• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 817
  • 399
  • 384
  • 108
  • 57
  • 44
  • 35
  • 28
  • 28
  • 28
  • 28
  • 28
  • 20
  • 11
  • 10
  • Tagged with
  • 2185
  • 348
  • 338
  • 330
  • 181
  • 151
  • 131
  • 119
  • 117
  • 101
  • 99
  • 97
  • 93
  • 92
  • 91
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
511

Perméabilité et transport des fluides dans les zones de subduction / Permeability and fluid transport in subduction zones

Pilorgé, Hélène 07 July 2017 (has links)
Dans les zones de subduction, de nombreux indices attestent la circulation de fluides au-dessus de la plaque plongeante et dans le coin de manteau. L'interaction de péridotites avec des fluides aqueux issus de la déshydratation de la plaque plongeante favorise la formation de serpentinites à antigorite. Les interactions fluides-roche se font sous plusieurs formes : diffusion à l'état solide, percolation aux joints de grains et pression-solution. Afin d'étudier ces différentes interactions dans les conditions du coin de manteau, de l'antigorite et de l'eau ont été placées à haute pression (1.5-3.0 GPa) et haute température (315-540°C) dans une presse Belt ou une cellule à enclumes de diamant. De l'eau D2O a permis de suivre les processus d'inter-diffusion D/H dans l'antigorite et d'identifier les chemins de circulation de fluides et des traceurs de nickel ont été utilisés pour imager les recristallisations. L'analyse de monocristaux par spectroscopie Raman et nano-SIMS a permis de déterminer une loi d'inter-diffusion D/H pour l'antigorite : DD/H (m2/s) = 7.09 x 10-3 x exp(-202(-33/+70) (kJ/mol) /RT). La déformation de l'échantillon est localisées dans des zones de cisaillement ; elle augmente la porosité (jusqu'à 10 fractures/µm) et favorise les interactions fluides-roche. Des textures d'alignement de pores ont été identifiées comme des chemins actifs de circulation de fluides par la comparaison des volumes d'interaction fluides-roche et d'images MEB à haute résolution. Les recristallisations riches en nickel ont été étudiées par analyse EDX et imagerie en électrons rétrodiffusés. Les vitesses de cristallisation augmentent avec la température et la pression / In subduction zones many evidences confirm the circulation of fluids above the subducting slab and in the mantle wedge. The interaction of peridotites and water coming from the dehydration of the subducting slab favors the formation of antigorite serpentinites. Fluid-rock interactions include several processes: solid-state diffusion, percolation at grain boundaries and pressure-solution. In order to study the various interaction processes at the mantle wedge conditions, antigorite and water were interacted at high pressure (1.5-3.0 GPa) and high temperature (315-540°C) in a belt apparatus or in a diamond anvil cell. D2O-water was used as a tracer of D/H inter-diffusion processes in antigorite and in order to image circulation paths for aqueous fluids, and nickel tracers were used to image the recrystallizations. The analyses of single-crystals with a Raman spectrometer and nano-SIMS lead to a D/H inter-diffusion law in antigorite: DD/H (m2/s) = 7.09 x 10-3 x exp(-202(-33/+70) (kJ/mol) /RT). The sample deformation, due to the non-hydrostatic pressure in the belt apparatus, is localized in shear zones; it raises the porosity (up to 10 fractures/µm) and enhances the fluid-rock interactions. Textures of pore alignments were identify as active circulation paths for fluids from the comparison of maps of fluid-rock interactions and high resolution SEM images. Nickel-rich recrystallizations were studied with EDX analyses and backscattered electron imaging. Crystallization velocities raises with increasing temperature and pressure
512

Rapports de force : usages et circulation des objets rituels en milieu Mitsogho au Gabon / Ratio power. Uses and circulation of the ritual objects among the Mitsogho people in Gabon : uses and circulation of the ritual objects among the Mitsogho people in Gabon

Mogoa Boussengui, Amélie 29 June 2015 (has links)
À partir d'enquêtes effectuées entre 2007 et 2013, cette thèse interroge les usages des objets rituels en milieu mitsogho au Gabon, leurs itinéraires dans les espaces ruraux et urbains, ainsi que les rapports de force qu'ils engendrent au sein des familles, des communautés et, à l'échelle nationale, dans les sphères publiques du culturel et du politique. Dans cette perspective, notre étude décrit et interprète les passages de ces objets d'une génération à une autre dans le cadre lignager ; leur sortie des frontières coutumières ; leur circulation entre les divers marchés par lesquels ils transitent ; les agissements de leurs propriétaires ou utilisateurs (comme, par exemple, les initiés et les nganga-misoko) ; les conflits qu'ils suscitent et véhiculent. L'analyse des pratiques et des discours que nous avons observés et recueillis, nous révèle que, selon l'itinéraire emprunté, ces objets transmettent des significations socialement partagées sur la maladie, les sorts, la mort, l'échec, le chômage, qui se cristallisent souvent sur et autour les diverses figures de la sorcellerie. De par leur conversion en pièces aussi muséographiques et patrimoniales, ces objets ont acquis également la qualité contemporaine de biens culturels. / From the written documents, numerous assessments, and field surveys performed from 2007 to 2013, I shall analyze in this Thesis the religious and ritual objects among the Mitsogho people in Gabon, the meaning that they receive in their itinerary between cities and villages, as well as ratio of power that they create in families, in the community, and at the national level including the collection of these objects by the political body. In other words it is a matter of understanding the multiple, the transmissions of these objects from one generation to another in the framework of lineage, in the trans-border exit as defined by the initiated people, for functions beyond the context of manufacturing, and their circulation between the markets and customers (the initiate people and the nganga-misoko, for instance), and just as implicit or explicit battle that affect them. Through the local speeches, we can see that the objects embody a sort of social and symbolic meaning the initiate people, according to the path they follow, and that sicknesses, curses, death, failure, and unemployment etc…often crystallize on the use of religious and ritual objects, word of a so-called witchcraft.
513

La cession du contrat de travail / The assignment of the employment contract

Selusi, Sophie 07 December 2015 (has links)
S’inscrivant dans un contexte juridique et économique propice, cette thèse propose une utilisationrenouvelée de la cession de contrat adaptée au rapport de travail. Les finalités de ce mécanismejustifient l’opportunité de sa réception et de sa réalisation augurant son développement. Constatantque ni le législateur, ni le juge, ne font référence au dispositif, un effort de définition est accompli.La cession du contrat de travail est l’opération consistant à changer d’employeur avec l’accord dusalarié sans rupture. Repensées sous le prisme de la cession de contrat, les opérations se situant àla frontière du transfert d’entreprise sont clarifiées et réalisées de manière cohérente.Le particularisme du rapport de travail suppose que soit mis en place un système légal garantissantle consentement du salarié. Instaurant une continuité contractuelle, la mise en œuvre de cetinstrument confirme son utilité. / Within a propitious legal and economic environment, this PhD thesis sheds the light of a suitableand renewed use of the assignment of contract. The purposes of the mechanism foster itsdevelopment. The lack of definition by lawmakers and judges tends to render such workmandatory. The assignment of contract shall be the operation changing of employer by mutualagreement with the employee without any termination. All operations closed to transfer ofundertaking are therefore clarified. The specificity of employment relationship involves a legalregime ensuring the consent of employee. Establishing a contractual continuum, its usefulness isjustified by its implementation.
514

MANIFOLD AND PORT DESIGN FOR BALANCED FLOW AND INCREASED TURBULENCE IN A TWO-STROKE, OPPOSED PISTON ENGINE

James C Rieser (11818853) 18 December 2021 (has links)
<p>Two-stroke, opposed piston engines have gained recent attention for their improved thermal efficiency relative to the conventional inline or V-configuration. One advantage of two-stroke, opposed piston engines is a reduction in heat losses since there is no cylinder head. Another advantage is improved gas exchange via uniflow scavenging since the exhaust and intake ports may be located near bottom dead center of the exhaust and intake pistons, respectively. One challenge with the design of two-stroke engines is promoting turbulence within the cylinder. Turbulence is important for mixing air and fuel in the cylinder and for increasing flame speed during combustion. </p> <p>This work investigates the flow and turbulence through two-stroke, opposed piston engines using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Specifically, the role of intake manifold and intake port geometry on turbulence within the cylinder was investigated by systematically modifying the engine geometry. Turbulence was then quantified using three metrics: circulation around the cylinder axis (swirl), circulation normal to the cylinder axis (tumble), and volume average turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) within the cylinder.</p> Increasing the swirl angle from 0 degrees to 10 degrees increased the in-cylinder swirl by a factor of 3. Increasing the swirl angle also increased the volume average TKE by a range of 7.6% to 36.5% across the three cylinders of the engine. A reverse tilt angle of 15 degrees increased tumble circulation near the piston face but decreased tumble circulation by a factor of 3 near the center of the cylinder. The next step for research on this would be to apply more geometric manipulations to the manifold of the swirl engine design to balance the mass flow rate for each port. Following the redesign of the manifold the next step is to perform a dynamic CFD test to verify the mass flow has been balanced under a dynamic scenario.
515

Étude d'un écoulement en circulation naturelle d'hélium diphasique en régime transitoire / Study of two-phase boiling helium natural circulation loops in transient regime

Furci, Hernan 13 November 2015 (has links)
Les boucles de circulation naturelle d'hélium diphasiques sont utilisées comme systèmes de refroidissement d'aimants supraconducteurs de grande envergure, vus leurs avantages inhérents de sûreté et d'entretien. Des exemples sont le détecteur CMS au CERN (déjà en opération) ou les aimants du spectromètre R3B-GLAD au GSI (en installation). Une des préoccupations majeures lors du refroidissement par ébullition est la crise d'ébullition : la dégradation soudaine du transfert de chaleur pariétal au-delà d'une certaine valeur de flux de chaleur, dénommée critique. L'augmentation de température de paroi qui en résulte peut entraîner la perte de l'état supraconducteur de l'aimant.Les boucles de circulation naturelle à l'hélium ont déjà été étudiées expérimentalement et numériquement en régime permanent, spécialement en régimes pré-critiques (ébullition nucléée). Les travaux sur les transferts de masse et de chaleur en hélium en ébullition en régime transitoire présents dans la littérature ciblent principalement des systèmes de petites dimensions, des canaux très étroits ou trop courts, ou l'ébullition en bain. Bien que des comportements qualitativement similaires sont attendus, l'extrapolation de ces résultats à une boucle de circulation naturelle n'est pas évident, si possible. C'est pourquoi une étude particulière du comportement thermohydraulique transitoire de boucles d'hélium en circulation naturelle, lors d'une augmentation soudaine de la charge thermique, est nécessaire. Une partie de cette étude consiste en des expériences sur une boucle d'hélium diphasique en circulation naturelle de 2 m de haut, à 4,2 K. Deux sections chauffées verticales de diamètre différent (10 et 6 mm) et d'environ 1 m de longueur ont été testées. Les transitoires sont induits par une marche soudaine de puissance. Deux types de condition initiale ont été considérés : statique (sans puissance initiale), et en équilibre dynamique (puissance initiale non-nulle). L'évolution de la température de paroi le long de la section, le débit massique et la perte de charge a été mesurée. Parmi d'autres phénomènes, un fort intérêt a été porté au début de la crise d'ébullition. Les valeurs limites de flux de chaleur final auxquelles la crise arrive ont été déterminées. D'un côté, on a observé que la crise peut avoir lieu de façon temporaire ou permanente à une puissance appréciablement plus faible qu'en régime permanente. De l'autre côté, l'augmentation de la circulation initiale, à travers le flux de chaleur initial, peut inhiber partiellement ou totalement cette crise d'ébullition prématurée. On a déterminé que cette dégradation du transfert de chaleur est l'issu de deux phénomènes en compétition, véritablement inhérents à la circulation naturelle : une étape initiale d'accumulation uniforme de vapeur, avec inversion ou diminution de la vitesse d'entrée, et l'établissement ultérieur de la circulation, avec le transit d'un front froid depuis l'entrée. Une analyse semi-empirique nous a permis de déterminer un critère, basé sur l'évolution dynamique du profile spatial du titre massique, pour prédire le déclenchement de la crise. Néanmoins, il est nécessaire de connaître à priori l'évolution du débit massique pour pouvoir appliquer ce critère. La dernière partie de ce travail est dévouée à la production et validation de modèles et outils de calcul pour la simulation du comportement thermohydraulique d'un tel système. Deux options de modélisation sont présentées. L'une est une simplification des équations du modèle homogène 1D des écoulements diphasiques (mise en place en COMSOL) ; l'autre reprend le modèle homogène tel quel (programmé en C). Les simulations d'évolution du débit massique sont en assez bon accord avec les mesures, à l'exception d'un léger déphasage temporel. Ceci pourrait être dû à la combinaison d'un retard de l'instrumentation pour la mesure du débit et de l'inexactitude des hypothèses de base du modèle homogène lors de transitoires très violents. / Boiling helium natural circulation loops are used as the cooling system of large superconducting magnets because of their inherent safety and maintenance advantages. Examples are the cooling systems of the CMS detector solenoid magnet at CERN (already in operation) or the R3B-GLAD spectrometer magnet at GSI (in installation phase). A major concern in boiling cooling systems is that of boiling crisis: a sudden deterioration of the wall heat transfer takes place when the surface heat flux exceeds a certain value, called the critical heat flux (CHF). The resulting high temperatures on the wall could ultimately entail the loss of superconducting state of the magnet.Helium natural circulation loops have already been studied experimentally and numerically in steady state, especially in the pre-critical heat and mass transfer regimes (nucleate boiling). Works on transient boiling heat and mass transfer in helium present in the literature are mostly focused on small systems, very narrow channels, too short pipes or pool boiling. Although it is expected to find qualitative similarities with already observed behavior, the extrapolation to a natural circulation loop is not easy, if even possible. Hence the need for a particular study on the transient thermohydraulic behavior of helium natural circulation loops, after sudden increases in the heat load of the circuit.A part of this study consists of experiments conducted in a 2-meter high two-phase helium natural circulation loop at 4.2 K temperature. Two vertical heated sections with different diameters (10 and 6 mm) and around 1 m length were tested. Heat load transients were driven by a step-pulsed heat load. Transients with two types of initial conditions have been studied: static loop (no initial power applied) and in-dynamic-equilibrium loop (non-zero initial power applied). The evolutions of wall temperature along the heated section, total mass flow rate and pressure drop were measured. Among other phenomena, the nature of the onset of boiling crisis has received a special attention. The values of final heat flux limits for its occurrence have been determined. On the one hand, we observed that boiling crisis can take place in temporary or stable fashion at power significantly lower than in steady state. On the other hand, the increase of initial circulation, by raising initial heat flux, can inhibit partially or completely this power-premature boiling crisis. We could determine that this heat transfer deterioration is the result of two competing phenomena, veritably inherent to the natural circulation feature of the system: an initial stage of uniform vapor accumulation with inlet back-flow or velocity reduction, and the ulterior onset of circulation with the transit of a cold front from the entrance. A semi-empirical analysis of data allowed determining a criterion, based on the dynamic evolution of the quality profile in the section, to predict the incipience of boiling crisis. It became evident that it is necessary to know how the mass flow rate of the system is going to evolve, in order to apply the mentioned criterion.Hence, the other part of this work is aimed to the production and validation of models and calculation tools in order to simulate the thermohydraulic behavior of a two-phase helium natural circulation loop. Two modeling options are proposed. One of them consists of a simplification of the 1D two-phase homogeneous model equations (implemented in COMSOL) and the other of their full version (coded in C language). The simulated mass flow rate represents reasonably well the measured evolution except for a relatively small time phase-shift. This could be due to a combination of the delay of flow-metering instrumentation with the inaccuracy of the basic homogeneous model assumptions during violent transients.
516

Numerical Modeling and Experimental Validation of Heat Pipe Solar Collector for Water Heating

Endalew, Abebe January 2012 (has links)
This work studies the performance of heat pipe solar collector for water heating. Experimental results are validated using numerical modeling. Homemade heat pipes with distilled water as a working fluid were used for experimental tests. Both natural and forced convective heat pipe condensing mechanisms are studied and their results are compared with conventional natural circulation solar water heating system. Cross flow and parallel flow heat exchanger were tested in forced type heat pipe condensing mechanism. Experimental and numerical results showed good agreement. Heat pipe solar collectors outperformed conventional solar collector because of their efficient heat transport method. Forced convective heat exchanger was found to give higher efficiency compared to natural convective heat pipe condensing system. However, natural convective heat pipe condensing is free from parasitic power and low system weight. It also showed appreciable system efficiency and can be further developed to be used in rural areas where grid electricity is scarce. Cross flow and parallel flow heat exchanger have been tested for forced convective heat pipe condensing mechanism and no appreciable difference was found due to higher fluid velocity in heat exchangers.
517

Monsoon rainfall and the circulation in the Afro-Asian regions.

Tanaka, Minoru January 1976 (has links)
Thesis. 1976. M.S. cn--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Meteorology. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Bibliography: leaves 113-116. / M.S.cn
518

Prédire le temps de trajet à l'aide des méthodes d'apprentissage profond

Lassakeur, Imad Eddine 07 June 2024 (has links)
Avec l'urbanisation croissante et l'augmentation des flux de trafic, les villes font face à des défis majeurs de congestion, de pollution, et de réduction de la qualité de vie. Comprendre et prédire les durées de trajet devient donc essentiel pour optimiser la mobilité urbaine et améliorer l'expérience quotidienne des citadins. Dans ce projet, nous avons adapté et expérimenté une méthode novatrice pour la prédiction des temps de trajet, combinant l'apprentissage automatique avec une analyse approfondie des données de circulation. Notre étude a débuté par un état de l'art des méthodes existantes, passant des modèles empiriques aux techniques d'intelligence artificielle avancées, et a mis en évidence les avantages des modèles hybrides. Nous avons conçu un processus détaillé qui commence par la collecte de données diverses, y compris des historiques de trafic, des informations structurelles des routes, et des conditions météorologiques. Ces données ont été traitées et analysées par segments pour souligner la nécessité d'approches localisées dans la prédiction. Notre application pratique sur le terrain urbain complexe de la ville de Québec a utilisé des données issues de Google Maps, OpenStreetMaps et WeatherEnvironment. Elle a prouvé l'efficacité d'un modèle hybride combinant des réseaux de neurones récurrents (GRU) et XGBoost. Ce modèle a démontré des performances supérieures par rapport aux méthodes traditionnelles, offrant des prédictions de temps de trajet plus précises et fiables. Les résultats ont également validé l'importance de l'analyse segmentée des parcours et la pertinence de sélectionner des caractéristiques influentes. Cette recherche contribue significativement au domaine de la gestion de la mobilité urbaine, ouvrant des perspectives pour l'optimisation des systèmes de navigation intelligents et la planification efficace du trafic. L'extension de cette méthodologie à d'autres contextes urbains et l'intégration de données en temps réel offrent des avenues prometteuses pour des recherches futures, visant à rendre nos villes plus intelligentes, durables et agréables pour leurs résidents. / With increasing urbanization and rising traffic flows, cities face major challenges including congestion, pollution, and reduced quality of life. Understanding and predicting travel times is thus crucial for optimizing urban mobility and enhancing the daily experience of city dwellers. In this project, we adapted and experimented with an innovative method for predicting travel times, combining machine learning with a thorough analysis of traffic data. Our study began with a state-of-the-art review of existing methods, ranging from empirical models to advanced artificial intelligence techniques, highlighting the benefits of hybrid models. We designed a detailed process starting with the collection of various data, including traffic history, road structural information, and weather conditions. These data were processed and analyzed by segments to underscore the need for localized approaches in prediction. Our practical application in the complex urban terrain of Quebec City used data from Google Maps, OpenStreetMaps, and WeatherEnvironment. It proved the effectiveness of a hybrid model combining recurrent neural networks (GRU) and XGBoost. This model demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional methods, providing more accurate and reliable travel time predictions. The results also validated the importance of segmented analysis of routes and the relevance of selecting influential features. This research significantly contributes to the field of urban mobility management, opening perspectives for optimizing intelligent navigation systems and efficient traffic planning. Extending this methodology to other urban contexts and integrating real-time data offers promising avenues for future research aimed at making our cities smarter, more sustainable, and more enjoyable for their residents.
519

Sloping convection : an experimental investigation in a baroclinic annulus with topography

Marshall, Samuel David January 2014 (has links)
This thesis documents a collection of experimental investigations in which a differentially-heated annulus was used to investigate the effects of topography on the atmospheric and oceanic circulation. To this end a number of experiments were devised, each using a different topographic base to study a different aspect of the impact of topography, motivated by the most notable outstanding questions found in a review of the literature, namely exploring the effects of topographic resonance, blocking via partial barriers, and azimuthally differential-heating via thermal topography. First of all, whilst employing sinusoidal wavenumber-3 topography to extend the experimental parameter space of a similar study, namely Read and Risch (2011), a new regime within a region of structural vacillation was encountered. Denoted as the ‘stationary-transition’ regime, it featured periodic oscillations between a dominant stationary wavenumber-3 flow and axisymmetric or chaotic flow. An investigation into topographic resonance followed, keeping the wavenumber-3 base, but with a sloped lid to add a beta effect to the annulus. This acted to increase the occurrence of stationary waves, along with the ‘stationary-transition’ regime, which was discovered to be a near-resonant region where nonlinear topographic resonant instability led to a 23 to 42 ‘day’ oscillatory structure. The base was then replaced with an isolated ridge, forming a partial barrier to study the difference between blocked and unblocked flow. The topography was found to impact the circulation at a level much higher than its own peak, causing a unique flow structure when the drifting flow and the topography interacted in the form of an ‘interference’ regime at low Taylor Numbers, as well as forming an erratic ‘irregular’ regime at higher Taylor Numbers. Lastly, this isolated ridge was replaced by flat heating elements covering the same azimuthal extent, in order to observe whether thermal topography could be comparable to mechanical topography. These azimuthally-varying heating experiments produced much the same results as the partial barriers study, despite the lack of a physical peak or bottom-trapped waves, suggesting that blocking is independent of these activities. Evidence of resonant wave-triads was noted in all experiments, though the component wavenumbers of the wave-triads and their impact on the flow was found to depend on the topography in question.
520

Designing Lost Circulation Pills For Polymer Based Drill-in Fluids

Kahvecioglu, Alper 01 December 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Specially designed non-damaging lost circulation pills (LCP) are being effectively applied for drilling depleted zones worldwide. Optimizing the LCP compositions stop the lost circulation effectively and protect the production zone from liquid and solids invasion significantly. Shape, particle size distribution and concentration of the lost circulation materials (LCM) are key parameters determining the effectiveness of LCP. In this study, the Permeability Plugging Apparatus (PPA) is utilized to evaluate effectiveness of various LCM&rsquo / s in curing the lost circulation. Sized calcium carbonates are used as LCM in different concentrations and in different particle size distribution. Lost circulation zones are simulated using the ceramic disks and slotted disks. Ceramic disks with nominal pore sizes 20, 35, 60, 90, and 150 microns are characterized in terms of pore size distribution using the computerized image analysis technique. Filter cake quality, spurt loss and filtrate volume are basic parameters to be evaluated in this study. Tests are performed at 75 F and 300 psi of differential.

Page generated in 0.1623 seconds