abstract: Recent events in places such as Ferguson, Missouri, and Baltimore, Maryland, have focused the public's attention on citizen deaths during arrest encounters with officers in police departments across the United States. Riots and protests have broken out across the nation and resulted in a recent President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing to address some of these major issues. Arrest-related deaths (ARDs), however, are not a new phenomenon and have long generated controversy among the public. Despite the reoccurring nature of ARDs, no publicly available, central national registry of ARDs exists to allow for an in-depth analysis of such cases, as well as the development of training and policies to decrease police and citizen harms. In an effort to fill this gap, the current study conducts a retrospective, open-source, web-based search of media reports to explore the prevalence and nature of all types of ARDs that occurred through the United States in 2005 and 2006. The purpose of the study is to investigate ARDs, but to also assess the reliability of media reports as a source of data. The study finds that media reports are not adequate for identifying the prevalence of ARDs, but are useful when investigating circumstances surrounding deadly police-citizen encounters to an extent. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Criminology and Criminal Justice 2015

abstract: ABSTRACT Many studies testing the effects of procedural justice judgments rely on cross-sectional data. The shortcomings of such a strategy are clear and alternative methodologies are needed. Using a factorial vignette design, this study tests a variety of hypotheses derived from the process-based model of regulation, most of which involve the posited outcomes of procedural justice judgments during police-citizen encounters. This technique allows the researcher to manipulate police process during citizen encounters via hypothetical scenarios. Experimental stimuli are used as independent variables in the regression models. The results show that participants who were administered vignettes characterized by procedural injustice had lower levels of encounter satisfaction, decision acceptance, immediate compliance and greater expectations that police handle similar situations in the future differently relative to individuals who did not receive the negative stimulus. These effects are statistically significant across encounters involving traffic stops and noise complaints. As anticipated, the effect of procedural injustice often proved more salient regardless of whether participants were administered vignettes where they received a citation. Given the utility of the vignette design, future researchers are encouraged to apply the design to additional causal questions derived from the process-based model. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2016

abstract: Recently, there has been an upsurge in highly publicized negative police-citizen encounters, contributing to the current crisis in police legitimacy. These encounters, mostly filmed and disseminated by citizens, provide a new type of vicarious experience through which the viewer can assess police-citizen interactions, potentially shaping their perceptions of the police. These recordings have sparked national conversations and protests regarding police behavior and treatment of minority citizens. An area that has received less attention, however, is what effect viewing video recordings of less contentious police-citizen interactions has on public perceptions of police. To that end, this study seeks to address the knowledge gap through experimental methodology. Using actual footage of a variety of police-citizen encounters, this study examines the impact of viewing videos of police encounters on individuals' perceptions of police legitimacy, procedural justice, estimates of police misconduct, and their willingness to cooperate with police. Also examined are the impact these videos have on support for officer body-worn cameras and willingness to film the police. The findings indicate the impact of viewing police-citizen encounters on individual perceptions and attitudes are primarily linked to the content – whether positive, negative or neutral – of the video. Specifically, positive videos depicting procedurally just encounters increased perceptions of procedural justice, decreased estimations of police misconduct and increased support for officer body-worn cameras. Viewing negative videos, however, decreased perceptions of police legitimacy, distributive fairness, and procedural justice while increasing estimations of police misconduct and willingness to film the police in the future. The effects of the video encounters on perceptions of police were not lasting and were not stable when respondents were surveyed again two weeks later. Lasting effects were found for individuals’ self-reported willingness to film the police in the future. Given these findings, the process-based model of policing should consider also incorporating digital vicarious experiences when examining factors impacting perceptions of police. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Criminology and Criminal Justice 2017

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:52:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferracioli_mu_me_arafcl.pdf: 377937 bytes, checksum: e558de2d3ffac8933d561d2538217e98 (MD5) / A presente pesquisa objetiva identificar e analisar criticamente a concepção de educação escolar da Escola Cidadã, um importante movimento político-pedagógico contemporâneo. É utilizada como fonte de pesquisa a coleção Guia da Escola Cidadã, onde se encontra sintetizada sua teoria educacional. No primeiro capítulo apresenta-se a história da Escola Cidadã, desde os anos de 1960 com a pedagogia da libertação de Paulo Freire, até o início do século XXI, quando já se consolidara como expressão significativa dos movimentos pela educação popular. No segundo capítulo sintetiza-se o ideário do movimento em questão e caracteriza-se sua concepção de educação escolar: não é um ato de transmissão e assimilação de conhecimento, mas uma mediação no sentido da formação global dos alunos, visando com que aprendam a aprender e melhor se qualifiquem para intervenções pessoais e coletivas, rumo à cidadania plena e planetária. Explicita-se assim a seguinte contradição: como entender a postura afirmativa da Escola Cidadã em prol do acesso ao conhecimento em relação à defesa que faz do “aprender a aprender” como essência do ato educativo? No terceiro capítulo, com base na filosofia marxista, na Psicologia Sócio-Histórica e na Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, analisa-se esta contradição e aponta-se alguns limites intrínsecos a esta formulação da Escola Cidadã, em especial o esvaziamento dos conteúdos humano-genéricos e o conseqüente papel avesso à formação e emancipação humana no âmbito da educação escolar. Os resultados de pesquisa indicam que tal contradição interna à concepção analisada não pode ser superada sem a necessária negação da tentativa de conciliação entre a centralidade do “aprender a aprender” e a natureza do ensino escolar. Dessa forma, pode-se dizer que este é o equívoco teórico... / The present research aims to identify and to analyze with criticism the educational conception of Escola Cidadã, an important contemporary political-pedagogic movement. It is used as research source the collection Guia da Escola Cidadã, where is synthesized your educational theory. In the first chapter, the history of Escola Cidadã is presented, starting from the years of 1960 with the Paulo Freire's liberation pedagogy, until the beginning of the century XXI, when it had already consolidated as significant expression of the movements for popular education. In the second chapter, the ideal of the movement is synthesized through its ideas and the conception of school education is characterized: it is not a transmission act and knowledge assimilation, but a mediation in the sense of the students' global formation, which objective is to seek the learn to learn and better qualification for personal and collective interventions, heading for the full and planetary citizenship. Explicit the following contradiction: how to understand Escola Cidadã's affirmative posture on behalf of the access to the knowledge in relation to the defense that does of the “to learn to learn” like essence of the educational act? In the third chapter, based on the Marxist philosophy, on the Partnerhistorical Psychology and on the Historical Cultural Pedagogy, this contradiction is analyzed and it is pointed some intrinsic limits about the formulation of the Escola Cidadã, especially the emptiness of the human-related generic contents and its consequent position contrary to the human formation and emancipation in the ambit of the school education. The research results indicate that such a contradiction interns to the analyzed conception it cannot be overcome without the necessary denial of the conciliation attempt among the principal of the “to learn to learn” and the nature... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

En los últimos años, en Venezuela, el contexto político-económico, entre la continuidad del régimen y el descontento social, ha ocasionado que los venezolanos inventen y recreen una serie de palabras para expresarse sobre dicho acontecimiento. Este trabajo lexicográfico y lexicológico recoge y analiza dichas voces, tales como majunche, pupitrazo, boliburgués. Cada entrada lexicográfica presenta una definición, alguna precisión etimológica, una marca gramatical, una marca sociolingüística, un ejemplo de uso, y alguna nota lexicográfica. Los datos han sido recopilados de distintas fuentes, particularmente de sitios web, y validados por hablantes del país. La investigación concluye con la importancia de recoger las distintas expresiones lingüísticas de esta coyuntura como una forma de consignar una realidad que reclama ser comprendida y atendida.

Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010 / This study investigated the extent of local community involvement in tourism development and conservation activities in eastern Rwanda by using Akagera National Park as a case study. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect data from local residents, while face-to-face interviews were conducted with key informants from Rwanda National Tourism and Conservation Agency and local government officials as means to obtain deeper insights. Tosun (2000:626) contends that community involvement in tourism can be considered from at least two viewpoints, namely the decision-making process that would involve community participation and the benefits of tourism development such as employment and business opportunities. Results of this research suggest that community participation in Akagera National Park has been recognised by Rwanda National Tourism and Conservation Agency and the government of Rwanda only in the sense of helping local people to obtain economic benefits via employing them as workers within industry [though, still at a low rate], whilst encouraging them to operate small scale businesses such as curio shops, rather than create opportunities for them to have a say in the process of decision making of tourism management and conservation policies. Although Rwanda has opted for a decentralised system in its rural development plans, it is evident that it has failed to do so in the areas of tourism and conservation - at least in Akagera National Park. The researcher believes that in the light of the research results, the decision making system for Akagera National Park tourism and conservation development plans is still highly centralised, which, conversely, work against participatory development approach. The study recommends that local communities in the Akagera area should be consulted and involved in development programmes within their villages from the start, as this process will present a significant step towards ensuring more adequate participation in conservation and tourism. Finally, the researcher recommends that further studies should be conducted to engage in evaluation of impacts and successes of governmental policy of 5% revenue sharing, which should be implemented in communities around Akagera National Park.

How can citizens in a Swedish municipality become more active and involved in the political life? This is an issue that is constantly being discussed. Some argue that one way to increase the citizen’s political influence as well as participation, is by using so-called “citizen dialogues”. These “citizen dialogues” have become a common feature among Swedish municipalities. During the dialogues, citizens have the possibility to ask questions and make suggestions to politicians and officials from the municipality in, order to increase knowledge and trying to affect political decisions. I find it interesting to examine the consequences of participation in these dialogues.             The purpose of this essay is therefore to analyze the degree of political influence that citizens gain through participation in the citizen dialogue “Direktmöte” in Växjö municipality. The analytic instrument of the essay consists of two theories. These are Sherry R. Arnstein’s “A Ladder Of Citizen Participation” and The Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions “Delaktighetstrappa”. Both of these theories consist of models that can be used to classify different forms of participation on a scale ranging from “non-existing” to “very high” participation. Furthermore, this essay is a qualitative case study and the material consists of documents from the municipality of Växjö.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer la relación entre religiosidad y depresión en adultos mayores residentes de albergues en Lima Metropolitana. La muestra estuvo constituida por 150 adultos mayores, 88 mujeres y 62 hombres, con edades entre 65 a 90 años (promedio de 77,84 años) de Perú. Los participantes fueron evaluados con la Age Universal I-E 12 (Simkim & Etchezahar, 2013) y la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica (GDS-15) (Gómez-Angulo & Campo-Arias, 2011). Los resultados mostraron que el factor de Orientación Social de la variable Religiosidad presentó una correlación débil y significativa con la variable Depresión, mientras que el factor de Orientación Personal no mostró una correlación con la Depresión; rechazando así la hipótesis planteada. Asimismo, se obtiene resultados de las correlaciones entre las variables según las variables sociodemográficas. Se discuten las implicancias y sugerencias para futuras investigaciones. / This study aimed to determine the relationship between religiosity and depression of senior citizens living in retirement homes in the Lima Metropolitan area – Peru. The sample was composed of 150 informants: 88 women and 62 men, whose ages ranged between 65 and 90 with an average of 77.84. Two instruments were applied: Age Universal I-E 12 (Simkim & Etchezahar, 2013) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) (Gómez-Angulo & Campo-Arias, 2011). Results revealed that the social orientation of religiosity has a weak but significant correlation with depression whereas the personal orientation showed no correlation with depression. Based on these data, the hypothesis is discarded. In addition, results of correlations among variables regarding sociodemographic record were obtained. Finally, implications and suggestions for future research were discussed.

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Participatory Budgeting (PB) has expanded to over 1,500 municipalities worldwide since its inception in Porto Alege, Brazil in 1989 by the leftist Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers’ Party). While PB has been adopted throughout the world, it has yet to take hold in the United States. This dissertation examines the introduction of PB to the United States with the first project in Chicago in 2009, and proceeds with an in-depth case study of the largest implementation of PB in the United States: Participatory Budgeting in New York City. I assess the outputs of PB in the United States including deliberations, governance, and participation. I argue that PB produces better outcomes than the status quo budget process in New York City, while also transforming how those who participate understand themselves as citizens, constituents, Council members, civil society leaders and community stakeholders. However, there are serious challenges to participation, including high costs of engagement, process exhaustion, and perils of scalability. I devise a framework for assessment called “citizenly politics,” focusing on: 1) designing participation 2) deliberation 3) participation and 4) potential for institutionalization. I argue that while the material results PB produces are relatively modest, including more innovative projects, PB delivers more substantial non-material or existential results. Existential citizenly rewards include: greater civic knowledge, strengthened relationships with elected officials, and greater community inclusion. Overall, PB provides a viable and informative democratic innovation for strengthening civic engagement within the United States that can be streamlined and adopted to scale. / Government