In this dissertation, we study the following two topics, i.e., the union closed set conjecture and the maximum edges cut in connected digraphs. The union-closed-set-conjecture-topic goes as follows. A finite family of finite sets is {\it union closed} if it contains the union of any two sets in it. Let $X_{\mathcal{F}}=\cup_{F\in\mathcal{F}}F$. A union closed family of sets is {\it separating} if for any two distinct elements in $\mathcal{F}$, there is a set in $\mathcal{F}$ containing one of them, but not the other and there does not exist an element which is contained in every set of it. Note that any union closed family $\mathcal{F}$ is a poset with set inclusion as the partial order relation. A separating union closed family $\mathcal{F}$ is {\it irreducible} ({\it normalized}) if $|X_{\mathcal{F}}|$ is the minimum (maximum, resp.) with respect to the poset structure of $\mathcal{F}$. In the part of dissertation related to this topic, we develop algorithms to transfer any given separating union closed family to a/an normalized/irreducible family without changing its poset structure. We also study properties of these two extremal union closed families in connection with the {\it Union Closed Sets Conjecture} of Frankl. Our result may lead to potential full proof of the union closed set conjecture and several other conjectures. The part of the dissertation related to the maximum edge cuts in connected digraphs goes as follows. In a given digraph $D$, a set $F$ of edges is defined to be a {\it directed cut} if there is a nontrivial partition $(X,Y)$ of $V(D)$ such that $F$ consists of all the directed edges from $X$ to $Y$. The maximum size of a directed cut in a given digraph $D$ is denoted by $\Lambda (D)$, and we let $\mathcal{D}(1,1)$ be the set of all digraphs $D$ such that $d^{+}(v)=1$ or $d^{-}(v)=1$ for every vertex $v$ in $D$. In this part of dissertation, we prove that $\Lambda (D) \geq \frac{3}{8}(|E(D)|-1)$ for any connected digraph $D\in\mathcal{D}(1,1)$, which provides a positive answer to a problem of Lehel, Maffray, and Preissmann. Additionally, we consider triangle-free digraphs in $\mathcal{D}(1,1)$ and answer their another question.

In this paper, we show that a pointwise λ -symmetric λ -isotonic λ -closure function is uniquely determined by the pairs of sets it separates. We then show that when the λ -closure function of the domain is λ -isotonic and the λ -closure function of the codomain is λ -isotonic and pointwise- λ -symmetric, functions which separate only those pairs of sets which are already separated are λ -continuous.

The concept of (b, s)-continuous functions in topological spaces is introduced and studied. Some of their characteristic properties are considered. Also we investigate the relationships between these classes of functions and other classes of functions.

Le résultat principal de cette thèse est l'étude de l'ampleur dans des expansions des structures géométriques et de SU-rang oméga par un prédicat dense/codense indépendant. De plus, nous étudions le rapport entre l'ampleur et l'équationalite, donnant une preuve directe de l'équationalite de certaines théories CM-triviales. Enfin, nous considérons la topologie indiscernable et son lien avec l'équationalite et calculons la complexité indiscernable du pseudoplan libre / The main result of this thesis is the study of how ampleness grows in geometric and SU-rank omega structures when adding a new independent dense/codense subset. In another direction, we explore relations of ampleness with equational theories; there, we give a direct proof of the equationality of certain CM-trivial theories. Finally, we study indiscernible closed sets—which are closely related with equations—and measure their complexity in the free pseudoplane

Cette thèse est composée d'une partie sur la conjecture des familles stables par unions et de quatre autres chapitres consacrés aux sujets liés aux suites automatiques. Dans la première partie, on donne une condition suffisante pour qu'une version affaiblie de la conjecture soit vraie. On donne aussi un majorant de la fréquence maximale minimale dans une famille de taille $n$. Dans Chapitre 3 on démontre que la formule d'extraction des coefficients des séries algébriques connue pour les corps à caractéristique $0$ est une conséquence d'un théorème de Furstenberg qui permet d'écrire certaines séries algébriques comme les diagonales des fractions rationnelles à deux variables. Comme ce théorème est valide pour tous les corps, la formule l'est aussi. Dans Chapitre 4 on donne une généralisation des résultats de J.-P. Allouche et J. Shallit concernant certains produits infinis et les fonctions qui comptent le nombre d'occurrences d'un facteur dans l'expansion en base $B$ de $n$. Dans Chapitre 5 on donne une construction explicite d'un mot infini avec complexité en facteur de $\Theta(n^t)$ avec la valuation $p$-adique. Dans Chapitre 6 on donne une nouvelle démonstration de la transcendance de la série formelle $L(1,\chi_s)/\Pi$, où $L$ est un analogue des fonctions $L$ de Dirichlet en caractéristique finie défini par D. Goss et $\Pi$ l'analogue de $\pi$ défini par L. Carlitz. / This thesis comprises one part concerning the union-closed sets conjecture and four other chapters dedicated to subjects related to automatic sequences. In the first part, we give a sufficient condition for a weaker version of the conjecture ($\varepsilon$-union closed sets conjecture) to hold. We also give an upper bound of the minimal maximal frequency for a family of size $n$. In Chapter 3 we prove that the coefficient extraction formula for algebraic series known for fields of characteristic $0$ is a consequence of a theorem of Furstenberg that says certains algebraic series can be written as the diagonals of a rational fractions in two variables. As the theorem is true for all fields, so is the formula. In Chapter 4 we give a generalization of the result of J.-P. Allouche and J. Shallit concerning certain infinite products and block-counting functions. In Chapter 5 we give an explicit construction based on $p$-adic valuation of an infinite word with subword complexity $\Theta(n^t)$. In Chapter 6 we give a new proof of the transcendence of the power series $L(1,\chi_s)/\Pi$, where $L$ is an analogue in positive characteristics of Dirichlet $L$ functions defined by D. Goss and $\Pi$ the analogue of $\pi$ defined by L. Carlitz.

The notion of a fuzzy metric space due to George and Veeramani has many advantages in analysis since many notions and results from classical metric space theory can be extended and generalized to the setting of fuzzy metric spaces, for instance: the notion of completeness, completion of spaces as well as extension of maps. The layout of the dissertation is as follows: Chapter 1 provide the necessary background in the context of metric spaces, while chapter 2 presents some concepts and results from classical metric spaces in the setting of fuzzy metric spaces. In chapter 3 we continue with the study of fuzzy metric spaces, among others we show that: the product of two complete fuzzy metric spaces is also a complete fuzzy metric space. Our main contribution is in chapter 4. We introduce the concept of a standard fuzzy pseudo metric space and present some results on fuzzy metric identification. Furthermore, we discuss some properties of t-nonexpansive maps. / Mathematical Sciences / M. Sc. (Mathematics)

Multiobjective Stochastic Linear Programming is a relevant topic. As a matter of fact, many real life problems ranging from portfolio selection to water resource management may be cast into this framework. There are severe limitations in objectivity in this field due to the simultaneous presence of randomness and conflicting goals. In such a turbulent environment, the mainstay of rational choice does not hold and it is virtually impossible to provide a truly scientific foundation for an optimal decision. In this thesis, we resort to the bounded rationality and chance-constrained principles to define satisficing solutions for Multiobjective Stochastic Linear Programming problems. These solutions are then characterized for the cases of normal, exponential, chi-squared and gamma distributions. Ways for singling out such solutions are discussed and numerical examples provided for the sake of illustration. Extension to the case of fuzzy random coefficients is also carried out. / Decision Sciences

The notion of a fuzzy metric space due to George and Veeramani has many advantages in analysis since many notions and results from classical metric space theory can be extended and generalized to the setting of fuzzy metric spaces, for instance: the notion of completeness, completion of spaces as well as extension of maps. The layout of the dissertation is as follows: Chapter 1 provide the necessary background in the context of metric spaces, while chapter 2 presents some concepts and results from classical metric spaces in the setting of fuzzy metric spaces. In chapter 3 we continue with the study of fuzzy metric spaces, among others we show that: the product of two complete fuzzy metric spaces is also a complete fuzzy metric space. Our main contribution is in chapter 4. We introduce the concept of a standard fuzzy pseudo metric space and present some results on fuzzy metric identification. Furthermore, we discuss some properties of t-nonexpansive maps. / Mathematical Sciences / M. Sc. (Mathematics)

Multiobjective Stochastic Linear Programming is a relevant topic. As a matter of fact, many real life problems ranging from portfolio selection to water resource management may be cast into this framework. There are severe limitations in objectivity in this field due to the simultaneous presence of randomness and conflicting goals. In such a turbulent environment, the mainstay of rational choice does not hold and it is virtually impossible to provide a truly scientific foundation for an optimal decision. In this thesis, we resort to the bounded rationality and chance-constrained principles to define satisficing solutions for Multiobjective Stochastic Linear Programming problems. These solutions are then characterized for the cases of normal, exponential, chi-squared and gamma distributions. Ways for singling out such solutions are discussed and numerical examples provided for the sake of illustration. Extension to the case of fuzzy random coefficients is also carried out. / Decision Sciences