Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is a concerning, yet relatively understudied form of intimate partner violence (IPV). Furthermore, the majority of research regarding sexual violence fails to differentiate between different forms of control used to facilitate this violence. Although IPV has been linked to a multitude of adverse physical and health outcomes, it is less clear how these outcomes vary by type of control experienced. Using data from the 2010 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS), the current study examines the physical and non-physical tactics used to facilitate sexual violence, and the associated health outcomes. Potential gender differences in tactics experienced and resulting victim health are also explored. Results show that while physical force is associated with the greatest number of health outcomes, all three tactics are related to reporting adverse health. Additionally, gender analyses reveal that women are more likely to suffer from frequent headaches, injuries, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and to report a greater number of physical health outcomes and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, while men who experienced physically forced sexual violence are more likely to report overall worse mental health than their female counterparts. These findings, along with policy implications and directions for future research, are then discussed.

In March 2012, the Durban High Court found three accused guilty of murder on two of the accused’s parents. The Lotter case was covered extensively by the media, because of its unusual story: The two Lotter siblings claimed that they were brainwashed by the sister’s boyfriend as he had made them believe that he was the third son of God. As the siblings’ defences they decided to use the controversial defence of non-pathological criminal incapacity. This dissertation gives an extensive outline of case law that has covered this defence. While attempting to define this defence, the courts have limited its uses to such an extent, that it appears to be abolished. Viewpoints of academic authors have been considered to assist the reader in defining new borders for this defence. Redefinition is necessary in light of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. Concepts such as ‘coercive persuasion’ are explained in terms of psychological, psychiatric and legal backgrounds. Other countries have taken measures to restrict the use of coercive persuasion, specifically religious coercive persuasion. We therefore compare South Africa’s lack of legislation to those countries that have adopted anti-coercive persuasion legislation as the Constitution permits that foreign law may be taken into account when interpreting and developing the law. There is also a discussion on the role of expert evidence in a South African court, specifically the psychologist, as well as discussion on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Battered Partner/Spouse/ Wife syndrome in context of coercive persuasion. Coercive persuasion is viewed in terms of the defence of non-pathological criminal incapacity – as a prevailing factor that discredits the second (conative) leg of the capacity test: The ability to act in accordance with right and wrong. Defences such as automatism and private defence are also considered in context of coercive persuasion. By analysing the case of Cézanne Visser along with the other cases that considered the defence of non-pathological criminal incapacity, one is able to view that the Lotter case is not the first case that mentions a person coercively persuaded by her partner to commit crimes. After the discussion of the Lotter case (the facts and judgment are covered in detail), similarities are drawn between the two women that were coercively persuaded by their partners. An alternative judgment and sentence reveals that the Lotter case had an opportunity to develop the defence, in context of coercive persuasion, and in light of the Constitution, but failed to do so. The recommendations that follow are based on the defective dialogue that occurs between psychologists and psychiatrists, the unnecessary absence of expert evidence in court, the transformation of the defence of non-pathological criminal incapacity, a development of the term ‘coercive persuasion’ for purposes of the court when considering cases that deals with religious practices and the lack of legislative protection for women who murder their abusive husbands. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Public Law / unrestricted

More and more institutions have begun to implement digital transformation. Identifying the reasons behind institutions’ digital transformation can help them make the right strategies. This thesis focuses on the digital transformation taking place in the financial industry and uses organizational institutionalism theory to analyze the influence of external pressures, and what responsible strategies institutions may adopt. We use qualitative methods to conduct the research. We interview eight employees from different institutions in the financial industry in China. Our findings show how coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures affect these financial institutions differently, and in responding to these pressures, these financial institutions develop office management systems and new digital products and services. The study evaluates to which extent the new digital reality fits the theory of the influence of external pressures on institutions. For managerial practice, the findings provide guidance in describing and diagnosing external pressures that drive digital transformation, and in coping with these pressures appropriately to formulate effective digital transformation strategies.

Abstract Background: The use of coercion is an essential part of psychiatry despite occurrence of harm to patients and psychiatric staff. Contrasting to a global trend to reduce coercion, the number of coercive admissions and coercive treatment in Swedish psychiatry remains stable. Previous research identified frontline-workers to be especially likely to experience ethical dilemmas in their work with coerced patients. The literature identified for this study explored links between ethical judgement and the use of coercion. Research indicates that ethical dilemmas can lead to moral distress, inconsistency in practice and overuse of coercion. The literature identified for this study indicates that eEthical reasoning deliberations in contrast can mitigate moral distress can improve both the well-being and job satisfaction of psychiatric staff as well asand can  to decrease the usage of coercion without detrimental effects to frequency of violence or  treatment outcome. Research question: Which underlying conditions, context, values, power differences and ethical frameworks are involved in the experience of an ethical dilemma in psychiatric care for coerced patients? Data collection and analysis: Therefore, the current study seeks to identify ethical dilemmas as experienced by frontline workers to investigate situations and conditions that cause ethical dilemmas and analyze ethical reasoning. Seven interviews with frontline-workers (nurses, caretakers) from two different institutions were conducted. andData analyzedanalysis utilizedsing discourse analysis, following suggestions from Siegfried Jägers dispositive analysis that is based on Foucault’s discourse theory.  Results: Participants describe ethical dilemmas as a reoccurring phenomenon that is part of their daily work. The structural context from which they arise was described with naming impersonal and unchangeable factors such as legislation and hierarchy or a risk-avoidance paradigm. Diametrically dilemmas themselves were experienced within social interaction and characterised by personal values, emotions and empathy. The patient’s best, patient autonomy, patient autonomy, the responsibility to provide care to people in need were identified as main values. Descriptions of ethical dilemmas were shaped by ambiguity, but the justification of coercion was presented with a high degree of certainty. Discourses that were drawn upon were medical and philosophical discourse as well as inter-discourse. The critical interpretation of these findings on the background of previous research led to the identification of problematic aspects within psychiatry and consequently suggestions for improvement.suggestions Tof ethical deliberation as tool to detect, reflect upon and resolve ethical dilemmas with the aim to strengthen staff rights as well as patients’ rights, ethical reasoning methods should be taught and staff should get the possibility to discuss ethical dilemmas. Ethical deliberation should be aimed to improve psychiatric practice and patient rights. The responsibility of psychiatry for patients with capacity that are suicidal or aggressive must be debated. The psychiatrist role in assessment of dangerousness of patients must be debated on the background of an increasing trend towards risk avoidance. Patients’ possibility to appeal erroneous decisions about coercion must be strengthen, since the current system rarely leads to consequences despite a frequent erroneous decision. decrease coercion by abolishing arbitrariness of ethical reasoning. However, changes to dissolve sources of power differences would need changes of legislation and organization of psychiatry.

Organizational performance in the healthcare field is of great interest for many stakeholders. Efficient use of resources and delivery of high quality of care should be relevant to any taxpayer hoping to live healthily and grow old in Sweden. Simultaneously, the working conditions for the employees need to be sustainable if the impending lack of 170 000 workers in the healthcare sector by the year of 2030 is to be mitigated (Statistiska centralbyrån, 2012). The scope of this study is to examine how the quality management systems applied to ensure and improve the aforementioned objectives are perceived by the individual employees. Specifically, practitioners in the nursing professions are enquired about the design principles of enabling control as described by Adler and Borys (1996). The study has utilized a quantitative methodology and an online survey to collect personal perceptions and experiences from 400 individuals in the nursing professions on this topic. Major findings are that the majority of the respondents state that they perceive three out of four of the design principles of an enabling system to be present in the quality management system at their workplace. In addition, there is a strong association between the perception of the enabling characteristics flexibility and repair and general job satisfaction. Further studies with larger samples would increase the statistical power of these correlations. In addition, a large proportion of the respondents perceive that the quality management processes is negatively affected by financial constraints. Only a minority of the respondents perceive the workload constituted by tasks connected to quality management as reasonable.

My thesis entitled: "Robert A. Pape: Critical Presentation of One of the Theories of Suicide Terrorism." Its aim is to critically present the Roberts A. Pape theory of suicide terrorism to the Czech reader. Robert A. Pape's concept is very beneficial as per its point of view on the studied phenomena - detailed and enormous amount of analysis, statistics that his colleagues and him were capable to gain along with the original data interpretation. The core of my thesis is presented by Robert A. Pape's second book: Dying to Win, it also creates the centerpiece of his suicide terrorism theory. It contains the basics of the concept, which is extended in his third and newest book: Cutting the Fuse and partially is and outcome of his first book Bombing to Win. Key words: Robert A. Pape, suicide terrorism, occupation, religion, nationalism, coercive strategy

Bakgrund: Den psykiatriska heldygnsvården ämnas att vila på samma värdegrund som övriga vården; en humanistisk människosyn med respekt och omtanke för den som vårdas. Patienten som vårdas inom psykiatrisk heldygnsvård har i samma utsträckning rätt till en god vård där hens självbestämmande och integritet respekteras. Trots detta kräver situationen ibland att detta frångås och sjuksköterskan blir i stället tvungen att ta till tvångsåtgärder av olika slag, som riskerar att kränka patientens värdighet och skada vårdrelationen. Samtidigt som psykisk ohälsa har blivit alltmer vanligt förekommande i samhället har psykiatrin diskuterats och granskats i media. Allt fler visar ett stort missnöje kring hur vården bedrivs och har starka åsikter kring det faktum att patienterna fråntas sina rättigheter och vårdas med tvång. Sjuksköterskan slits mellan viljan att göra gott och att göra rätt gentemot patienten samtidigt som den egna hälsan står på spel. Syfte: En litteraturöversikt för att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att utföra tvångsåtgärder inom psykiatrisk heldygnsvård. Metod: Strukturerad litteraturöversikt enligt granskningsmallen av Bettany-Saltikov och McSherry (2016). Kvalitativa artiklar från tre olika databaser analyserades och sammanställdes i en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Tretton artiklar relevanta för ämnet analyserades och la grunden till litteraturöversiktens fem kategorier för att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av tvångsåtgärder inom den psykiatriska heldygnsvården. Resultat: Baserat på de tretton artiklar som valdes ut för denna litteraturöversikt skapades fem kategorier som uppmärksammar sjuksköterskans utsatthet och etiska dilemma vid tvångsåtgärder, hur viktigt det är med en god vårdrelation, stöd i arbetet och slutligen hur tvångshandlingar är en balansgång mellan gott och ont. Slutsats: Att som sjuksköterska utsätta patienten för tvångsåtgärder kan ses som en nödvändighet men även vara ett svårt etiskt dilemma som sätter både den vårdande relationen och patientens välbefinnande på spel. Sjuksköterskor inom den psykiatriska heldygnsvården har ett uttalat behov av ökad utbildning och stöd samt tid för reflektion där de får möjlighet att bearbeta de känslor som uppkommer vid utförandet av tvångsåtgärder. Det krävs även er tid och möjlighet för sjuksköterskor att skapa en god vårdrelation till patienterna då det inte bara kan underlätta vid tvångsåtgärder utan även kan fungera förebyggande.

Thesis advisor: Lisa A. Goodman / The term “gaslighting” has become increasingly ubiquitous in popular media, from self-help literature to political analysis (Carpenter, 2018; Sarkis, 2018; Stern, 2018). It is also beginning to gain traction in the medical and mental health establishment. For instance, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) now includes gaslighting under its definition of psychological aggression (Breiding, Basile, Smith, Black, & Mahendra, 2015). However, empirical research on this topic lags behind popular discourse. There is desperate need for definition clarity and empirical evidence of this uniquely epistemic form of harm, otherwise the term gaslighting runs the risk of becoming vague, diffuse, and almost meaninglessness. Gaslighting in intimate partner violence (IPV) is the original and paradigmatic case of gaslighting (Cukor, 1944; Hamilton, 2015). A small handful of recent studies have investigated gaslighting in this context, and more general psychological abuse literature has hinted at it by other names (e.g. Bhatti et al., 2021; Ferraro, 2006; Sweet, 2019; Tolman, 1992). However, the present study represents the first systematic, empirical, psychological investigation of gaslighting in IPV. Study aims were to illuminate the tactics, effects, and long-term implications of gaslighting in IPV, as well as ecological factors that may influence survivor experiences. Fifteen IPV survivors were interviewed about their gaslighting experiences, and data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. Three clusters of findings emerged: Survivors described (1) the gaslighting process, (2) their long-term responses to gaslighting, and (3) the influence of ecological factors on self-trust. This study represents a substantial advancement in the literature on gaslighting in IPV, demonstrating the validity of a new two-part model of gaslighting, describing survivors’ subjective experiences of self-doubt, and illuminating how gaslighting fits into broader patterns of power and control in IPV. It also provides the first account of what survivor resistance to gaslighting might look like, and how other factors in survivors’ lives may hinder or promote resistance. Implications for research and practice are discussed in the context of study limitations. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2023. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.

Background: Mental health issues is becoming more common in todays’ society, and the severe mental health issues that may need inpatient care is increasing. In cases where patients decline voluntary care despite being in need of it the situation may demand involuntary care, where coercive measures may be a part of their care. Between the years 2015-2019 about 41.000 patients were being cared for involuntarily within inpatient care in Sweden. Society’s view on mental health issues has been continuingly improving over the past decades, there is however still room for improvement in both 11reception and treatment of patients, but maybe more discreet than previously.  Aim: The aim of this study is to explore adult patients experiences of coercive measures within inpatient psychiatric care.  Method: A qualitative literature study analysing 10 original articles was conducted using qualitative content analysis according to Graneheim & Lundman.  Results: Two main categories and six subcategories were identified. The first main category was positive patient experiences, with the subcategories feelings of safety, support amongst fellow patients, and retrospective understanding. The second main category was negative patient experiences, where the subcategories were lack of information, stigma & shame, and ill-treatment from staff.  Keywords: coercive measures, inpatient care, psychiatry, patient experience

It is generally believed that a victim of an intimate partner homicide, who faced ongoing physical violence prior to the killing, would have contacted authorities for assistance or protection some time prior to their death. However, the results of this study show that this notion that a victim of ongoing abuse will, more than likely, request help is a misconception. Through qualitative and quantitative methods analysis, this study reveals the dearth of prior reporting of physical violence to law enforcement or the court when an intimate partner homicide takes place between heterosexual spouses in Florida between 2006 and 2016. Additionally, "coercive control," a term that is not nearly as recognizable as domestic violence or intimate partner violence but that should be understood and regulated, was conceptualized and operationalized using NVivo Pro 12, a qualitative social sciences software package. By constructing an original data set from secondary data from the Florida Department of Law Enforcement Uniform Crime Report Supplemental Homicide Report, multiple law enforcement agencies from throughout the state of Florida, and many Florida county courthouses, variables of intimate partner homicide were analyzed in unique quantitative models using IBM SPSS, an advanced statistical software analysis program. Also, as part of the content analysis process, Petitions for Injunction for Protection against Domestic Violence were organized, coded, and analyzed to provide insight into the role coercive control takes prior to an intimate partner homicide. This study sheds light on the fact that the emphasis on physical violence in intimate partner abuse, rather than the non-violent tactics of coercive control, for lethality risk assessments for intimate partner violence victims is misplaced and warrants reconsideration.