Thesis (M.Arch.A.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: p. 66. / by Vijay Yagnik. / M.Arch.A.S.

Esta Tese se constrói sobre a premissa de que a mobilidade é a questão sobre a qual se organizam os diferentes tempos da arquitetura. Seu objeto são arquiteturas em cidades nas quais as relações permitem reconfigurar a compreensão dos edifícios. Busca uma possível arquitetura do tempo fluida, ainda que organizada em torno de sólidos e estáveis materiais e uma natureza de espaços em que a velocidade não apenas permita circulação, mas devolva a instigante propriedade de morada, lugar significado e estabilizado de tal forma que seja possível habitá-lo. / This Thesis is built-up over the premise that mobility is the grounds where distinct times in architecture are organized. Its object is architectures in cities where relationships allow rearranging the understanding of buildings. It pursues a possible architecture of time fluid, despite being organized among solid and stable materials and a nature of spaces in which speed not only allows circulation, but also returns the instigating characteristics of dwelling, a place which was meant and established in such way to be possible living in it.

O destaque alcançado por um grupo significativo de cidades do interior do estado de São Paulo, que nas últimas décadas só foi mais reforçado pelo dinamismo econômico, evidenciou os aspectos que as projetam como pólos regionais. Nesse grupo de cidades ressalta-se a extrema urbanização, em muitas delas uma avançada conurbação com as vizinhas. Surgem aglomerações, que vão de 500 mil a mais de dois milhões de habitantes, formando uma rede de cidades que lideram o segundo maior mercado consumidor brasileiro. A atividade industrial crescente, a geração de empregos, o conseqüente crescimento demográfico e o espraiamento urbano, deram a essas cidades características de organização espacial muito própria e um sistema viário que não acompanhou esse crescimento, mais expressivo do que os das grandes capitais. Contudo, um elemento está presente em todas essas cidades e constitui um rico patrimônio histórico e, talvez, estratégico em seus futuros: a ferrovia. Nas dez maiores cidades do interior paulista, a presença marcante da velha estação e da linha férrea, que as cruzam e as dividem, são as heranças do processo de desmantelamento e total abandono da função ferroviária de transporte de passageiros de longo percurso. Quase sempre relegadas a funções acessórias no planejamento urbano, a ferrovia também esteve distante, encerrada entre seus muros, mantendo o diálogo com as cidades embaraçado ao longo do tempo. Essa pesquisa se propôs a fazer um levantamento geral desses patrimônios ferroviários, identificar suas interfaces atuais com o meio urbano, os novos agentes envolvidos na sua exploração e, principalmente, a visão e os usos pretendidos pelos municípios para as faixas ferroviárias e suas áreas lindeiras. Buscando amparo nas evoluções históricas, na análise de influências recíprocas e nas relações entre transporte e urbanismo, questiona-se a presença dos trilhos nessas áreas intensamente urbanizadas e são expostas as relações institucionais que devem ser consideradas para planejar e viabilizar o seu aproveitamento, seja pela implantação de novos equipamentos urbanos, pelo uso compartilhado de transportes ou mesmo pela sua erradicação. / A large number of relevant cities in the countryside of São Paulo state has recently faced a remarkable distinction brought by a high economical dinamism in these regional poles during the last decades. These cities already have extreme urbanization rates and they are getting aglomerated, creating new metropolitan areas, with a huge population that is responsible for Brazil´s second largest consuming market. The increasing industrial activity and the offers of new jobs have both stimulated the spreading of its urbanized areas that are not always followed by enough new transportation infra structures. However, one element is very present in any of these cities and it stands for rich historical assets: the old railway. Inside any medium size São Paulo´s city in, the prominent station and the rail tracks still divide the urban center, instersecting its streets and being source of many conflicts and accidents. Nowadays, those abandoned structures are the inheritahe of passenger rail transportation, which was completely dismantled after freight rail transports privatizations. Specially inside the cities, not only the railways were continualy limited to secondary functions in all urban planning process, but the urban transportation was never taken as a priority for rail administration either. This research aimed to build a general view of railway equipments and structures of ten cities, identify possible interfaces with their urban areas, identify the agents envolved in its exploitation and mainly identify what the local expectations to the railways are. The analysis was done based on historical evolution of railways and cities, by the influence of transportation infra structure on territories. Urbanism and public transport organization notions were considered as well, in order to identify the needs and ways on what kind of railway would contribute or would be more profitable in new urban functions.

In recent years, the ‘right to the city’ has emerged as a key concept and practice amongst both academics and social movements around which to organise a response to the crisis of Fordist production and political representation. In Spain this response has taken to the streets, with millions of people coming together and shouting ‘They don’t represent us!’. As a key site of both neoliberal urban governance and political insurgency, Barcelona provides a powerful site through which to examine the relationships between urban social movements, urban governance and struggles around the right to the city. In this thesis I build a (partial and provisional) genealogy of the right to the city, examining the relevance of those struggles that have emerged inside and against neoliberal governmentality since the early 1980s in an effort to assemble the right to the city through the material combination of struggles around urban production and citizenship rights. To do this, I return to the relation between genesis and management as an uneven dialectic in the production of rights; drawing on and building new connections between post-colonial studies, autonomous marxist debates, critical studies of citizenship and urban studies to investigate how strangers, outsiders and the governed challenge European capitalism from inside and assert a different imagination of contemporary urban life. I also explore my own role in these dynamics. In contrast to an understanding of academic knowledge as analytical and objective representation, my position as both a militant and a researcher provides the ground upon which I analyse social movements as a factory of concepts and practices capable of assembling an instituent politics against neoliberal governmentality.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Esta dissertação investigou como a rua é construída narrativamente na seção Brasiliana de CartaCapital. A pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que a narrativa jornalística é uma das formas de experimentação da realidade e de mediação com o mundo, perspectiva vinculada ao paradigma construcionista, que tem no jornalismo uma instância de construção social da realidade devido à forma como seu discurso foi historicamente institucionalizado. Além disso, considera a cidade como um texto, composto por outros menores, que pode ser lido e tecido por seus habitantes. O jornalismo é um dos mediadores do conhecimento sobre a cidade quando articula esses textos. Brasiliana oferece narrativas produzidas sobre diferentes pontos do Brasil, algumas vezes do exterior, mas com predominância de relatos ancorados na cidade de São Paulo. Fizemos uma análise flutuante de 742 textos produzidos semanalmente entre 2001 e 2016 para chegarmos ao recorte de 11 narrativas sobre ruas e, assim, tecermos considerações sobre as inter-relações entre jornalismo e cidade. O estudo objetivou responder sobre os percursos na rua traçados pelo jornalista-narrador, as personagens e os conflitos que compõem as narrativas e as estratégias de figuração adotadas pelo jornalista-narrador, de forma a vislumbrar a construção narrativa da rua na seção. Utilizamos o método de análise da narrativa como proposto por Motta (2013) para estudos em jornalismo, ancorado nas teorias narrativas de Ricoeur (1994), Genette (1995) e Culler (1999). Nessas narrativas jornalísticas, revelaram-se ruas polifônicas, locais onde diferentes vozes sociais interagem, do que resultam conflitos socioeconômicos e religiosos – vias que acabam por refletir a condição da cidade como um espaço produtor de diferenças. Os resultados indicam que, pela presença de um jornalista-narrador que percorre ruas, encontra personagens e é capaz de descrever os espaços onde os habitantes se relacionam e as cenas que expõem seus conflitos, as Brasilianas são um exemplo de fazer jornalístico mais plural sobre a cidade. / This dissertation investigated how the street is narratively constructed in the CartaCapital’s section named Brasiliana. The research starts from the assumption that the journalistic narrative is one of the forms of experimentation of the reality and of mediation with the world, perspective linked to the constructionist paradigm, that has in journalism an instance of social construction of reality due to the way in which its discourse was historically institutionalized. In addition, it considers the city as a text, composed of smaller ones, that can be read and woven by its inhabitants. Journalism is one of the mediators of the knowledge about the city when it articulates these texts. Brasiliana offers narratives produced on different points in Brazil, sometimes from abroad, but with predominantly anchored reports in the city of São Paulo. We did a floating analysis of 742 texts produced weekly between 2001 and 2016 to get to the cut of 11 narratives about streets and, thus, to make considerations about the interrelations between journalism and city. The objective of this study was to answer the narrator-journalist's path in the street, the characters and the conflicts that make up the narratives and the strategies of figuration adopted by the narrator-journalist, in order to glimpse the narrative construction of the street in the section. We have used the method of narrative analysis as proposed by Motta (2013) for studies in journalism, anchored in the narrative theories of Ricoeur (1994), Genette (1995) and Culler (1999). In these journalistic narratives, polyphonic streets were revealed, where different social voices interact, resulting in socio-economic and religious conflicts – streets that reflect the condition of the city as a space that produces diferences. The results indicates that, because of the presence of a narrator-journalist who walks the streets, finds characters and is able to describe the spaces where the inhabitants relate and the scenes that expose their conflicts, the Brasilianas are an example of making a journalism more plural about the city.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 105-106. / This thesis focuses on the search for a more equitable urban environment. In Western Europe, the hope that cities are relevant forms of living and interacting, still exists. In Brussels, in the last fifteen years, the inhabitants formed a unique network of actions that attempts to recapture the city as a place where people have the right to work and live. One must look at the Brussels experience in light of the theories that led to the ideological development of the inhabitants' struggle. Theories, that share with the Brussels movement the search for social justice. The first part of this work contains an analysis of relevant aspects of Manuel Castells', David Harvey's and Henri Lefebvre's theories, and of Leon Krier's vision. The second part examines the network of urban struggles in Brussels and analyzes the relations hip of the theoretical contributions and the inhabitants' action. Finally, the conclusion will investigate the responsibility of the architect in the light of Brussels' experience. / by Monika Unger. / M.S.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / Observations and summaries were made on 181 surveys of urban dwelling environments in developing countries, carried out by members of the Urban Settlement Design Program (U.S.D.P.), at MIT. The focus of this study is in three parts - dwelling development, land subdivision and environmental transformation. In short, surveys indicate the significance of the popular sector and progressive development; grid layout is preferred to gridiron layout; and higher density. Multifamily dwellings are a proliferate trend, but should be promoted with caution. / by Chih-Chien Wang. / M.S.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 300-313. / Issues within the context of the present cannot be isolated from their spatial or temporal context. Neither the past (tradition) nor the future (modern technology) can provide solutions to the problems of the present. Their value lies in the fact that they represent "resources" which broaden our choices and inform us as to how similar issues were or could be dealt with in different times and places. However, a society's past and the way that society conceives of its past provides modes of continuity which give the present its authenticity. If we are to deal with the issues of the present and hope for an authentic future, the authority of the past or tradition cannot be blindly accepted though its authenticity and relevance to the present must be recognized. The problem addressed here is that of a present physical environment in the Arab-Muslim city which is to tally different from the traditional one. As a result of this difference, a sense of discontinuity and alienation has developed among the inhabitants of these cities. The purpose of this study is to understand how this process came about and how a sense of continuity with the past can be reestablished. To achieve this purpose four main issues are addressed here: (l) the origin and process of formation of the traditional physical environment; (2) the disparity between the traditional and the contemporary environment; (3) the origins of this disparity; and (4) the possible notions which might be suggested by way of reestablishing a sense of continuity between the past and the present. The legal system is used as a means of analysis in this study. This has helped us to see the physical environment within its socio-cultural context, by informing us about the ideological or structural level of the society and by pointing out accepted social norms and conventions and the mechanism of their social effectiveness. The law has helped us to point out the differences between the traditional and the contemporary process. In the traditional city, the process relied on rules of conduct or social conventions which proscribed certain actions on the part of the inhabitants. In the contemporary city, the rules are physical and prescriptive in nature. They prescribe in physical terms not only what is to be done but also how it is to be implemented. Implied within the traditional process is a reciprocal and possibilist relationship between form and use while the contemporary process advocates a determinist approach to the relationship of form and use. Several factors are believed to have worked in favor of the shift from the traditional process to the contemporary one in the Arab-Muslim city. Important among these are: the existence of certain implied ideologies; changes in the scale of development, power and technology; and problems within the field of architecture and urbanism and their relationship to the Arab-Muslim context. Only by being aware of these processes and factors can we conceive of an appropriate approach to reestablish a sense of continuity with the past that sterns from the needs of the present and aspirations for the future. / by Saleh A. Al-Hathloul. / Ph.D.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: p. 164-165. / by Barbara A. Cole. / M.C.P.