Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSCs/HPCs) transplantation is a curative treatment for a variety of hematologic and non-hematologic diseases. Successful HSC transplantation requires infusing patients with a sufficient number of long-term engrafting HSCs. As a result, research efforts have focused on optimizing the collection process. Previous work established that harvesting mouse bone marrow HSCs under low oxygen tension similar to that reported for the bone marrow niche in situ (physioxia), results in enhanced HSC recovery and function. However, collecting bone marrow cells under physioxia is not a clinically viable approach. Here, I demonstrated that the collection and processing of peripheral blood mobilized with G-CSF alone or G-CSF and Plerixafor under physioxia resulted in a greater number of phenotypically defined long-term engrafting HSCs. Using high-resolution single cell sequencing to explore the molecular programs governing HSCs under physioxia, I identified increased expression of genes involved in HSC self-renewal and maintenance. In contrast, HSCs under ambient air upregulated genes implicated in HSC differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, wild-type HSCs under physioxia revealed a significant reduction in gene expression and activity of the epigenetic modifier Tet2. Consequently, I evaluated the phenotyping, engraftment potential and gene expression of preleukemic Tet2-/- bone marrow cells under physioxia and ambient air. Unlike wild-type HSCs, Tet2-/- HSCs/HPCs were unresponsive to changes in oxygen tension. Notably, we observed similar phenotypes, functions, and self-renewal and quiescence gene expression in wild-type HSCs under physioxia and Tet2- /- HSCs under physioxia or ambient air. These findings imply that the preserved stemness and enhanced engraftment of HSCs under physioxia may in part be a result of Tet2 downregulation. Understanding the mechanisms regulating wild-type and preleukemic HSCs under physioxia will have therapeutic implications for optimizing HSC transplantation and mitigating the growth advantage of preleukemic stem cells. / 2022-12-15

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23772号 / 医博第4818号 / 新制||医||1056(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 村川 泰裕, 教授 松田 文彦, 教授 篠原 隆司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Les facteurs régulant l’hématopoïèse en contexte de vieillissement s’avèrent incomplètement compris. Nous avons étudié les déterminants de la variabilité des traits de la formule sanguine complète dans une cohorte de 2996 femmes apparentées et non-apparentées d’ascendance française du Québec âgées de 55 à 101 ans. Les déterminants héréditaires ont été évalués par étude d’association pan-génomique. Des facteurs acquis, incluant comorbidités et hématopoïèse clonale, ont aussi été évalués. Des analyses multivariées ont été réalisées avec des modèles linéaires mixtes généralisés. Nous avons identifié des variants dans la région de GSDMA et PSMD3-CSF3 significativement associés au décompte de neutrophiles et un polymorphisme intronique à ARHGEF3 associé au décompte plaquettaire. L’effet de certains variants diminuait avec l’âge. Avec l’âge, les décomptes de neutrophiles et monocytes augmentaient tandis que le décompte des lymphocytes décroissait. Les valeurs de neutrophiles (4,1x109/L vs 3,83x109/L, valeur-p <0,001), monocytes (0,50x109/L vs 0,45x109/L, valeur-p <0,001) et plaquettes (259x109/L vs 243x109/L, valeur-p <0,001) étaient augmentées lors de comorbidités cardiométaboliques (maladie coronarienne, hypertension, diabète, dyslipidémie). L’hématopoïèse clonale ne modifiait pas les décomptes. En conclusion, nous identifions des déterminants génétiques héréditaires contribuant à la variabilité des décomptes cellulaires sanguins dans une cohorte vieillissante. De plus, le vieillissement est associé à des niveaux accrus de neutrophiles et monocytes et une diminution des lymphocytes indiquant un biais myéloïde, lequel est majoré lors de comorbidités métaboliques. L’hématopoïèse clonale ne contribue pas à ce biais myéloïde. Ces résultats supportent le fait que des facteurs extrinsèques, possiblement via un effet inflammatoire, promeuvent le biais myéloïde relié à l’âge. / Our understanding of the factors regulating peripheral blood cell traits in the setting of aging remains incomplete. We investigated the determinants underlying blood cell trait variability in a cohort of 2996 related and unrelated women of French ancestry from Québec aged 55 to 101 years. We performed a genome-wide association study to assess for genetic variants. We also assessed the impact of acquired factors such as chronic comorbidities and clonal hematopoiesis. Multivariate analyses were subsequently performed using generalized linear mixed models. We identify variants in the region of GSDMA and PSMD3-CSF3 that meet genome-wide requirements for neutrophil counts and a variant intronic to ARHGEF3 for platelet counts. With aging, the effect of certain variants decreased. Aging was associated with increasing neutrophil and monocyte counts and decreasing lymphocyte counts. We also document that individuals with cardiometabolic comorbidities (diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension and dyslipidemia) exhibit significantly higher neutrophil (4.1x109/L vs 3.83x109/L, p-value <0.001), monocyte (0.50x109/L vs 0.45x109/L p-value <0.001), and platelet (259x109/L vs 243x109/L, p-value <0.001) counts. Clonal hematopoiesis did not contribute significantly to these traits. In conclusion, germline variants related to GSDMA and PSMD3-CSF3 contribute to neutrophil counts and a SNP intronic to ARHGEF3 contributes to platelet counts. Aging is associated with a myeloid shift with increased levels of neutrophils and monocytes, and reduced lymphocyte counts. This myeloid-biased skewing is further increased with cardiometabolic comorbidities. Clonal hematopoiesis does not contribute to this phenomenon. These findings support that cellextrinsic factors may contribute to the myeloid shift possibly through low-grade inflammation.