We compile observations of early-type binaries identified via spectroscopy, eclipses, long-baseline interferometry, adaptive optics, common proper motion, etc. Each observational technique is sensitive to companions across a narrow parameter space of orbital periods P and mass ratios q. =. M-comp/M-1. After combining the samples from the various surveys and correcting for their respective selection effects, we find that the properties of companions to O-type and B-type main-sequence (MS) stars differ among three regimes. First, at short orbital periods P less than or similar to 20. days (separations a less than or similar to 0.4 au), the binaries have small eccentricities e... 0.4, favor modest mass ratios < q > less than or similar to 0.5, and exhibit a small excess of twins q. >. 0.95. Second, the companion frequency peaks at intermediate periods log P (days). approximate to. 3.5 (a approximate to 10 au), where the binaries have mass ratios weighted toward small values q. approximate to 0.2-0.3 and follow a Maxwellian " thermal" eccentricity distribution. Finally, companions with long orbital periods log P (days). approximate to 5.5-7.5 (a approximate to 200-5000 au) are outer tertiary components in hierarchical triples and have a mass ratio distribution across q. approximate to 0.1-1.0 that is nearly consistent with random pairings drawn from the initial mass function. We discuss these companion distributions and properties in the context of binary-star formation and evolution. We also reanalyze the binary statistics of solar-type MS primaries, taking into account that 30% +/-. 10% of single-lined spectroscopic binaries likely contain white dwarf companions instead of low-mass stellar secondaries. The mean frequency of stellar companions with q. >. 0.1 and log P (days). <. 8.0 per primary increases from 0.50. +/- 0.04 for solar-type MS primaries to 2.1. +/- 0.3 for O-type MS primaries. We fit joint probability density functions f (M-1, q, P, e) not equal f (M-1) f (q) f (P) f (e) to the corrected distributions, which can be incorporated into binary population synthesis studies.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / During the Gulf War, millions of people around the globe, courtesy of CNN, witnessed the seemingly massive use of precision-guided weapons against Iraqi targets in the largest air campaign since World War II. Most of the missions were flown against Iraqi targets with no friendly forces on the ground. This type of air campaign is known as Deep Air Support, or 'DAS'. Equally as important, but receiving less spectacular news coverage, is Close Air support, or 'CAS'. When conducting CAS missions, the chance for 'Friendly Fire' incidents, injuring or killing your own troops on the ground, increases dramatically as compared to DAS missions. This may seem to be an obvious deduction since there are no friendly troops on the ground during a DAS mission but when small, specialized units, such as SEALS, Special Operations Forces (SOF), or reconnaissance forces find themselves in the deep battlespace, operating in a low intensity conflict (LIC) environment, these simple doctrinal distinctions can sometimes lead to confusion, or worse, friendly fire fatalities on the battlefield. It could be argued that there is a disconnect between joint doctrine and joint training which creates an environment on the LIC battlefield, as well as in training, that can lead to faulty execution of CAS missions, and potentially disastrous results, jeopardizing the safety of the very same ground personnel we are trying to support. / Major, United States Marine Corps

We present a spectral analysis of the spectrum from the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (HST/COS) of the southern VY Scl nova-like variable BB Doradus, obtained as part of a Cycle 20 HST/COS survey of accreting white dwarfs (WDs) in cataclysmic variables. BB Dor was observed with COS during an intermediate state with a low mass accretion rate, thereby allowing an estimate of the WD temperature. The results of our spectral analysis show that the WD is a significant far-ultraviolet (FUV) component of the spectrum with a temperature of about 35,000-50,000 K, assuming a WD mass of 0.80 M-circle dot (log(g) = 8.4). The disk, with a mass accretion rate of approximate to 10(-10) M-circle dot yr(-1), contributes about 1/5 to 1/2 of the FUV flux.

Bakgrund: Stroke är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till funktionsnedsättningar och död i Sverige. De flesta som fått en stroke blir beroende av stöd från sina anhöriga. Anhöriga bör delta i vården av den som fått stroke för att underlätta i deras tillvaro. Syfte: Att beskriva upplevelsen av att vara anhörig till en människa som har fått stroke. Metod: En litteraturstudie med tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar med beskrivande syntes. Resultat: Först kände de anhöriga en osäkerhet över situationen, en känsla av kaos uppstod och de var oroliga inför framtiden. Sedan kände de anhöriga sig ensamma i tillvaron, de upplevde brist i stödet från hälso- och sjukvården samt obehag över det stora ansvaret som nu följde. De anhöriga började sedan acceptera framtiden, de kände tacksamhet över sin livssituation och de började omprioritera sitt liv. Slutsats: Genom att låta sjuksköterskor ta del av de anhörigas upplevelser kan de ge bättre och mer anpassad information och stöd individuellt till de anhöriga. Detta skulle ge patienten ett bättre stöd och minska onödigt lidande. / Background: In Sweden, Stroke is one of the most common causes to disability and death. Stroke can provide serious consequences and most of patients need to be helped by their close family members. It is important for close family members to be involved in the care of patients who have had a stroke to facilitate the life. Aim: To describe the experience of being a close family member of a person who has had a stroke. Method: A literature review based on ten qualitative scientific articles with descriptive synthesis. Result: At first, close family members felt the uncertainty of the situation because of a sense of chaos and worries about future. At second, they felt loneliness in life because they experienced a lack of support from health care and overwhelming responsibility that followed. Lastly, the family members accepted the future because they felt gratitude for their lives and they began to re-prioritize their life. Conclusion: By allowing nurses to take more knowledge of the family members' experience, they can understand why it is important to provide better and more detailed and individual support to the family members. This would give the patient a better support and reduce unnecessary suffering.

O setor de serviços tem fundamental importância para a economia global, porém o layout de organizações deste setor tipicamente não é abordado com a mesma intensidade com que se discute arranjo físico em ambientes industriais. O objetivo desta dissertação reside na aplicação de sistemáticas de concepção de layout com vistas ao planejamento e aprimoramento do arranjo físico e agrupamento de recursos de uma biblioteca. Como objetivos específicos, traz a aplicação do planejamento sistemático de layout (SLP) para o posicionamento de recursos e organização dos fluxos de uma biblioteca, e a adaptação do algoritmo Close Neighbor para agrupamento de materiais bibliográficos (livros) em prateleiras de acordo com sua área de abrangência. Para tanto, inicialmente apresentam-se as características da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia da UFRGS (local de aplicação do estudo), a análise da movimentação de pessoas e de materiais, a abordagem proposta e as diretrizes para organização do arranjo físico da biblioteca e do acervo de livros. Dentre outros procedimentos operacionais, fez-se necessária a realização de reuniões com a equipe da biblioteca e com a direção da Faculdade de Farmácia, visando a estabelecer prioridades e definir características desejadas para o arranjo físico do espaço em estudo. Na sequência, implantou-se a proposta de layout selecionada, seguida de uma discussão acerca do desempenho da biblioteca antes e depois da implantação do novo layout; tal discussão foi baseada tanto em resultados numéricos (análise quantitativa) como na percepção da equipe envolvida (análise qualitativa). / The service sector is of fundamental importance to the global economy, but the layout of organizations in this sector is typically not approached with the same intensity with which physical arrangement is discussed in industrial environments. The objective of this dissertation is to apply layout design systematics with a view to planning and improving the physical arrangement and grouping of library resources. As a specific goal, the application of systematic layout planning (SLP) for the positioning of resources and organization of a library's flows, and the adaptation of the Close Neighbor algorithm for grouping bibliographic materials (books) into shelves according to their area of comprehensiveness. In order to do so, the characteristics of the Library of the Faculty of Pharmacy of UFRGS (place of application of the study), the analysis of the movement of people and materials, the proposed approach and the guidelines for the organization of the physical arrangement of the library and of the collection of books. Among other operational procedures, it was necessary to hold meetings with the library staff and the Faculty of Pharmacy, in order to establish priorities and define desired characteristics for the physical arrangement of the space under study. Next, the selected layout proposal was implanted, followed by a discussion about the library's performance before and after the implementation of the new layout; such a discussion was based on both numerical results (quantitative analysis) and the perception of the team involved (qualitative analysis).

In modern society globalisation is a fact within all industries, the textile industry included. Due to improvement in areas such as logistics and communication international trade have developed fast. As changes occur rapidly on the global market and companies must adjust and revise their processes in order to stay competitive.Because of the global price reduction consumers around the world expect low-price products, which mean that the companies have to find new ways to produce in a cost-efficient way. To maximize profit most of the textile production is situated in low-cost countries due to its labour-intensive character. It is crucial for fashion companies to allocate their activities in their value-chain effectively in order to reduce lead-times. Companies must co-operate within the value chain in order to be competitive on the market.Due to the fact that most textile companies produce in geographical distant countries problems occur. The distance makes it more difficult to shorten lead-times and it is also more difficult to control the suppliers. An alternative for the companies is to find a country close-by to produce in.Consumers used to base their purchasing decision on price and quality but today they are more well-informed and have other demands, amongst them ethical production. Because of this many companies have begun to implement CSR in their organisation which is an ethical and environmental way of conducting business.In our thesis we ask how a textile company organize their value chain with a ethical- and environmental perspective, what they may gain from it and how northern Africa is as a productioarea for southern Europe.We have had a hermeneutic approach throughout our essay. The aim is to understand the textile value-chain seen from an ethical and environmental perspective. A qualitative method of research has been applied since we made a case-study at a company called Mango. Secondary data has been obtained from literature and reports. A large part of our empirics has been gathered through interviews and our own experiences from visits in Spain and Morocco.The most distinct conclusion in our thesis is that companies who work with CSR have to implement it throughout the entire value chain. To make CSR efficient the company must have a ethical foundation based upon a well-defined code-of-conduct. Companies who practice an ethical production can gain competitive advantages but they must make their stakeholders aware of it. If they chose to produce in a country close-by they can receive other advantages within the Iethical and environmental area, such as shorter transports. What can be ascertained from our thesis is that there are more advantages than disadvantages for companies to produce in an ethical and environmental correct way. / <p>Program: Textilekonomutbildningen</p><p>Uppsatsnivå: C</p>

Adult communicative play is a pervasive interpersonal phenomenon and a defining element of most close friendships. With a few notable exceptions (e.g., Aune & Wong 2002; Aune & Wong, 2012; Baxter, 1992), adult communicative play is largely understudied within the field of interpersonal communication. A primary factor in satisfaction with friends is fulfillment of relational needs, specifically the needs of autonomy, relatedness, and competence, as described by self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985). In this project, I report two studies exploring the impact of play within close friendships. Study 1 examined the relationships between and among adult communicative play, interpersonal needs, and relationship satisfaction in close, same-sex, platonic friends. The results indicated support for all hypotheses, including support for the theoretical path model. In this path model, a) the effect of adult communicative play on relationship satisfaction is mediated by interpersonal need satisfaction and b) the effect of playfulness on satisfaction is fully mediated by play. Study 2 sought, first, to replicate the findings of Study 1 and, second, to extend Study 1 by exploring whether playfulness and play scores of one friend are associated with his or her partner’s satisfaction, as well as whether playfulness scores are associated with a partner’s score on play. Because of poor model fit in Study 2, the results of Study 1 could not be replicated; instead, post hoc alternative models were explored. Furthermore, path analysis results of an actor-partner interdependence model for indistinguishable pairs revealed that one partner’s playfulness is associated with the other’s reporting of play and one partner’s play is associated with the other’s relationship satisfaction. Implications, limitations, and future recommendations are then discussed.

Arguably, the impact of Darwinism on the novel is an indispensable part of the study of English literature. However, with regard to such literary study there is an ongoing aversion towards approaching Darwin outside the confines of his contemporaneous Victorian setting. This thesis explores what remains an extremely under-represented area of current scholarship; namely, the active status of Darwinism as an influence upon contemporary novelists. To address this gap, this study starts by conducting textual and comparative analyses of a representative selection of contemporary British novels, a literary field that, since 1990, has featured significant authors who have found in Darwin a source of intellectual and literary inspiration. The aim is to argue that Darwin's classic texts, and more recent incarnations of his theory such as Sociobiology, are deployed as a materialist discourse, used to subvert various problematic assumptions in the declining Postmodernist philosophy, the previously dominant theoretical paradigm. For novelists including Ian McEwan, A.S. Byatt and Jenny Diski, Darwinism provides the tools to define human nature in an oppositional manner to the Social Constructivism which reduces the human to a blank slate ready for society's dictation. A universal human nature can be seen manifested in biological phenomena including competition, altruism, reproduction and aggression. The treacherous territory of biological determinism is still present, yet the desire to experiment is carried forward by McEwan in Enduring Love and Saturday into the realm of challenging traditional religion. In a more nuanced manner, Jim Crace's Being Dead manages to create a wholly naturalistic narrative of death. Finally, reinstating alterative meta-narratives is a practice that comes fully into its own in contemporary renditions of history. Byatt's Neo-Victorian novels, Possession and Morpho Eugenia, exhibit faith in knowing the past as if it were an evolutionary process of accumulated changes. Moreover, Diski's serio-ironic Monkey's Uncle is focused on how the present is haunted by the past in the form of immortal DNA coils. This study analyses the texts in a manner suggesting a paradigm shift in literary scholarship, where Darwin is no longer seen as simply an ideological threat. As the sciences continue to become more hermeneutically enigmatic, and as literature seems embedded in an elitist Postmodernist trajectory, there is now huge democratic potential in the New Darwinian Novel which invites the everyman of today to participate in the controversies of both disciplines.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the differences and similarities between the original version and an easy-to-read version of Selma Lagerlöfs novel Gösta Berlings saga. The method used is close reading of the two versions and thereby analysing descriptions of the environment, descriptions and psychological depth of the protagonist, missing chapters and changes of the plot. The results show that 21 chapters along with large parts from some of the remaining chapters are missing in the easy-to-read version due to not being necessary to the main story line. An alteration has been made in order to make the story line chronological. The use of invocation and personification of nature by Lagerlöf are missing in the easy-to-read version. There is also fewer details mentioned about the environments in the novel, which is resulting in the reader having to fill in the gaps on his own. The descriptions of the protagonist are few and over all quite similar, though some details are left out in the easy-to-read version and some clarifications have been made. There is a bigger difference between how thoughts and feelings are described in the texts, resulting in Gösta being a round and dynamic character in the original version and somewhat more flat and static in the easy-to-read version. These differances effect how a classroom discussion might be implemented, since the teacher must adjust the conversation so that it may be relevant for all participants.

This bachelor thesis discusses the concept of genre and the comic Gothic. It is an attempt to demonstrate the conflicts rooted in "genre" by discussing several scholars, such as Alistair Fowler and Mattias Fyhr with their works Kinds of Literature and De mörka labyrinterna respectively, and then problematise the "Gothic" as a genre and as a concept. Thus Avril Horner’s and Sue Zlosnik’s work Gothic and the Comic Turn is consulted through the discussion. The questions I ask are the following: What is a literary genre? How is the comic Gothic described by the researchers, and how does comic Gothic work in A. Lee Martinez’ novel Gil’s All Fright Diner (2005)? How can one use these questions in the classroom? The used methods in the thesis are genre analysis and close reading. I conclude that genre is a way to understand the relationship between a literary work and various conventions, such as environment and its contemporaries. Genre is also a tool for the reader to understand the traditions, history and other works the read text is related to. The comic inside the Gothic may appear and is as natural to the genre as horror and terror, since the Gothic is always close to self-parody. This can even be observed in the first Gothic novel, Horace Walpole’s Castle of Otranto (1764). Furthermore, Gil’s All Fright Diner uses both the repertoire of classic Gothic and Horner’s and Zlosnik’s findings of the comic turn in the Gothic. Finally, the question regarding the definition of literary genre can be used in the classroom to widen students’ views on both genre itself and the prose they read. The comic Gothic can be used as an example on how genre can appear in different modes. Gil’s All Fright Diner is a thankful text for classroom readings due to its comic and gothic nature, and its contemporary language, themes and styles can make it relatable to students. There is therefore a potential in the concept of genre and the comic Gothic as subjects of discussion in the classroom.