• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 57
  • 33
  • 14
  • 12
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 154
  • 43
  • 20
  • 15
  • 13
  • 11
  • 11
  • 11
  • 10
  • 10
  • 9
  • 9
  • 9
  • 9
  • 8
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Uso de aditivos e variação do aporte de alimentos na dieta de vacas em lactação sobre a composição e estabilidade do leite / Use of additives and variation of feeding levels in lactating Jersey cows on milk composition and its stability

Stumpf, Marcelo Tempel January 2012 (has links)
Durante o período de 2010 e 2011 dois experimentos foram conduzidos na Embrapa Clima Temperado, em Capão do Leão/RS. O primeiro envolveu a adição de citrato de sódio e bicarbonato de sódio na dieta de vacas Jersey, com o intuito de verificar influência destes aditivos no controle da incidência de LINA, como alegado por parte da(s) indústria(s) comercializadora (s) dos produtos. Dezessete vacas foram divididas em três tratamentos, em dois períodos experimentais com diferentes dietas. Grupo controle: 5 vacas sem receber aditivos na dieta; grupo Citrato: 6 vacas recebendo 100 g diárias de citrato de sódio; grupo Bicarbonato: 6 vacas com 40 g diárias de bicarbonato de sódio na dieta. Foram medidos os teores plasmáticos de glicose e ureia e o pH urinário, para monitoramento da fisiologia dos animais, assim como se determinou a composição físico-química do leite e a contagem de células somáticas. Não foi detectado efeito da adição de bicarbonato de sódio e citrato de sódio em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados, demonstrando a ineficácia do uso destes aditivos no controle da incidência de LINA. Um segundo experimento, com duração de cinco semanas, também envolvendo vacas da raça Jersey, foi elaborado com o objetivo de determinar alterações na permeabilidade das tigh tjunctions das células epiteliais da glândula mamária provocadas por restrição alimentar severa. Doze vacas foram divididas em dois tratamentos contendo seis vacas cada: grupo Controle: animais recebendo dieta atendendo suas exigências nutricionais durante todo o experimento; grupo Restrição: animais recebendo dieta restrita em 50% somente durante a terceira semana. Determinou-se a permeabilidade das tight junctions através da mensuração dos níveis plasmáticos de lactose e dos teores lácteos de lactose e sódio. Foi determinada também a composição físico-química do leite e a contagem de células somáticas das amostras, assim como os teores de cortisol plasmático, para identificação da condição de estresse às quais os animais em restrição alimentar estavam submetidos. A restrição alimentar promoveu estresse aos animais do grupo Restrição, resultando em maior permeabilidade das tight junctions das células da glândula mamária, com efeitos sobre a redução da estabilidade do leite no teste do álcool. / In the period between 2010 and 2011 two experiments were conducted at Embrapa Clima Temperado, in Capão do Leão/RS. The first study involved the inclusion of sodium citrate and sodium bicarbonate in Jersey cow diet to determine the influence of this inclusion on the incidence of unstable non-acid milk (LINA). Seventeen animals were divided into three groups, in two experimental periods with different diets: Control group: 5 animals without the inclusion of additives in the diet; Citrate group: 6 animals receiving each 100 g of sodium citrate per day in the diet; Bicarbonate group: 6 animals receiving 40 g of sodium bicarbonate per day. Plasma concentration of glucose, urea as well as urine pH was measured to assess the animals’ physiologic status. Milk’s physical-chemical composition and somatic cell count were also determined. The inclusion of sodium citrate and sodium bicarbonate had no influence on any of the parameters evaluated, demonstrating the inefficiency of this technique in controlling the incidence of LINA. A second experiment, with five weeks duration also using Jersey cows, was carried out to define alterations in the permeability of mammary gland cells tight junctions due severe feeding restriction. Twelve animals were divided into two treatments with 6 cows each: Control group: animals receiving full diet during the entire study; Restriction group: animals receiving a 50% restricted diet only during the third week. Tight junction permeability was determined through plasma and milk levels of lactose and milk levels of sodium. Milk physical-chemical composition and somatic cell count were also determined. Cortisol concentration was measured to assess the animals stress condition. Feeding restriction induced stress in animals in the Restriction group, which promoted higher permeability of mammary gland cell tight junctions, with influences on the reduction of milk stability to the ethanol test.
72

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de filmes biodegradáveis a base de gelatina, plastificantes hidrofóbicos e surfactantes naturais / Development and characterization of gelatin-based biodegradable films, hydrophobic plasticizers and natural surfactants

Andreuccetti, Caroline 16 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Carlos Raimundo Ferreira Grosso, Rosemary Aparecida de Carvalho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T16:43:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andreuccetti_Caroline_D.pdf: 47636466 bytes, checksum: 58cc2e8b5f7c2abd41a91ff91f15b9cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Doutorado / Consumo e Controle de Qualidade / Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição
73

Hipertermia magnética de nanopartículas à base de ferrita de manganês: efeito do recobrimento superficial de nanopartículas por moléculas de citrato / Magnetic hyperthermia of nanoparticles based on manganese ferrite: effect of surface coating of nanoparticles by citrate molecules

Zufelato, Nícholas 31 May 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-02-15T12:23:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Nícholas Zufelato - 2012.pdf: 2835862 bytes, checksum: 9d1149314ab7a9df2da0b228aeeed37b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-02-15T12:55:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Nícholas Zufelato - 2012.pdf: 2835862 bytes, checksum: 9d1149314ab7a9df2da0b228aeeed37b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-15T12:55:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Nícholas Zufelato - 2012.pdf: 2835862 bytes, checksum: 9d1149314ab7a9df2da0b228aeeed37b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work investigated the magneto-thermal properties of manganese ferrite-based nanoparticles. The nanosctructures were synthesized by the coprecipitation method. Three samples were studied, namely: non passivated (2A), passivated (2B), and passivated with citrate coating molecules (2B cit). The particles were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission eléctron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and electron magnetic resonance (EMR). The non-coated samples showed similar diameter and saturation magnetization values, while the citrate-coated sample showed striking diferente values. In particular, the 2B cit sample showed lower values of particle size (determined from Scherrer relation), saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy. Those results corroborate with a core-shell nanoparticle model. The magnetic hyperthermia studies, perfomed around 300kHz, revealed that sample 2B had a higher magneto-thermal effiency when compared with the 2B cit one. Dynamic hysteresis curves, obtained within the linear response regime, were capable to explian qualitatively the experimental data. The phenomena was related to a lower magnetic anisotropy for the 2B cit nanoparticles. In addition, the biocompatible magnetic colloid (2B cit) showed SAR values around 50 W/g of MnFe 2 O 4 at the high field limit. However, differently from results reported in the literature, based upon magnetite/maghemite nanoparticles, saturation is achieved at a lower magnetic field amplitude. This suggest that this type of material has great biomedical potential for low-field magnetic hyperthermia applications, which might be necessary in order to inhibit harmful eddy currents inside the patient’s body. / Neste trabalho investigamos as propriedades magneto-térmicas de nanopartículas à base de ferrita de manganês. As nanopartículas foram sintetizadas pelo método de coprecipitação. Três amostras foram investigadas, são elas: nanopartículas não passivadas (2A), passivadas (2B) e passivadas recobertas com moléculas de citrato (2B cit). As nanoestruturas foram caracterizadas por difração de raios-X (DRX). microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM), magnetometria de amostra vibrante (VSM) e ressonância magnética eletrônica (RME). As amostras não recobertas apresentaram valores de diâmetro e magnetização de saturação semelhantes, enquanto que uma significativa alteração foi evidenciada na amostra recoberta. Esta amostra (2B cit) apresentou valores de diâmetro (utilizando a relação de Scherrer), constante de anisotropia e magnetização menores que as não recobertas. Tais resultados corroboram para a formação de uma nanopartícula do tipo core-shell. Os estudos de magnetohipertermia, realizados em torno de 300kHz, revelaram, ainda, que a amostra 2B apresenta uma eficiência magneto-térmica bem maior que a 2B cit. Curvas de histerese dinâmica, usando a teoria do regime linear, foram capazes de explicar qualitativamente tais resultados. O fenômeno foi explicado pela menor anisotropia magnética da amostra 2B cit. Adicionalmente, o fluido magnético biocompatível (amostra 2B cit) apresentou um SAR em torno de 50 W/g de MnFe 2 O 4 no limite de alto campo. Entretanto, diferentemente de outras amostras da literatura à base de magnetita/maguemita, a saturação foi alcançada em baixa amplitude de campo magnético. Isto sugere, que esta amostra, possui grande potencial biomédico em aplicações de hipertermia magnética com baixa amplitude de campo, as quais são desejáveis para inibir possíveis correntes parasitas em tecidos sadios.
74

Avaliação metabólica de homens idosos portadores de litíase urinária / Metabolic assessment of aging men with urolithiasis

Celso Heitor de Freitas Júnior 09 December 2011 (has links)
OBJETIVOS: O aumento da expectativa de vida tem gerado um envelhecimento populacional global, fazendo com que a proporção de indivíduos com mais de 60 anos de idade cresça mais rapidamente do que as demais faixas etárias. A incidência de litíase urinária em indivíduos idosos tem aumentado nos últimos anos, principalmente em nações industrializadas. Aspectos particulares do envelhecimento orgânico aumentam a morbidade associada à litíase urinária em idosos, tornando a prevenção e o tratamento clínico ainda mais relevantes nessa faixa etária. Nosso objetivo é analisar a avaliação metabólica de homens idosos portadores de cálculos renais. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Realizamos um estudo clínico tipo caso-controle. Os critérios de inclusão foram: indivíduos do sexo masculino com mais de 60 anos de idade, com antecedente de cólica renal ou diagnóstico incidental de litíase urinária após os 60 anos (grupo caso); no grupo controle foram incluídos pacientes da mesma faixa etária sem antecedente de cólica renal ou diagnóstico incidental de litíase renal. Todos os participantes foram submetidos à anamnese e aqueles selecionados realizaram perfil metabólico para diagnóstico de litíase urinária: dosagem sérica de cálcio total, cálcio ionizado, ácido úrico, fósforo, glicemia, uréia, creatinina e paratormônio (PTH); coleta de urina para urocultura e pH urinário, e amostras de urina de 24 horas para quantificação do volume e dosagem de cálcio, citrato, creatinina, ácido úrico e sódio. Foram também submetidos à radiografia simples de abdome e ultrassonografia do aparelho urinário. Os indivíduos do grupo caso realizaram dois perfis metabólicos completos de urina de 24 horas, enquanto os do grupo controle somente um perfil. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Cento e dez indivíduos foram convocados e, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, 70 foram selecionados. Cinquenta e um indivíduos concluíram a investigação clínica, sendo 25 no grupo caso e 26 no controle. Cinquenta e seis por cento dos pacientes do grupo caso apresentaram hipocitratúria comparados a 15,4% do grupo controle (p=0,002). A determinação de sódio em urina de 24 horas também apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre casos e controles: 64% versus 30,8%, respectivamente (p=0,017). Estes resultados foram submetidos à análise de regressão logística univariada e múltipla, respectivamente, e mantiveram seus níveis de significância. CONCLUSÃO: A hipocitratúria e a hipernatriúria são os principais distúrbios metabólicos apresentados por indivíduos idosos do sexo masculino portadores de cálculo urinário / PURPOSES: Rise in life expectancy has caused a global populational ageing and people older than 60-years have increased more than any other age group. The incidence of urinary lithiasis in aging people has increased during the last years, mainly in developed nations. Some aspects concerning organic ageing increase morbidity related to urolithiasis in older individuals making prevention and medical management of urinary stones relevant in this age group. Our objective is to evaluate metabolic parameters in men older than 60 years with urinary stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was performed. Inclusion criteria were: men older than 60- years old with renal pain episodes or incidental diagnosis of urinary lithiasis beginning after 60-years old (case arm). Control group was constituted by patients older than 60 years without renal colic past or diagnosis of urolithiasis. Patients were recruited from a database from the Urologic Clinic at University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital. Each individual was submitted to anamnesis and those selected underwent a metabolic evaluation for urinary stones: serum dosages of total and ionized calcium, uric acid, phosphorus, glucose, urea, creatinine and parathyroid hormone (PTH); urine culture and urinary pH. Twenty four hour urine samples were obtained for volume quantification and for calcium, citrate, creatinine, uric acid and sodium dosages. An abdominal x-ray and ultrasonography were performed in all patients. Case arm patients underwent two complete metabolic urinary investigations while control arm individuals to only one. All results were submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and ten individuals were called up for initial evaluation and 70 were selected. Fifty-one individuals concluded the whole clinical investigation: 25 in the case arm and 26 in the control arm. Hypocitraturia was present in 56% of case arm patients and 15,4% of the control arm patients (p=0,002). Hypernatriuria in 24-hour urine samples was found in 64% of case arm patients and in 30,8% of control arm patients (p=0,017). These results were submitted to univariate and multiple logistic regressions and maintained their levels of significancy. CONCLUSION: Hypocitraturia and hypernatriuria are the main metabolic disorders among aging men with urolithiasis
75

Effects of Exposure to the Phthalate Substitute Acetyl Tributyl Citrate in Female CD-1 Mice

Vance, Lindsay Marie Rasmussen, Vance, Lindsay Marie Rasmussen January 2016 (has links)
Some plasticizers are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that cause reproductive toxicity in both males and females. Several chemicals already approved by the Food and Drug Administration have been proposed as substitutes for some of these plasticizers, one example is acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC). However, no studies have tested whether ATBC causes direct toxicity to the ovary. Ovarian antral follicles are essential for female fertility because they are the major producers of ovarian steroids and are the only follicle type that can ovulate in response to gonadotropin stimulation. Previous studies have used in-vitro ovarian follicle culture as a screening tool to demonstrate that EDCs can cause direct ovarian toxicity. Therefore, we designed this study to test whether exposure to in vitro treatment with ATBC causes ovarian toxicity in CD-1 mice. We mechanically isolated antral follicles from the ovaries of adult CD-1 mice (35-39 days old) and individually exposed them (n=5 cultures with n≥8 follicles per treatment) to supplemented media alone (NT), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, vehicle for ATBC), and ATBC (0.001-100 µg/mL) for 24-72 h. Follicle growth and survival were monitored by measuring follicle diameter and cytotoxicity (compromised membrane integrity; CellTox Green) every 24 h, and assessing number of metabolically active cells (ATP concentration; Promega CellTiterGlo) at the end time point. The DNA synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea (HU, 100 mM) was used as a positive control for the viability assays. Exposure to ATBC did not affect the ability of antral follicles to increase their diameter over time at all concentrations tested. When stratified by growth pattern, there was not a significant difference in the proportion of follicles growing normally, growing slowly, or not growing following ATBC exposure at all concentrations tested. ATBC treatment did not cause compromised membrane integrity and did not inhibit ATP production at any of the concentrations tested. The positive control, HU, inhibited follicle growth (24-72 h), decreased follicle cell membrane integrity (72 h), and inhibited ATP production (24-72 h). The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the effects of oral exposure to ATBC in female CD-1 mice. For the in vivo experiments, the female mice (n=22; PND 81) were randomly divided into treatment groups and dosed according to daily body weight with one of the following treatments: corn oil (vehicle, n=7), 5 mg/kg/day ATBC (n=8), or 10 mg/kg/day (n=7) ATBC for 15 consecutive days. Vaginal smears were performed and analyzed daily to measure any change in estrous cyclicity. After the 15th day of dosing the female mice were introduced into an individually housed proven breeder male’s cage. Daily body weight measurements continued and plug checks were performed every morning. Pregnancy and time to conception data did not statistically differ from the vehicle (oil) for all ATBC treatments (days to conception: vehicle 2.43 ± 0.65, 5 mg/kg/day ATBC 2 ± 0.33, 10 mg/kg/day ATBC 2.5 ± 0.22; gestation length: vehicle 19.71 ± 0.18, 5 mg/kg/day ATBC 20 ± 0.19, 10 mg/kg/day ATBC 20 ± 0.00). On the day of parturition the dams and pups were sacrificed; organ weight and gross morphology data was collected for: uterus, kidneys, adrenals, spleen, liver, and ovaries. The data analyzed includes: estrous cyclicity, pre-dosing body weight % gain, dosing body weight % gain, pregnant body weight % gain, organ weight, gestation length, litter size (live vs. dead), litter weight, implantation sites, time to conception, and pup sex ratio. Interestingly, there was an increase in spleen weight at the 5 mg/kg/day treatment when compared to vehicle control-treated spleen weights (spleen weight, Oil: n=7; 5 mg/kg ATBC: n= 8). Treatment with 5 mg/kg/day ATBC caused a significant decrease in average estrous cycle length in days compared to the pre-dosing average estrous cycle length. Animals exposed orally to 10 mg/kg/day ATBC showed a significant decrease in total follicle number (10 mg/kg/day ATBC, 313 ± 20.37) when compared to vehicle (oil) treated mice (vehicle, 433.71 ± 34.85). Also treatment with 10 mg/kg/day ATBC resulted in significant reduction in secondary (101.67 ± 5.7) and late antral (4.17 ± 1.45) follicle numbers when compared to the vehicle-treated mice (secondary follicles: 141.14 ± 14.79, late antral follicles: 7.00 ± 1.54). ATBC treatment with 10 mg/kg/day showed a significantly decreased mean body weight percent gain during pregnancy on days 3, 5, and 14 when compared to animals treated with vehicle (oil), while animals treated with 5 mg/kg/day ATBC showed a significant decrease in weight gained on only day 13 when compared to the vehicle (oil). These novel findings show that ATBC could disrupt ovarian function in mice when exposed to low-dose ATBC.
76

Desenvolvimento de materiais poliméricos bioativos à base de gelatina e própolis / Development of bioactive gelatin and propolis based polymeric materials

Renata Barbosa Bodini 28 February 2011 (has links)
O interesse na aplicação de embalagens ativas para conservação de alimentos tem aumentado, bem como uma maior demanda por substâncias antimicrobianas naturais, devido à maior consciência dos consumidores quanto aos potenciais riscos à saúde ocasionados pelo consumo de compostos sintéticos. Entre os aditivos naturais, a própolis, por suas propriedades antibacteriana, antioxidante e antifúngica, tem despertado o interesse dos pesquisadores. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito da adição do extrato etanólico de própolis (EEP) em filmes à base de gelatina plastificados com citrato de acetiltributila (CA) ou sorbitol (S), nas propriedades funcionais (propriedades mecânicas, solubilidade, permeabilidade ao vapor de água, parâmetros de cor e opacidade) e a atividade antimicrobiana dos filmes contra Staphylococcus aureus. Para a produção do EEP, 30g de resina de própolis (tipo 12) foram misturadas com 100mL de álcool etílico 80%, e a solução foi mantida sob agitação mecânica (500rpm, 30minutos) a 50ºC, e filtrada após 24horas sob refrigeração. Os filmes foram produzidos por casting com 2g de gelatina/100g de solução filmogênica, 30g de CA ou S/100g de gelatina, 35g de lecitina/100g de plastificante e o EEP nas concentrações de 0, 5, 40 ou 200g/100g de gelatina, e avaliados quanto às suas propriedades mecânicas (tração e perfuração), solubilidade em água (Sol), cor e opacidade, permeabilidade ao vapor de água (PVA), espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, após acondicionamento (5 dias, UR = 58%, T = 25ºC). A atividade antimicrobiana dos filmes contra Staphylococcus aureus foi analisada pelo método da difusão em ágar. A incorporação de EEP causou variação na tensão (T) dos filmes com CA (58,7 a 66,4MPa), mas afetou mais intensamente os filmes com S (31,7 a 50,4MPa). Quanto à elongação (%), os filmes (CA e S) também apresentaram variações. Na perfuração, verificou-se que a adição de EEP não afetou significativamente a força máxima para ambos os plastificantes. Para a solubilidade em água, o filme com CA apresentou aumento significativo (Sol = 18,6%) para 200% de EEP, contudo, os filmes com S praticamente não variaram. Quanto à cor, para ambos os plastificantes estudados (CA e S) o aumento da concentração de EEP promoveu alterações significativas de L*, a*, b*, ΔE* e opacidade. As análises de PVA dos filmes (CA e S) mostraram que o aumento na concentração de EEP aumentou a propriedade de barreira dos filmes. Segundo a análise de FTIR, os filmes aditivados não apresentaram mudanças estruturais em relação ao controle, o que sugere que o EEP encontra-se disperso na matriz. As micrografias mostraram que a adição de EEP causou alterações, principalmente, nos filmes plastificados com S. A atividade contra S. aureus foi observada para os filmes (CA e S) com 40 e 200% de EEP, com aumento significativo do diâmetro de inibição em função do aumento da concentração de EEP. Os filmes mantiveram sua atividade antimicrobiana durante 177 dias de armazenamento. Estes resultados demonstraram a capacidade antimicrobiana dos filmes de gelatina aditivados com própolis, bem como sua estabilidade em função do tempo. / The interest in the use of active packaging for food conservation has increased, along with a higher demand for natural antimicrobial substances, due to higher consumer awareness of the potential health risks caused by synthetic compounds consumption. Among natural additives, propolis, has awaken the interest of the researchers for its antibacterial, antioxidant and antifungal properties. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the addition of an ethanolic propolis extract (EPE) to gelatin-based films plasticized with acetyltributyl citrate (AC) or sorbitol (S), on the functional properties (mechanical properties, solubility, water vapor permeability, color parameters and opacity) and the antimicrobial activity of the films against Staphylococcus aureus. For the EPE production, 30g for the propolis resin (type 12) were mixed with 100mL ethyl alcohol (80%), and the solution was maintained under mechanical stirring (500rpm, 30minutes) at 50°C, and filtered after 24hours under refrigeration. The films were produced by casting, using 2g of gelatin/100g of film forming solution, 30g of AC or S/100 g of gelatin, 35g of lecithin/100g of plasticizer and EPE in the concentrations of 0, 5, 40 or 200g/100g of gelatin, and evaluated for their mechanical properties (traction and puncture tests), water solubility (Sol), color and opacity, water vapor permeability (WVP), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy, after storage (5 days, relative humidity = 58%, temperature = 25°C). The antimicrobial activity of the films against Staphylococcus aureus was analyzed by agar diffusion method. The EPE addition caused variation of the tensile strength (T) of the films with AC (58.7 a 66.4MPa), but affected more intensely the films with S (31.7 a 50.4MPa). The films (AC and S) also presented variations for the elongation (%). For the puncture force, the addition did not affect significantly the maximum force for any of the plasticizers. For the water solubility, the films with AC presented significant increase (Sol = 18,6%) for 200% of EPE, however the films with S did not vary. For both plasticizers studied (AC and S), the increase of EPE concentration promoted significant changes of the color parameters, L*, a*, b*, ΔE* and opacity. The WVP analysis of the films (AC and S) showed that the increase of the EPE concentration increased the barrier property of the films. According to FTIR analysis, the EPE addition in the films did not present structural changes compared to the control, suggesting that the EPE was disperse in the protein matrix. The micrographs showed that the EPE addition caused changes mainly in films plasticized with S. The activity against S. aureus was observed for the films containing 40 and 200% of EPE, with significant increase of inhibition diameter with increase of EPE concentration. The films kept their antimicrobial activities during 177 days of storage. These results demonstrated the antimicrobial capacity of gelatin-based films added of propolis, and their stability in time.
77

Análise do promotor bidirecional que controla os genes citrato sintase e isocitrato liase do fungo filamentoso Trichoderma reesei. / Analysis of a bidirectional promoter controlling the expression of the citrate synthase and isocitrate lyase genes in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei

Estela Ynés Valencia Morante 11 August 2006 (has links)
O gene TrCit do fungo filamentoso Trichoderma reesei codifica a proteína citrato sintase, uma enzima chave do ciclo de Krebs. Análise da região 5´ upstream de TrCit mostra que o gene está adjacente ao gene TrIcl (que codifica a proteína isocitrato liase, uma enzima do ciclo de glioxalato), em uma orientação cabeça-cabeça. A região promotora intergênica de 647 pb rica em G + C, apresenta uma ilha CpG, seqüência INR, caixas GC, caixas CAAT, sítios de ligação para diversos fatores de transcrição e é isenta de caixa TATA. O gene TrCit de 1573 pb contém 3 éxons e 2 íntrons. Sua seqüência codificadora de 1422 pb produz uma proteína de 474 aminoácidos, com um peso molecular estimado de 52,3 kD. O gene TrIcl de 1880 pb contém 3 éxons e 2 íntrons. Sua seqüência codificadora de 1788 pb produz uma proteína de 596 aminoácidos, com um peso molecular estimado de 65,4 kD. A atividade transcricional da região promotora foi analisada utilizando como repórter o gene de higromicina B fosfotransferase (hph). Uma região funcional necessária à transcrição de ambos os genes foi identificada na região central do promotor e contém uma caixa GC que liga o putativo fator de transcrição Sp1 de T. reesei (TrZnFSp1). O gene do putativo fator de transcrição “zinc-finger” TrZnFSp1 de 1500 pb contém 3 éxons e 2 íntrons. Sua seqüência codificadora de 1344 pb produz uma proteína de 448 aminoácidos, com um peso molecular estimado de 48,4 kD. Os resultados mostram que ambos os genes são transcritos de forma divergente a partir de um promotor bidirecional que compartilha na região central uma caixa GC, necessária para a transcrição de ambos os genes. / The TrCit gene from the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei codes for the citrate synthase protein, a key enzyme in the Krebs cycle. Analysis of TrCit 5’ upstream region showed that it is adjacent to the TrIcl gene that codes for isocitrate lyase protein, an enzyme involved in the glyoxylate cycle. Both genes, on a head-to-head orientation, are separated by an intergenic GC-rich and TATA-less promoter region of 647 base pairs. This bidirectional promoter has diverse cis regulatory elements: a CpG island, two INR sequences, GC boxes, CAAT boxes and several putative interaction sites for different transcription factors. The TrCit gene, 1,573-base pair-long, has an open reading frame of 1,422 base pairs interrupted by two introns. The gene codes for a protein with an estimated molecular weight of 52.3 kD. The TrIcl gene, 1,880-base pair-long, contains 3 exons and 2 introns and a putative coding sequence of 1,788 base pairs. The estimated molecular weight of TrICL is 65.4 kD. he transcriptional activity of the intergenic promoter region was analyzed using hygromicin B phosphotransferase (hph) as a reporter gene. A functional region required for the transcription of both genes was identified in the centre of this promoter. It has a GC box that interacts with a putative transcription factor Sp1 from T. reesei (TrZnFSp1). The results presented in this work show that both genes are divergently transcribed from a bidirectional promoter that shares an essential central GC box.
78

Doprinos odsumporavanju otpadnih gasova citratnim postupkom / A contribution to desulphurization of waste gases by citrate solution

Cvejanov Jelena 15 March 2002 (has links)
<p><strong>Apstrakt je obrađen tehnologijama za optičko prepoznavanje teksta (OCR).</strong></p><p>Sumporni oksidi najče&scaron;će prisutni polutanti u atmosferi direktno utiču na zdravlje Ijudi i stvaranje kiselih ki&scaron;a ugrožavajući ekosistem. Razvijen je veliki proj postupaka odsumporavanja otpadnih gasova, dok je u naj&scaron;iroj upotrebi mokri neregenerativni postupak apsorpcije koji koristi jeftine hemikalije, kreč ili krečnjak. Zbog toga se posebna pažnja posvečuje i ispitivanju regenerativnih postupaka kod kojih se apsorpciono sredstvo delimično ili u potpunosti regeneri&scaron;e, a pri čemu su gubici apsorpcionog fluida zanemarljivi. Postupak sa limunskom kiselinom upravo ispunjava poslednji zahtev. Ostale prednosti ovog postupka su fleksibilnost, bez prisustva koplikovanih procesnih postupaka, mali oksidacioni gubici sumpor dioksida i netoksičnost reagensa.<br />Pri projektovanju kolone za odsumporavanje otpadnih gasova neophodno je poznavanje ravnotežnih podatka para-tečnost, hidrodinamičkih parametara (pad pritiska i količina zadržane tečnosti) i prenosa mase kao jednog od direktnih pokazatelja brzine apsorpcije ili ukupne brzine reakcije.<br />Izveden je matematički model ravnoteže za predvidjanje ravnotežnog parcijalnog pritiska sumpor dioksida iznad vodenog rastvora natrijum citrata za ceo opseg pH vrednosti pufera i temperature na osnovu eksperimentalnih vrednosti. Zaustavnom metodom je odredjena količina zadržane tečnosti u koloni. Analizirane su jednačine date u literaturi za predvidjanje pada pritiska i zapreminskih koeficijenata prenosa mase i odabrane one koje se mogu primeniti na odabrani sistem sumpor dioksid/citratni pufer.<br />Na osnovu eksperimentalnih podataka para-tečnost, hidrodinamičkih parametara i odabranih jednačina za prenos mase, izvr&scaron;en je proračun visine apsorpcione kolone sa Raschigovim prstenovima za izdvajanje sumpor dioksida iz otpadnog gasa i pokazano je da pad pritiska za eksperimentalno primenjene protoke gasa i tečnosti odgovara literaturno predloženom opsegu.</p> / <p><strong>Abstract was processed by technology for Optical character recognition (OCR).</strong></p><p>Control of sulfur dioxide emission has a relatively long history, especially in major industrial countries due to its common occurence and harmful effects. A number of dry and wet process comprising regenerable and throw-away process were investigated, but the wet throw-away process become the most widely accepted. The use of the flue gas desulphurization process with sodium citrate solution is recommended, as it is found that sodium citrate meets the specific needs of reversible sulphur dioxide absorption to buffer range as well as its capacity, chemical and physical stability.<br />Packed columns are widely used in the chemical industry for gas/liquid mass and heat transfer operations and they have found special use in small fractionating towers. Their use has also been found to be advantageous where corrosion control is essential. Fundamental steps necessary for design of absorption column for sulfur dioxide removal are:<br />- determination of vapor-liguid eguiiibrium data for the citrate buffer,<br />- determination of hydrodynamic parameters, i.e. holdup and pressure drop,<br />- determination gas-liquid mass transfer coefficients.<br />On the basis of the experimentally determined vapour pressures data, a model of the gas- equilibria was formulated. Holdups were measured for air/sodium citrate solution using the draining method. Also, literature-proposed eguations for determination of pressure drop, volumetric liquid-phase and gas-phase mass transfer coefficient in packed column were presented and chosen those that could be applied to flue gas/citrate puffer system. Therefore, on the base of obtained results the preposition for the design of packed column is presented.</p>
79

EXAMINATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL CIT3 IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE AS THE GENE FOR METHYLCITRATE SYNTHASE

Graybill, Eric R. 25 October 2006 (has links)
No description available.
80

Surface Complexes Of Lead And Organic Acids At The Hematite / Water Interface

Noerpel, Matthew Robet January 2015 (has links)
No description available.

Page generated in 0.0388 seconds