Thesis (M. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Umeå University, 2005 / Includes bibliographical references (p. 256-284).

Thesis (doctoral)--Stockholm University, 1995. / Additional abstract page laid in. Includes bibliographical references (p. [151]-172).

Thesis (M. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Researchers from Jean Piaget (1932) to Sehlauoi (2008) have utilized small case studies to intensively examine naturally occurring child language production in the home environment. This qualitative, 5-year longitudinal, five-year case study continues the focus of previous research on child bilingualism and code-switching; however, it aims to strengthen the previously tenuous connection linking said bilingualism with the speech of fraternal boy/girl twins, who are simultaneously making code choices and reflecting their gender language usage of these choices. The purpose of this study was to identify each twin’s code-switching patterns in Spanish and English in the bilingual home environment, examine the differences in their language choices, and reflect on their gendered language use as it pertains to each child’s own language production choices. The study connects the results of this research to previous research on child code-switching and reveals the similarities and differences between these two patterns and new ways of understanding the rich variety of linguistic understandings and possibilities in bilingual speech of twins. The study demonstrates that while Spanish code-maintenance was the preferred code choice by both twins throughout the length of the study, the female twin consistently code-switched into English and took more total turns in English than her twin brother while the male twin code-switched more frequently within a turn. These code-switching occurrences may be related to their gender. The limitations of this study, future directions of research, and conclusions are also discussed.

This study investigated the use of intrasentential code switching on Facebook. The corpus included 1000 screenshots of Facebook comments collected from 10 Saudi female Facebook friends who were bilingual in Arabic and English. The data were examined through statistical and content analysis. The results showed that intrasentential code switching occurs frequently in informal Facebook interactions. Further, the occurrence of code-switching was analyzed in relation to 10 topics of Facebook interactions, including gossip, humor, technology, compliments and thanking, achievement, movies and songs, family and intimacy, makeup, travelling, and religion. Among these 10 topics, gossip and humor elicited significantly higher frequencies of intrasentential code-switching. Moreover, the qualitative results showed that the most frequent English words within Arabic sentences were technical and academic terms, whereas the most frequent Arabic words within English sentences were religious words. Overall, this study shows that the use of intrasentential code-switching among Arabic-English female friends on the social network Facebook is a natural part of their interactions and the frequency with which they employ code-switching is related to the topic of their communication, their language environment, their cultural experiences, and their religion.

Chinese-English code switching (CS thereafter) has become a common phenomenon in mainland China in the last decades of years. Most research focuses on sociolinguistic perspectives of CS in mainland China. However, there is rarely research aiming at exploring linguistic patterns of CS. To fill the research gap, this study attempts to perceive into the linguistic patterns of Chinese-English CS. Myers-Scotton' s Matrix Language Frame model (MLF model thereafter) is used as a framework in this study. On one hand, it can help me to classify data and explain why the data comes into being. One the other hand, CS between two typologically different languages can test the universality of the MLF model. Two hundred and seven Chinese-English bilingual utterances are quantitatively classified and qualitatively described as the basis of the analysis of this study. In this study, a whole picture of linguistic patterns of Chinese-English CS was presented. I further analyze some counterexamples against the MLF model, such as creative forms, which conform to neither the grammar of Chinese nor that of English. Thus, it is revealed that the MLF model cannot offer explanations to those innovative forms. I argue that the innovative forms in the corpus of this study belong to artistic CS. Artistic code­switching utterances mainly exist as lyrics or buzzwords on the Internet, which are intentionally created by people. These forms are invented to be different and attract people,s attention, so usually they do not conform to grammars and common language codes. No wonder that the MLF model cannot explin the artistic CS. Other limitations of the MLF model are also discussed in this dissertation.

abstract: The subject of bilingual language use in the southwestern United States has been widely researched. However research pertaining to the Phoenix Metropolitan area is lacking. Studies have shown that language choice is governed by linguistic as well as social constraints (Gumperz, 1977; Poplack 1980; 1981). This study examined and compared the code-switching behaviors of two communities in the southwestern United States: Antonito, Colorado and the Phoenix Metropolitan area in Arizona. The study explored the social and linguistic factors that are said to govern code-switching behaviors such as the type of switches made (intra-sentential or single lexical switches), the position in the utterance where the switch occurs (final or other), the direction of the switch (an utterance beginning in English and ending in Spanish, or beginning in Spanish and ending in English), the gender and level of education of the participants (college or above; high school or below), the ethnicity of the interviewer (Anglo or Hispanic), as well as which of the aforementioned social and linguistic factors most favored intra-sentential switches. The study used corpus data, with four participants from each community for a total of eight interviews. Participants from each corpus were selected to control for gender, the highest level of education achieved and the ethnicity of the interviewer. The study found that in the corpora looked at, linguistic factors such as position of the switch and direction of the switch affected intra-sentential switches more than social factors, although in terms of frequencies within individual factor groups, social factors such as the ethnicity of the interviewer, and the participant's level of education were found to be significant in affecting code-switching behavior. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Spanish 2013

Submitted by Chaylane Marques (chaylane.marques@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-06T18:08:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Marcelo da Costa.pdf: 944352 bytes, checksum: d7bff1f647499c4841b1f19f18f05659 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-06T18:08:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Marcelo da Costa.pdf: 944352 bytes, checksum: d7bff1f647499c4841b1f19f18f05659 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 / Nas aulas de língua estrangeira, sobretudo nas que adotam perspectivas mais comunicativas, é comum a alternância de uso das línguas materna e estrangeira. No entanto, pouco sabemos sobre o fenômeno de mudança de código (code-switching) nesses contextos, já que muitos dos estudos sobre o tema concentram-se em situações naturais de bilinguismo e em países em que duas ou mais línguas são corriqueiramente faladas pela comunidade. Questões como “por que professor e alunos mudam de uma língua para outra na interação em sala de aula de língua estrangeira?”, “há pontos de ocorrência específicos prioritários na alternância?”, “que papel tem outras variáveis tais como nível do curso (básico e avançado), autoria e tipos na alternância de códigos?” poderiam fornecer subsídios valiosos para o ensino. Esta dissertação propõe uma análise das mudanças de código (code-switching) realizadas por ambos alunos e professores e quais as consequências do seu uso na interação e no ensino-aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira. Este trabalho ainda busca desenvolver relações com os pontos de ocorrência dessas mudanças de língua e analisar se estas são prefaciadas por marcadores conversacionais ou expressões específicas. A pesquisa é etnográfica de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo. A coleta dos dados foi realizada no Núcleo de Línguas e Cultura da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (NLC – UFPE). As duas turmas observadas são de nível Básico 1 e Avançado 1, totalizando 20 horas-aula de observação. Os resultados apontam que existem mudanças exclusivas quanto ao nível do aluno e também sugere que apesar do foco ser em falar o idioma alvo, o professor, que deveria liderar a interação, realiza mais mudanças que o aluno.