginning of the first stage. They were divided into two plots of 20 m long with six blocks in each bed. Each treatment contained 21 plants. In the interval of 21 days, the plants were fertilized with ?torta de mamona? and ?Bokashi?, alternately with an average of 15 days between the applications. The parameters selected for evaluation were as follows: number of leaves(NF), root length (CR), shoot length (CPA), fresh matter of roots(MFR.), dry matter of root(MSR), root length(CR), root volume (RV), fresh matter of the aerial parts (MFPA), dry matter or aerial parts (MSPA), and rate between aerial part and roots(MSPA/MSR). The experiment began on August 15th2015andfinishedon November 28th2015. The first step lasted 42 days and the second step 63days, in a total of 105days. In the first step, the use of Azospirillum has influenced on all parameters. In the second step, the parameters: number of leaves, shoot/root ratio, fresh weigh to roots, dry wheight and root, and root volume were positively influenced by the treatment. We can cite three possible causes to explain why the other analyzes were not significant. The lack of water in certain periods; high temperature or heat stroke in plant closure period may have aborted the flower stalks; and competition with existing weeds in place, especially Cyperaceaae. The use Azospirillum Sp245 as inoculants proved to be avaliable alternative in the cultivation of statice (Limonium sinuatum) as a cut flower / Este trabalho foi realizado na ?rea de Horticultura, do departamento de Fitotecnia do Instituto de Agronomia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Foi dividido em duas etapas, uma inicial em estufas de germina??o e a segunda em ambiente protegido. Sementes de statice foram inoculadas com o inoculante turfoso contendo Azospirillum Sp245 (2,8x109 ufc g-1) como tratamento (Az) e comparadas com sementes n?o tratadas (inoculadas). Na primeira etapa de avali??o, foram semeadas 18 bandejas de polipropileno, com 50 c?lulas com volume de 17 ml, preenchidas com o substrato BIOMIX? mudas, sendo analisados os seguintes par?metros: percentual de germina??o (%Germ), volume de raiz (VR), comprimento total (CTT), comprimento da parte a?rea (CPA), mat?ria fresca total (MFT), mat?ria seca total (MST) e comprimento da raiz (CR). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. Na segunda etapa, sementes que foram inoculadas e semeadas na mesma ?poca do in?cio da primeira etapa, foram plantadas numa ?rea em ambiente protegido, divididos em dois canteiros com 20 m de comprimento e com seis blocos em cada canteiro. Cada tratamento continha 21 plantas. No intervalo de 21 dias, as plantas foram fertilizadas com torta de mamona e bokashi, alternadamente com uma m?dia de 15 dias entre as aplica??es. Os par?metros que foram selecionados para serem avaliados foram os seguintes:n?mero de folhas (NF), rela??o entre a parte a?rea e as ra?zes (RPA/RZ), comprimento da raiz (CR), comprimento parte a?rea (CPA), massa fresca da raiz (MFR), massa seca da raiz (MSR), comprimento da raiz (CR), volume da raiz (VR), massa fresca da parte a?rea (MFPA), massa seca da parte a?rea (MSPA), in?cio da produ??o das flores (IF), peso das hastes florais (PHF), n?mero de espiguetas (NE) e n?mero de flores por espigueta (NFE). O experimento teve in?cioem 15/08/2015 e foi finalizado em 28/11/2015. A primeira etapa foi avaliada durante 42 dias e a segunda etapa durante 63 dias, totalizando 105 dias. Na primeira etapa, o inoculante ? base de Azospirillum teve influ?ncia em todos os par?metros analisados. Na segunda etapa, os par?metros n?mero de folhas, rela??o parte a?rea/peso de raiz, massa fresca da raiz, massa seca da raiz e volume de raiz foram influenciados positivamente pelo tratamento.Podemos citar tr?s poss?veis causas para n?o haver signific?ncia nas outras an?lises: falta de ?gua em determinados per?odos; alta temperatura/insola??o no per?odo de fechamento das plantas, o que pode ter abortado as hastes florais; e a competi??o com as plantas espont?neas existentes no local, principalmente ciper?ceas. O uso do inoculante com a estirpe Sp245 de Azospirillum demostrou ser uma alternativa vi?vel no cultivo de statice (Limonium sinuatum) como flor de corte.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-03-24T11:59:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Bruno Ricardo Soares A. da Silva.pdf: 2937766 bytes, checksum: 9d74f19c8b592d9a097f535ef56dd464 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T11:59:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Bruno Ricardo Soares A. da Silva.pdf: 2937766 bytes, checksum: 9d74f19c8b592d9a097f535ef56dd464 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common heart disease in cats and it is characterized by concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. It is a genetic disease, autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance, which predispose animals to minor changes in the cardiovascular system as arrhythmias and thromboembolism, these being possible causes of sudden death of these animals. Although traditionally linked to the involvement of breeds of cats like Maine Coon, Ragdoll, Sphynx and Persian, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can affect any breed and even mixed breed cats. The aim of this study was the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a population of domestic short hair cats, and relate with the clinical and imaging findings with early diagnosis. Were evaluated 135 domestic short hair cats by Doppler echocardiography, between males and females of different ages, no previous history of suspected heart disease, to identify the concentric ventricular hypertrophy of the left ventricle. Were recognized cats with hypertrophy those, which interventricular septum and the free wall of the left ventricle measures during diastole, animal that presented 5 mm thickness on this measures. Animals identified with concentric ventricular hypertrophy were subjected to laboratory tests of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, ionized calcium, phosphorus, T4total, urinalysis, and imaging tests like ultrasound for differential diagnosis of diseases that can cause concentric hypertrophy, such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, hyperaldosteronism and hyperthyroidism. Were diagnosed 10 cats with concentric ventricular hypertrophy, these five were classified as having concentric secondary ventricular hypertrophy to other diseases and five characterized as having hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Among the results was noted that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presents: 1) prevalence of 3.7%; 2) silent evolution for clinical aspects; 3) even with borderline measures, has changes that need monitoring for early diagnosis of complications; 4) a phenotypic diversity as the site of involvement / A cardiomiopatia hipertr?fica, ? a cardiopatia mais comum nos gatos, sendo caracterizada pela hipertrofia conc?ntrica do ventr?culo esquerdo. ? uma doen?a de origem gen?tica, autoss?mica dominante de penetr?ncia incompleta, que predisp?em os animais a altera??es secund?rias do sistema cardiovascular como arritmias e tromboembolismo, causas poss?veis de morte s?bita destes animais. Apesar de sua ocorr?ncia estar tradicionalmente relacionada ?s ra?as Maine Coon, Ragdoll, Sphynx e Persa, a cardiomiopatia hipertr?fica pode acometer qualquer outra ra?a e at? mesmo gatos sem ra?a definida. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar o diagn?stico da cardiomiopatia hipertr?fica em uma popula??o de gatos pelo curto dom?stico, e relacionar os achados cl?nicos e de imagem com diagn?stico precoce da doen?a. Foram submetidos ao exame ecodopplercardiogr?fico 135 gatos pelo curto dom?stico, entre machos e f?meas de diferentes idades, sem hist?rico pr?vio de suspeita de cardiopatia, para identifica??o da hipertrofia ventricular conc?ntrica do ventr?culo esquerdo. Foram considerados animais portadores de hipertrofia aqueles que apresentaram medidas de septo interventricular e/ou parede livre do ventr?culo esquerdo, ambos na di?stole, maiores que 5 mm de espessura. Os animais identificados com hipertrofia ventricular conc?ntrica, foram submetidos, al?m do exame cl?nico, ? exames laboratoriais de ureia, creatinina, s?dio, pot?ssio, c?lcio i?nico, f?sforo, T4total e urin?lise, e exames de imagem como ultrassonografia, para diagn?stico diferencial de doen?as que possam causar hipertrofia conc?ntrica, como hipertens?o arterial, doen?a renal cr?nica, hiperaldosteronismo e hipertireoidismo. Foram diagnosticados 10 gatos portadores de hipertrofia ventricular conc?ntrica, destes cinco foram classificados como portadores de hipertrofia ventricular conc?ntrica secund?ria a outras doen?as, sendo o hipertireoidismo a principal causa (4/5) e cinco caracterizados como portadores de cardiomiopatia hipertr?fica. Com base nos resultados p?de-se concluir que a cardiomiopatia hipertr?fica: 1) apresentou preval?ncia de 3,7% na popula??o de gatos pelo curto dom?stico da cidade do Rio de Janeiro; 2) cursa com evolu??o silenciosa quanto aos aspectos cl?nicos; 3) apresentou diversidade fenot?pica quanto ao local de acometimento no ventr?culo esquerdo; e 4) al?m da espessura de septo e parede livre na di?stole, outras medidas ecodopplercardiogr?ficas lim?trofes sinalizam a necessidade de acompanhamento do paciente, para diagn?stico precoce de futuras complica??es

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-04T12:33:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - V?vian Palheta da Rocha 2016.pdf: 925358 bytes, checksum: 56f81d180a908791a6be805b35fee76f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T12:33:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - V?vian Palheta da Rocha 2016.pdf: 925358 bytes, checksum: 56f81d180a908791a6be805b35fee76f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The crambe (Crambe abyssinicaHochst) has been cultivated because of its potential in the production of oil in its seeds, as fodder plant, among other uses. For this species, the high oil content affects the storage potential of seeds and associated with factors such as the pericarp, low availability of water in the soil can provide uneven germination. So, to reduce the nega-tive effects of the factors thatinterfere with crambe seed germination, it can be through the use of priming techniques. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of priming techniques in physiological quality of crambe seeds stored under controlled condi-tions. Therefore, the experiment was conducted in 2015 to 2016 period for crambe, classified seeds were used, treated, packed in paper bags krafts. After zero, three and six months of stor-age, the seeds were submitted to physiological primingtechniques, using the unmonitored hydration techniques (immersion in water), matriosmopriming with PEG 6000 -0.2 MPa, moist atmosphere and matripriming. Unconditioned seeds were used as control. The seeds were evaluated after drying by germination and vigor (first count, seedling performance, seedling emergence and electrical conductivity). From the results it can be concluded that the seeds subjected to matriosmoprimingand matriprimingpresent approximately 40% water content after 8 hours of imbibition. There was favoring the germination of seeds and dry mass of lot 1 after they have been submitted to matriosmoprimingat 0, three and six months. There was an increase of germination rate of seeds lot 3 which were submitted to matriprimingthe three and six months of storage. / O crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) tem sido cultivado devido ao seu potencial na produ??o de ?leo em suas sementes e, como planta forrageira, entre outros usos. Para esta esp?cie, o alto teor de ?leo prejudica o potencial de armazenamento de suas sementes, assim como o uso de sementes com a presen?a do pericarpo do fruto no momento da semeadura ea baixa dispo-nibilidade de ?gua no solo podem proporcionar germina??o desuniforme. Para reduzir os efeitos negativos dos fatores que interferem no desempenho de sementes de crambe, pode ser em-pregado o condicionamento fisiol?gico das sementes. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a efici?ncia de diferentes t?cnicas de condicionamento fisiol?gico na qualidade fisio-l?gica das sementes de crambe armazenadas em condi??es controladas. Para tanto, o experi-mento foi realizado no per?odo de 2015 a 2016. Sementes classificadas, tratadas e acondicio-nadas em sacos de papel foram avaliadas ap?s zero, tr?s e seis meses de armazenamento. As sementes foram submetidas ?s t?cnicas de hidrata??o n?o monitorada (imers?o em ?gua), matriosmocondicionamento com PEG 6000 a -0,2 MPa, atmosfera ?mida e matricondicionamento. Sementes n?o condicionadas foram utilizadas como controle. As sementes foram avaliadas ap?s secagem pelos testes de germina??o e vigor (primeira contagem, desempenho de pl?ntulas, emerg?ncia de pl?ntulas e condutividade el?trica). Pelos resultados, pode-se concluir que as sementes submetidas ao matriosmocondicionamento e ao matricondicionamento apresen-tam em torno de 40% de teor de ?gua ap?s 8 horas de embebi??o. Houve favorecimento da germina??o das sementes e da massa seca das pl?ntulas do lote 1 ap?s terem sido submetidas ao matriosmocondicionamento, aos zero , tr?s e seis meses. O matricondicionamento favoreceu a velocidade de germina??o das sementes do lote 3, aos tr?s e seis meses de armazenamento.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-05T20:08:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Diego Renan Sobreiro Falc?o Paim.pdf: 1171234 bytes, checksum: 293452c2fece2086e9010a78bb8b4db1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T20:08:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Diego Renan Sobreiro Falc?o Paim.pdf: 1171234 bytes, checksum: 293452c2fece2086e9010a78bb8b4db1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-07 / CAPES / This study aimed to obtain a product in probiotic powder to ju?ara base, whose palm is being threatened with extinction due to indiscriminate practice of palm heart extraction and, in this sense, add value to this fruit is a proposal in an attempt to preserve the species. Initially, ju?ara pulp added probiotic microorganism Bifidobacterium spp. lactis was subjected to drying by spray drying (spray drying), which promoted a microencapsulation. In this first step, differet types and combinations of carriers agents were evaluated, totalizing four formulations: maltodextrin, maltodextrin + inulin (1:1), maltodextrin + oligofructose (1:1) and maltodextrin + inulin + oligofructose (2:1:1). The samples produced with different formulations were characterized in relation to the viable cell count, phenolics, anthocyanins, ABTS + antiradical activity, density, porosity, particle size and hygroscopicity. The samples produced with maltodextrin + inulin (1: 1) showed the best results, being selected for further stability study. In this study, samples were also produced by freeze drying, in order to compare the processes. The powders produced by the two processes were stored at different temperatures (7 and 35 ? C) and evaluated periodically for 60 days. Results showed that the samples stored at 7?C showed microorganism cell count higher than 107 CFU/g after 60 days of storage, being considered as probiotic products, whereas samples stored at 35?C showed cell counts lower than 104 CFU/g after 30 days. The samples produced by freeze drying showed higher viable cell counts compared to those produced by spray drying, after 30 days of storage. Regarding the phenolic content and antirradical activity, the samples showed a very similar behavior to each other. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo a obten??o de um produto em p? probi?tico ? base de ju?ara, cuja palmeira vem sendo amea?ada de extin??o devido ? pr?tica indiscriminada do extrativismo do palmito e, nesse sentido, agregar valor a esse fruto ? uma proposta, na tentativa de preservar a esp?cie. Inicialmente, a polpa de ju?ara adicionada do microrganismo probi?tico Bifidobacterium spp. lactis foi submetida ao processo de secagem por atomiza??o (spray drying), que promoveu sua microencapsula??o. Nesta primeira etapa, foram avaliados diferentes tipos e combina??es de agentes carreadores, totalizando quatro formula??es: maltodextrina, maltodextrina + inulina (1:1), maltodextrina + oligofrutose (1:1) e maltodextrina + inulina + oligofrutose (2:1:1). As amostras produzidas com as diferentes formula??es foram caracterizadas em rela??o ? contagem de microrganismos vi?veis, fen?licos totais, antocianinas, atividade antirradical ABTS+, densidade, porosidade, higroscopicidade e tamanho de part?culas. As amostras produzidas com maltodextrina + inulina (1:1) foram as que apresentaram os melhores resultados, sendo selecionadas para o posterior estudo de estabilidade. Nesse estudo, as amostras foram produzidas tamb?m por liofiliza??o, a fim de se comparar os processos. O produto em p? produzido pelos dois processos foi estocado a diferentes temperaturas (7 e 35?C) e avaliado periodicamente, durante 60 dias. Os resultados mostraram que as amostras estocadas a 7?C apresentaram contagem de microrganismos superior a 107 UFC/g ap?s 60 dias de estocagem, podendo ser consideradas probi?ticas, enquanto as amostras armazenadas a 35?C apresentaram contagem inferior a 104 UFC/g a partir de 30 dias. As amostras produzidas por liofiliza??o apresentaram maior contagem quando comparadas ?s produzidas por atomiza??o, a partir de 30 dias de estocagem. Em rela??o ao teor de fen?licos e ? atividade antirradical, as amostras apresentaram comportamentos muito semelhantes entre si.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-07T12:52:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Carlos Henrique Rocha Gon?alves.pdf: 2447515 bytes, checksum: bcb566dd037e0d15e3e3ab74112d585e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-07T12:52:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Carlos Henrique Rocha Gon?alves.pdf: 2447515 bytes, checksum: bcb566dd037e0d15e3e3ab74112d585e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This work aimed to realize oxidative reactions using ozone in aqueous middle to simulate the aging aspect in Corymbia citriodora K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson wood samples. Ozone that is a very reactive gas, was produced by the ozonizer by the corona effect. In order to evaluate the transformations occurred in the samples submitted to the treatment in different times and pHs (neutral, basic and acid) those samples were analyzed by various tests (color mensuration in the CIELAB colorimetric space; contact angle between water and wood by the goniometer; XPS spectroscopy and Pyrolysis ? GC/MS). The samples were obtained from a Corymbia citriodora tree log harvested in the UFRRJ campus in Serop?dica. Those samples were treated mechanically in order to adequate it to the analysis with 10 x 20 x 2 mm dimensions. It was observed that the 6h acid was the one that presented the best natural aging appearance. All the tests done have shown that the wood components had different behaviors in each treatment, especially when we talk about lignin and its G/S (Guaiacyl:Siringyl). The results have shown that the reactions were well succeed, revealing that the ozone had reacted in the majority of the samples, with the lignin, affecting the G/S ratio for all the treatments. XPS data showed the level of oxidation, for example, in the neutral treatment, showing ozone oxidative effect. In this way, the G/S ratio revealed that the ozone attack have occurred, first with the lignins that have predominantly the guaiacyl units, assuming that the reaction affected mainly the cellular region with high guaiacyl units content. It was also detected in the acid treatment, that the ozone as well reached the extractives group, especially the decanoic acids. All the experimentations were sufficient to discolor and give aging appearance to the wood, as the color changing shown by the color tests with the spectrophotometer. The contact angle has proved that the samples in order absorb more water, becoming more hydrophilic, when related to the L:C ratio (lignin:carbohydrate). / Esse trabalho teve por objetivo realizar rea??es oxidativas utilizando oz?nio em meio aquoso para simular o aspecto de envelhecimento em madeiras de Corymbia citriodora K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson. O oz?nio que ? um g?s extremamente reativo foi produzido pelo ozonizador atrav?s da descarga corona. Para avaliar as modifica??es ocorridas nas amostras ap?s serem submetidas ?s rea??es de ozon?lise em diferentes tempos e pHs (neutro, b?sico e ?cido), essas amostras foram posteriormente submetidas a v?rios testes (mensura??o da cor no espa?o colorim?trico CIELAB; do ?ngulo de contato entre a ?gua e a madeira atrav?s do goni?metro; espectroscopia XPS (Espectroscopia Fotoeletr?nica de Raios-X) e pir?lise ? CG/EM (pir?lise analisada por cromatografia gasosa, acoplada ? um detector de massa)). As amostras foram obtidas de tora de madeira de um esp?cime da esp?cie Corymbia citriodora obtida no campus da UFRRJ em Serop?dica. Essas amostras foram tratadas mecanicamente de maneira a adequ?-la para an?lise, ficando com dimens?o de 10 x 20 x 2 mm. Foi constatado que as amostras do tratamento ?cido durante 6h foram as que ficaram com a apar?ncia mais pr?xima de uma madeira naturalmente envelhecida. Os diversos testes feitos mostraram que os componentes da madeira se comportaram de forma diferente em cada um dos tratamentos especialmente no que tange ? lignina na sua raz?o G/S da mesma. Os resultados mostraram que a rea??es foram bem sucedidas, revelando que o oz?nio reagiu na grande maioria das amostras com a lignina afetando a raz?o G/S para todos os tratamentos. Dados do XPS mostram os n?veis de oxida??o por exemplo dos tratamentos neutros, mostrando o efeito oxidativo do oz?nio. Neste sentido, a raz?o Guacila/Siringila revelou que o ataque do oz?nio aconteceu primeiramente com as ligninas que predominam unidades guaiacila, pressupondo que a rea??o afetou direcionadamente a regi?o da parede celular com mais alto teor de unidade Guaiac?la. Foi tamb?m detectado no tratamento ?cido que o oz?nio atingiu tamb?m o grupo dos extrativos especialmente os ?cidos decan?icos. Todos os experimentos foram suficientes para descolorir e dar apar?ncia de madeira envelhecida, como mudan?as de cor mostradas pelos testes de cor com espectrofot?metro. O ?ngulo de contato mostrou que as amostras em ordem absorvem mais ?gua, tornando-as mais hidrof?lica, quando correlacionada ? raz?o C:L (Carboidratos:Lignina).

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-11T11:12:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Gabriel Alves B. de Mello.pdf: 1441001 bytes, checksum: f14810fd41daf598ec3de18bceee8a01 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T11:12:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Gabriel Alves B. de Mello.pdf: 1441001 bytes, checksum: f14810fd41daf598ec3de18bceee8a01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The application of different irrigation and fertilizer doses can promote changes in onion crop production variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer levels (castor bean) coverage and blades irrigation applied by an automatic starter irrigation (AAI) in organic production of onion (Allium cepa L.). The experiment was conducted in the period June to October 2014 in Fazendinha Agroecol?gica 47 km (Integrated System Agroecological Production - ISAP), located between the coordinates 22?45` S and 43?41`W in the municipality of Serop?dica-RJ. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a factorial scheme 4 x 3, with 12 treatments and 5 repetitions. The treatments were characterized by applying 4 irrigation levels (L1, L2, L3 and L4) and three doses of organic fertilizer: 300g / m?, 200 g / m? and lack of castor bean. The evaluated production variables were total productivity bulbs (TPB), fresh weight of bulbs (FWB), dry matter content of the bulbs (DMCB), dry matter productivity bulb (DMPB), average diameter bulbs (ADB); the bulbs were divided into seven cross-sectional diameter classes. It was also determined the total soluble solids (TSS) and efficiency of water use (EWU).The data were tabulated and submitted to analysis of variance and means were evaluated with the help of regression and Tukey test for the blade factor irrigation and fertilizer doses. The water depth factor significantly influence the values of TPB, FWB, DMPB and ADB ranging, respectively, 19.42 to 31.95Mg ha-1 of 61.12 to 83.30 g, the 1.73 2.59 t ha-1and the 4.52 to 5.13mm.The DMCB variables, TSS and the EWU were not affected by water depth, which showed values from 7.9 to 8.6%, from 14.6 to 16.7 ? BRIX and 83.1 to 105.5kg ha-1 mm-1.Organic fertilizer applied in coverage factor did not influence in any of the production variables, and this fact, as a result, possibly fertilization used in planting the seedlings and the high fertility of the soil level of the experimental area. We conclude that the organic cultivation of onion is promising in the environmental conditions of the Baixada Fluminense region and automation in micro-irrigation system is able to provide water content suitable soil along the onion crop cycle. The larger productive performances of culture were shown with larger water depths applied voltages / A aplica??o de diferentes l?minas de irriga??o e doses de adubo org?nico podem promover altera??es nas vari?veis de produ??o da cultura da cebola. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito de doses de aduba??o org?nica (torta de mamona) por cobertura e l?minas de irriga??o aplicada por um acionador autom?tico de irriga??o (AAI) na produ??o org?nica da cebola (Allium cepa L.). O experimento foi conduzido no per?odo de junho a outubro de 2014 na Fazendinha Agroecol?gica km 47 (Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica - SIPA), localizado entre as coordenadas 22?45` S e 43?41`W, no munic?pio de Serop?dica-RJ. O delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos completos casualizados, distribu?dos em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com 12 tratamentos e 5 repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram caracterizados pela aplica??o de quatro l?minas de irriga??o (L1, L2, L3 e L4) e tr?s doses de adubo org?nico: 300 g m-?, 200 g m-? e aus?ncia de torta de mamona. As vari?veis de produ??o avaliadas foram produtividade total de bulbos (PTB), massa m?dia fresca de bulbos (MMFB), teor de mat?ria seca dos bulbos (TMSB), produtividade massa seca de bulbo (PMSB), di?metro m?dio de bulbos (DMB), os bulbos foram separados em sete classes de di?metro transversal. Foi determinado tamb?m o teor de s?lidos sol?veis totais (TSST) e a efici?ncia do uso da ?gua (EUA). Os dados foram tabulados e submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia e as m?dias foram avaliadas com aux?lio da t?cnica de regress?o e teste Tukey, para os fatore l?mina de irriga??o e doses de adubo org?nico. O fator l?mina de irriga??o influenciou significativamente os valores da PTB, MMFB, PMSB e DMB que variaram, respectivamente, de 19,42 a 31,95 Mg ha-1, de 61,12 a 83,30 g, de 1,73 a 2,59 Mg ha-1 e de 4,52 a 5,13 mm. As vari?veis TMSB, TSST e EUA n?o foram influenciadas pela l?mina de irriga??o, as quais apresentaram valores de 7,9 a 8,6 %, de 14,6 a 16,7 ?BRIX e de 83,1 a 105,5 kg ha-1 mm-1. O fator adubo org?nico aplicado em cobertura n?o exerceu influ?ncia em nenhuma das vari?veis de produ??o, sendo esse fato, decorrente, possivelmente da aduba??o usada no plantio das mudas e pelo n?vel elevado fertilidade do solo da ?rea experimental. Concluiu-se que o cultivo org?nico da cebola ? promissor nas condi??es edafoclim?ticas da regi?o da Baixada Fluminense, e a automa??o em sistema de microirriga??o ? capaz de propiciar conte?do de ?gua no solo adequado ao longo do ciclo de cultivo da cebola. Os maiores desempenhos produtivos da cultura foram evidenciados com as maiores l?minas de ?gua aplicadas

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-19T16:54:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Doralice Chagas Tavares.pdf: 3263200 bytes, checksum: 6f53a1ad9e6222bc2e0b72188b66afd0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T16:54:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Doralice Chagas Tavares.pdf: 3263200 bytes, checksum: 6f53a1ad9e6222bc2e0b72188b66afd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The discussion on energy issues are increasingly in evidence. The dynamics of gradual depletion of non-renewable energy reserves such as oil and global warming encourages a race to renewable energy alternatives. This dynamic search economically viable new energy sources through technological progress. In this context, it has increased the development of biodiesel as a renewable energy source. In the case of the Brazilian energy, biodiesel plays a promising role. The country has in its geography major agronomic advantages, being situated in a tropical area, with high brightness and mean annual temperatures. On water availability and regularity of rainfall, becomes the country with the highest potential for renewable energy production. This contributes to the generation of jobs in the primary sector, which in Brazil is of utmost importance to social development and priority of our current government. This ensures the work in the field, reducing the swelling of the big cities and favoring the cycle of self-supporting economy essential to the autonomy of the country. Moreover, the price of diesel fuel in the energy matrix is considerably high compared with other countries. Therefore, biodiesel has a higher potential market in Brazil and the technological innovations associated with it can increase the efficiency of diesel in the consumer sectors, especially the transportation sector. Therefore, this dissertation's main objective is the evaluation of the influence of the major operating variables of the transesterification reaction using as raw material mixtures of jatropha oil, frying oil and beef tallow in different proportions (30/70, 50/50, and 70/30) in the presence of methanol. Moreover, it was studied the technical viability of two different technologies for producing biodiesel (conventional, microwave) and their influence on the reaction conversion. For a better evaluation of the experiments, different schedules were performed, according to the operational variables such as time, molar ratios, temperature, proportion of mixture and catalyst concentration. The best yield value obtained for the production of biodiesel frying / sebum with the conventional technology (BFSC) was 87.09% by weight, 99.20% in content of esters, having a viscosity of 5.42 mm?/s. This performance was achieved using 0.5% KOH, mixtures of 70/30, with time of 3 hours, in terms of molar ratio 9:1 at 70 ?C. In the production of biodiesel frying / sebum with the use of microwaves (BFSM) it was observed that with 1.5% KOH, mixtures of 70/30 at time 10 seconds, the molar ratio of 9:1, was obtained a maximum yield of 88.87% by weight, 99.42% by ester content and a viscosity of biodiesel 5.61 mm?/s. In biodiesel frying / Jatropha using conventional technology (BFPC), it was reached a best yield of 80.42% by weight, 99.99% in amounts of esters, using 0.5% of KOH, mixtures of 70/30, with 3 hours reaction time, molar ratio 9:1, at 70 ?C. The best operational condition for the production of biodiesel from mixture of frying / jatropha with the use of microwaves (BFPM) was observed in 1.5% KOH, with mixtures of 30/70, 10 seconds of time and a molar ratio of 9:1, reaching a total biomass yield, conversion to esters and viscosity of 77.30%, 99.89% and 5.25 mm?/s respectively / A discuss?o em torno das quest?es energ?ticas est? cada vez mais em evid?ncia. A din?mica de esgotamento progressivo de reservas de energias n?o renov?veis como o petr?leo e o aquecimento global incentiva uma corrida por energias renov?veis alternativas. Esta din?mica busca viabilizar economicamente novas fontes energ?ticas por meio do progresso tecnol?gico. ? neste contexto que vem crescendo o desenvolvimento do biodiesel como fonte de energia renov?vel. No caso da matriz energ?tica brasileira, o biodiesel assume um papel promissor. O pa?s tem em sua geografia grandes vantagens agr?colas, por estar situado em uma regi?o tropical, com altas taxas de luminosidade e temperaturas m?dias anuais. Ligado a disponibilidade h?drica e regularidade de chuvas, torna-se o pa?s com maior potencial para produ??o de energia renov?vel. Isso contribui para a gera??o de empregos no setor prim?rio, que no Brasil ? de suma import?ncia para o desenvolvimento social e prioridade de nosso atual governo. Com isso, assegura o trabalho no campo, reduzindo o incha?o das grandes cidades e favorecendo o ciclo da economia auto-sustent?vel essencial para a autonomia do pa?s. Al?m disso, o pre?o do diesel mineral na matriz energ?tica ? consideravelmente elevado se comparado com outros pa?ses. Sendo assim, o biodiesel tem um mercado potencial elevado no Brasil e as inova??es tecnol?gicas a ele associadas podem aumentar a efici?ncia nos setores consumidores de diesel, sobretudo o setor de transportes. Portanto, este trabalho de disserta??o tem como principais objetivos a avalia??o da influ?ncia das principais vari?veis de opera??o da rea??o de transesterifica??o usando como mat?ria-prima a mistura dos ?leos de pinh?o manso, de fritura e sebo bovino, em diferentes propor??es (30/70, 50/50, e 70/30), na presen?a de metanol, na convers?o reacional e a avalia??o da influ?ncia de duas tecnologias de produ??o de biodiesel (convencional e microondas) na convers?o da rea??o. Para uma melhor avalia??o dos experimentos, foram realizados diferentes planejamentos de experimentos, de acordo com as vari?veis de opera??o como tempo, raz?o molar, temperatura, propor??o da mistura e concentra??o de catalisador. O melhor valor de rendimento obtido para a produ??o do biodiesel de fritura/sebo com a tecnologia convencional (BFSC) foi de 87,09% em massa, 99,20% em teor de ?steres com uma viscosidade de 5,42 mm?/s. Esse rendimento foi alcan?ado usando 0,5% de KOH, nas misturas de 70/30, com tempo de 3 horas, raz?o molar em condi??es de 9:1, a 70 ?C. Na produ??o do biodiesel de fritura/sebo com o uso das microondas (BFSM) observou-se que com 1,5% de KOH, nas misturas de 70/30, com tempo 10 segundos, raz?o molar de 9:1, foi obtido um rendimento m?ximo de 88,87% em massa, 99,42 % em teor de ?steres e um biodiesel com viscosidade de 5,61 mm?/s. No biodiesel de fritura/pinh?o manso utilizando a tecnologia convencional (BFPC) obteve-se o melhor rendimento em massa de 80,42%, em teores de ?steres de 99,99% usando 0,5% de KOH, nas misturas de 70/30, com tempo reacional de 3 horas, raz?o molar 9:1 a 70 ?C. A melhor condi??o operacional para a produ??o de biodiesel de fritura/pinh?o manso com o uso das microondas (BFPM) foi observado em: 1,5% de KOH, nas misturas de 30/70, com tempo de 10 segundos e raz?o molar de 9:1, com rendimento em massa, convers?o em ?steres e viscosidade de 77,30%, 99,89% e 5,25 mm?/s, respectivamente