O presente trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo analisar as motivações e justificativas dos fruticultores da Serra Gaúcha para associar-se a organizações. Foram utilizadas como fundamento, duas bases teóricas: os princípios, objetivos e características das organizações cooperativas e o paradigma paraeconômico segundo as proposições de Guerreiro Ramos. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em caráter qualitativo, através de contato com associados, ativos e não ativos e ou não associados, com interesse e sem interesse em associar-se à organizações cooperativas agropecuárias, que trabalham com armazenagem, classificação e comercialização de frutas in natura. O contato com esses fruticultores pertencentes a Região 4 da OCERGS – Organização das Cooperativas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, denominada Serra foi realizado através da técnica bola-de-neve e se constituíram então no público-alvo desta pesquisa. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados constituíram-se de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, pesquisa documental e observação direta e, para análise dos dados adotou-se o método de análise de conteúdo. A análise de dados aconteceu levando em consideração o aspecto externo do sistema social de acordo com as dimensões propostas na lei dos requisitos adequados e, por um conjunto de categorias de valores, que configuram o aspecto interno do sistema social. Ao final se expõem as razões que levam os fruticultores a associar-se ou a abandonarem as organizações cooperativas nesta região, identificando que tipo de racionalidade orienta suas decisões. / The present work presents a research that had for objective to analyze the motivations and justifications of Serra Gaucho's fruit growing to associate to organizations. They were used as foundation, two theoretical bases: the beginnings, objectives and characteristics of the cooperative organizations and the paradigm paraeconômico according to Guerreiro Ramos propositions. The field research was accomplished in qualitative character, through contact with associates, assets and no assets and or no associates, with interest and without interest in associating to agricultural cooperative organizations, that work with storage, classification and commercialization of fruits in natura. The contact with those Area 4’ fruit growing of OCERGS Organization of the Cooperatives of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, denominated Serra was accomplished through the technique ball-of-snow and they were constituted then in the public-objective of this research. The data collection instruments were constituted of semi-structured interviews, document retrieval and direct observation. The method of content analysis was adopted for analysis of the data. The data analysis happened taking into account the external aspect of the social system in agreement with the dimensions proposed in the law of the appropriate requirements and, for a group of categories of values, that configure the internal aspect of the social system. At the end the reasons that take the fruit growing to associate or abandon the cooperative organizations in this area were exposed, identifying what rationality type guides their decisions.

4 Abstract The creation and termination of membership in a co-operative The purpose of this paper is to describe the creation and termination of membership in a co-operative. The reason I chose this topic is that I worked in a co- operative organization and I have large practical experience. The thesis consists of Introduction, five main chapters and Conclusion. The first Chapter describes the history of co-operative movement and history of co-operative legislation. The first Chapter is subdivided into three parts - founding co-operative movement, the history of co-operative movement during Austria-Hungary Empire and during the First Czechoslovak Republic and the history of co-operative movement after 1948. The Chapter two defines a co-operative and explains co-operative principles. The Chapter three is the main part of thesis and it consist of five subchapters. The first subchapter analyzes contemporary co-operative legislation. The second subchapter is about membership in a co-operative and membership share. The third subchapter includes conditions of membership. The fourth subchapter describes the ways of creation of membership in a co-operative and the last subchapter explains the ways of termination of membership in a co-operative. The Chapter four analyzes differences between the membership in...

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study is an extension of work previously performed by Linder et al. (1997). It sought to explore university Physics I tutors’ conceptualization of Physics I tutorials and their conceptualization on issues relating to observations and interactions during tutoring, through involvement in a reflective practicum. The study was premised on socio-cultural constructivism, co-operative learning, situated learning theory and reflective practice.The study developed over two phases. In phase one the reflective thinking processes of the tutors were explored. Upon reflection on the literature the research context was further developed which allowed a final exploration into the tutors’ conceptualisations of the Physics I tutoring context. During this final exploration, i.e. the second phase, tutors were exposed to an organized, longitudinal sensitisation session, i.e. tutor-training over a period of nine months. Tutors were introduced to co-operative learning and the various processes of reflective practices namely, follow-me, modelling and joint experimentation, reflection-inaction and reflection-on-action.Analysis of the data was carried out using the phenomenographic research perspective. Ananalysis of the categories of description was used to demonstrate the tutors’ ability to reflect,based on their conceptual understanding of and interactions during the physics tutoring. These categories favoured the development of extended criteria to enhance reflection amongst physics tutors. These extended criteria were then used as a basis to suggest a model to support reflection amongst Physics I tutors.

This thesis explores the possibility of dialogue between leader and follower in order to further develop the theory and practice of relational leadership. It draws from and contributes to Relational Leadership Theory (Uhl-Bien 2006) and Buber’s concept of ‘I- Thou’ dialogue (Buber 1958). Using first-person and co-operative inquiry methods (Reason and Bradbury 2008b) the ‘space between’ (Bradbury and Lichtenstein 2000, Buber 1958) leader and follower is explored in order to reveal the complexities inherent within leadership relations. Four main findings are detailed which enrich our understanding of how leadership relations operate from ‘within living involvement’ (Shotter 2006). Firstly, the quality of leader-follower encounter could be affected by levels of ‘busyness’ and the ensuing assessment and prioritising process. Secondly, the pressure to ‘seem’ rather than ‘be’ may strengthen the construction of a façade which might be dismantled, in part, through disclosure, though this may feel extremely risky given organisational ‘rules’. Thirdly, mutuality between leader and follower may be crucially influenced by the way in which ‘leader’, ‘leadership’ and ‘power’ are constructed in the between space. Finally, ineffable dialogic moments may occur through sensing a particular quality of encounter amidst and despite the complexity of a myriad of micro-processes vying for attention in the between space. This thesis contributes a further strand to RLT constructionist work focused on the quality of leader-follower encounter which has not been previously revealed. Leadership constructs and macro-discourses relating to power, ‘busyness’ and the need for ‘worthwhile meetings’ encourages transactional relating. Consequently, opportunities for genuinely encountering others in organisational settings are suffocated. This holds important implications for ‘leaders’ and ‘followers’ who wish to creatively address pressing organisational issues in the 21st century through dialogue. Fundamentally this thesis suggests we pause to consider the implications that the nature of our encounters in our work-life have upon us as human beings wishing to know what it is to be fully human.

This diploma thesis deal with a strategy for increasing of a competitiveness at a co-operative farm. The goal of this strategy is to design a project, which should ensure a better position of the company at the market.

The project handles a lack of access to services and meeting places in Alberga, Eskilstuna. The community house will be the town´s new social and cultural center and the administrative base of a proposed agricultural cooperative whose purpose is to ensure good and sustainable access to high-quality food and create jobs and a sense of social cohesion. It will be a gathering place for all the residents of the town, an opportunity for the citizens to use the common areas according to their own needs. The building's functions should represent the cooperative's logic, which is why part of the production is located in the community house, which in this way becomes a significant workplace. As an important part of the cooperative activity is to conduct education and research, part of the site houses a representative experimental garden and lab, as well as an open preschool and study and office places. / Projektet syftar till att hantera brister i Alberga, Eskilstuna, såsom liten tillgång till service och tjänster, brist på sociala mötesplatser och aktiviteter. Kooperativhuset blir ortens centrum och administrativ bas för ett föreslaget jordbrukskooperativ vars syfte är att säkra en god och hållbar tillgång till högkvalitativa livsmedel, skapa arbetstillfällen och öka sammanhållningen på orten. Det blir en samlingsplats för alla ortens invånare, en möjlighet för medborgarna att själva utnyttja de gemensamma ytorna efter egna behov. Husets funktioner ska representera kooperativets logik, det är därför en del av produktionen förläggs till medborgarhuset som på så sätt blir en betydande arbetsplats. Då en viktig del av den kooperativa verksamheten är att bedriva utbildning och forskning föreslås också plats för en representativ experimentell trädgård och labb, samt en öppen förskola och studie- och kontorsplatser.

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En mäklares uppdrag kan vara alltifrån att förmedla en skogsfastighet till enbostadsrätt. I den här rapporten har arbetet begränsats till tre boendeformer,vilket är en villafastighet, bostadsrätt och den relativt nyuppkomna 3Dfastighetenägarlägenhet. Frågan är om kraven för mäklaren enligt lagtextenkommer att skilja sig mellan dessa boendeformer och om lagarna är tillräckligaför att mäklaren ska kunna utföra ett bra jobb.I rapporten kommer Fastighetsmäklarlagen (FML) vara ramlag ochframförallt 16–18§§ FML. Dessa paragrafer har ändrats och anpassats eftersamhället vid ett flertal gånger. Senaste stora förändringen var 2011. Trots dettakvarstår konflikterna, osämja och olika diskussioner. Ett exempelkonstaterades under analysen av fastighetsmäklarinspektionen FMIsprövningar där olika domslut tagits angående informationsgivning avnyttjanderätter. Detta har uppstått på grund av att delar av 18§ FML kan tolkaspå olika sätt. Anmälningar görs dagligen till FMI, som sedan prövar ommäklaren begått något brott under försäljningarna. Två exempel där mäklarnamisslyckats är boendekostnadskalkyl och belastning av olika former avnyttjanderätter. Under granskningen av prövningarna hos FMI har ingaslutsatser om att varningarna skulle skilja sig mellan boendeformerna kunnatdras. Däremot skiljer sig lagtexten beroende på vilken boendetyp mäklarenförmedlar. / The realtor’s assignment can be anything from conveying a forest property to acondominium. In this report, the work has been limited to three types ofaccommodation: a property with a housing; the co-operative apartment; andthe relatively newly acquired 3D property condominium. The question iswhether the requirements for the realtor under the legal text will differ betweenthem and if the laws are sufficient for the estate agent to perform a good job.In this report, Fastighetsmäklarlagen (FML) especially 16-18§§ will be theframework. These paragraphs have been changed and adapted to the societyseveral times. The last major change was in 2011 and despite this, the conflicts,unequal and different discussions remain. An example was found during theanalysis of real estate brokerage inspections The Swedish Estate AgentsInspectorate’s (FMI) trials where various judgments were made regarding thedisclosure of rights of use. This has arisen because parts of 18§ FML can beinterpreted in different ways. Notifications are daily made to the FMI, whichorganisation investigates whether the broker has committed any infringementduring the sale. Two examples where the estate agent failed to accommodate acalculation of how much the housing cost will be and load of different forms ofrights. During the review of FMI's trials, there have been no conclusions thatthe admonition could differ between the types of housing. The legal text differsdepending on which type the realtor conveys.

Today, Sweden suffers from a shortage of housing in many of the country's growth areas, a shortage of housing that hardens the country's growth and the creation of new jobs. Svenskt Näringsliv believes that several measures are needed to solve the shortcoming. (Svenskt Näringsliv 2019) The structures in housing policy therefore need to be reviewed and a longterm solution is a must. In the short term, however, there is a possible saving in the country's tenant-owned apartments that, with more generous rules on subleasing, could provide a necessary supplement to temporary housing where needed. According to the current provisions of Bostadsrättslagen, a tenant-owner may sublease his apartment if the board of the tenant owners’ co-operative agrees to this. In cases where consent is not required, the tenant-owner has the opportunity to turn to Hyresnämnden, which will test the interests of the two parties against each other in order to decide the issue. Thus, it can be stated that it is not up to the tenant-owner himself to decide whether he can sublease his apartment. The revisions that have been made since Bostadsrättslagen was issued have been to the benefit of the tenant-owner. Despite this there are today various restrictions that prevents the tenant-owner from freely subleasing his apartment. The purpose of this essay has therefore been to clarify the reasoning behind the provisions of the regulations, test its relevance based on the current situation and finally to analyse whether it is appropriate to introduce free provisions on subleasing, for independent use, to the advantage of the tenant-owner. In order to investigate this, an overall literature study was first conducted to map the extent of the issue in sources of law. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis of the sources of law, considered relevant regarded to the purpose of the thesis, was performed. The sources of law that were processed in this essay were laws, proposition of laws and government reports. Consequently, case law and parliament reports has not been addressed in this paper. Lastly, the question was answered with anchoring in the in-depth literature analysis. The conclusion is that it is appropriate to introduce free subleasing in Bostadsrättslagen if the benefits of this provision outweigh the scope of the work that a revision of the law could entail. / Sverige lider idag av en brist på bostäder i många av landets tillväxtorter, en bostadsbrist som slår hårt mot landets tillväxt och skapandet av nya jobb. Svenskt näringsliv menar på att flera åtgärder behövs för att lösa bristen. (Svenskt Näringsliv 2019) Strukturerna i bostadspolitiken behöver därmed ses över och en långsiktig lösning är ett måste. På kort sikt finns dock ett tänkbart sparkapital i landets bostadsrätter som, vid generösare regler om andrahandsupplåtelse för självständigt brukande, hade kunnat tillföra ett nödvändigt tillskott på tillfälliga bostäder där det behövs. Enligt dagens bestämmelser i bostadsrättslagen får en bostadsrättshavare upplåta sin lägenhet i andrahand om bostadsrättsföreningens styrelse samtycker till detta. I de fall samtycke ej erhålls har bostadsrättshavaren möjlighet att vända sig till hyresnämnden, vilken prövar de två parternas intressen mot varandra för att avgöra frågan. Således kan det konstateras att det inte är upp till bostadsrättshavaren själv att avgöra om denne kan hyra ut sin lägenhet. De revideringar som genomförts sedan bostadsrättslagen infördes har varit till fördel för bostadsrättshavaren, trots detta har denne idag således diverse inskränkningar som hindrar denne från att fritt upplåta sin lägenhet i andra hand. Denna uppsats syfte har därför varit att klarlägga resonemanget bakom bestämmelsernas utformning, pröva dess relevans utifrån dagens rådande situation och slutligen analysera om det är lämpligt att i bostadsrättslagen införa bestämmelser som möjliggör fri andrahandsupplåtelse. För att utreda detta genomfördes först en övergripande litteraturstudie för att kartlägga frågans utbredning i juridiska rättskällor. Därefter utfördes en djupgående analys av de rättskällor som ansågs relevanta med hänsyn till uppsatsens syfte. De rättskällor som behandlades var lagar, propositioner och statliga betänkanden inom området. Rättspraxis och riksdagsbetänkanden har följaktligen inte berörts i denna uppsats. Slutligen besvarades frågeställningen med förankring i den djupgående litteraturanalysen. Slutsatsen i denna uppsats är att det är lämpligt att i bostadsrättslagen införa bestämmelser som möjliggör fri andrahandsupplåtelse om fördelarna denna bestämmelse medför väger tyngre än omfattningen av det arbete en revidering av lagen skulle kunna innebära.