To this point research on firms’ political behavior has contributed knowledge concerning large firms’ relationships and strategies with political actors and their surrounding environment. Less is known about small firms’ behavior towards political organizations. As a matter of fact, the fields of international marketing, international business and corporate political science have left the political behavior of small firms almost untouched. Therefore, extant literature assumes that small firms due to their resource constraints are passive receivers of political initiatives. About 99 percent of all firms within the European Union are small firms, and it is therefore questioned whether all these firms are passive receivers of political initiatives. The intention with this thesis is to challenge some assumptions regarding how small firms manage their relationships with political actors concerning EU related rules and regulations. Consequently, the study raises the overarching research question; how do small firms manage their political environment? Theoretically, the study takes a network perspective on business political interaction to examine both individual and/or collective political behavior of small firms. It develops a theoretical view constituted of knowledge, commitment and legitimacy. Methodologically, two sequential stages are followed: first an in-depth qualitative case study of three successful cases is presented and second, the in-depth understanding is broadened to a wider population of firms based on a quantitative survey. A central contribution of this thesis is to aid research on the political behavior of small firms. It is found that small firms, in contrast to prevailing assumptions, do possess political resources. They are not passive receivers of political initiatives. Instead, the findings show that small firms are active and can exercise influence. This, however, is shown to be dependent on the firm’s political commitment, political knowledge and competency and business-political legitimacy. It is also shown that small firms mobilize these critical resources not only directly, but also indirectly through various intermediating actors. Besides the theoretical contributions, these conclusions are important not just because of the managerial implications but also, and perhaps more importantly, for the policy implications that can be drawn from the study. Being exploratory and opening up the black box of small firm’s political behavior, the thesis ends with a number of future research directions.

Minimal scientific research has been conducted regarding female sexual offenders within the South African context, despite its prevalence. This study explores behavioural and contextual characteristics of female sexual offenders to gain an understanding of the phenomenon. This qualitative study in the form of a systematic review, focuses on the findings of ten original international research articles published from 2002 to 2012 regarding the behavioural and contextual characteristics of female sexual offenders. The epistemological foundation of this study was postmodernism and social constructionism. Three main themes and various subthemes emerged from the data by applying the thematic content analysis. The aim of this study was to explore the similarities and differences between the findings of the research articles. Lacunas in the existing literature were explored in an attempt to extend scientific knowledge on female sexual offenders. Finally, recommendations for future scientific studies on female sexual offenders were discussed. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

<p>The use of coercion in psychiatry involves clinical, legal, scientific, ethical and emotional considerations. This thesis represents an attempt to further increase our understanding of some empirical aspects of this phenomenon. </p><p>Interviews with 202 involuntarily admitted psychiatric patients and 201 voluntarily admitted patients and 295 of their next of kins were performed and analysed together with data from records and assessments made by professionals. Data was collected during two different periods of time with a compulsory psychiatric care law reform in between.</p><p>Experience of at least one coercive measure was more common amongst patients who had been committed during the most recent legislation. Otherwise there were no differences in patient experiences during the different laws.</p><p>Subjective short-term outcome was associated with having a contact person at the ward and being subjectively treated well. There were no relationships between subjective and assessed outcome or between legal status, perceived coercion at admission and subjective or assessed improvement.</p><p>The changed legislation had no clear effect on the attitudes of patients and next of kins towards coercion.</p><p>A majority of patients were able to accurately answer the question whether they had been restrained by belt or not during a specific treatment episode. Nineteen of 115 patients reported they had been restrained by belt. Eleven of these cases were true positive and 8 cases were false positive. </p><p>In conclusion, the main results were first that when it comes to issues related to psychiatric coercion there are typically considerable differences between how these are perceived and interpreted by the professional and by the patient, and second that efforts made to change the face of psychiatric coercion in the minds of patients as well as the public on part of public policymakers have had limited effects.</p>

No description available.

The aim of this study have been to examine how lagen (1988:870) om vård av missbrukare i vissa fall [LVM] (involuntary treatment for addicts) is constructed in Swedish news press and what discourses are being produced regarding LVM and involuntary treatment. Out of the 195 articles that fit the search criteria, extending a period of ten years, 36 were selected and analyzed, using a critical discourse analysis according to the three-dimensional model proposed by Fairclough. The theoretical perspective derives from the hypothesis of social constructionism. This study shows that LVM is subject to a silent assumption of an economic constraints discourse that´s being produced in news press, regarding the shortage of funds in public sector. In turn, this discourse also exhibits close relationship with the greater addiction discourse, which deems drug- and alcohol abuse as sickness, or disease. Furthermore, a set of minor discourses are identified, that to some degree stems from the economic constraints discourse. The media depiction presents an ongoing medicalization process that in social practice results in a higher death rate among drug abusers. The notion that medicinal treatment of addiction is more cost effective than LVM, nonetheless spurs society in adding evermore medicinal treatment of addicts. / <p>VT, 2016</p>

No description available.

Este trabalho discute o efeito do tamanho de grão e sobre o campo coercivo e perdas magnéticas em aços elétricos. Também foi avaliado o efeito da indução máxima sobre o campo coercivo. Partindo-se de chapas de aço elétrico 0,7%Si, extraídas de uma mesma bobina foram obtidos conjuntos de amostras com diferentes tamanhos de grão, na faixa entre 10 a 150m. Os diferentes tamanhos de grão foram medidos por dois métodos distintos: aumento do tamanho de grão por recristalização e aumento do tamanho de grão por crescimento. Sete conjuntos foram laminados, cada conjunto com um determinado grau de laminação, e posteriormente os conjuntos foram recozidos para sofrerem aumento do tamanho de grão por recristalização. Outros três conjuntos foram somente recozidos em tempos e temperaturas distintos e o aumento do tamanho de grão se deu por crescimento. Um conjunto passou por tratamento térmico para alívio das tensões introduzidas no corte. Os tamanhos de grão foram medidos por um método de análise semiautomático envolvendo a medição das áreas dos grãos individualmente e também pelo método dos interceptos. A caracterização magnética foi executada em regime quase estático para as induções máximas de 0,6; 0,8; 1,0; 1,2; 1,4 e 1,5T e a 60Hz para 1,0 e 1,5T. Os resultados mostram uma relação de linearidade entre o campo coercivo e o inverso do tamanho de grão. As perdas histeréticas apresentam crescimento determinado por uma lei de potência com relação à indução máxima. / This work discusses about grain size effect on the coercive field and magnetic losses in electrical steel. Also, it was evaluated the maximum induction effect on the coercive field and hysteresis loss. Starting from 0,7%Si electrical steel sheet sets of samples with different grain sizes in the range between 10 to 150m were obtained. The different grain sizes were obtained by two different methods: grain size increase by recrystallization and grain size increase by grain growth. Seven sets were cold rolled, each set with a cold work degree. Three other sets were only annealed at different times and temperatures and the increase in grain size was characterized by growth. A set underwent heat treatment to relieve the stress brought into cut. The grain sizes were measured by a method of analysis involving semiautomatic measurement of areas of individual grains and also by the method of intercepts. The magnetic characterization was performed under quasi-static regime for the maximum inductions of 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.5 T and 60 Hz for 1.0 and 1.5 T. The results show a linear relation between the coercive field and the inverse grain size. Hysteresis losses presented a growth determined by a power law with respect to the maximal induction.

A querela entre o papa e o imperador ao longo dos séculos XIII e XIV propiciou o surgimento de inúmeras teorias a respeito do poder em defesa de uma ou outra instituição. Marsílio de Pádua (1280-1343) foi um dos mais importantes pensadores a apresentar argumentos para essas discussões no século XIV. Ao denunciar os desmandos do papa e do seu Colégio de Cardeais viu-se obrigado a refugiar-se na corte do imperador Luís IV. A principal obra do paduano foi o Defensor da Paz (1324) na qual expôs elementos fundamentais para o debate em questão. Esta tese teve como objetivo discutir a doutrina política desenvolvida por Marsílio de Pádua a partir do seu próprio contexto. Para isso, foi necessário compreender seus conflitos e influências a fim de analisar os conceitos políticos apresentados em sua obra maior. Apoiado em Aristóteles, escreveu um plano prático para a intervenção política do imperador no Regnum Italicum. Marsílio adquiriu importância fundamental por sua formulação da noção de poder restrita à esfera temporal, delineando uma primeira ideia de autonomia do poder civil, dotado de atribuições específicas e independentes da esfera eclesiástica. / The quarell between the pope and the emperor during the XIII and XIV centuries has given rise to numerous theories about the power in defense of one or another institution. Marsilius of Padua (1280 1343) was one of the most important thinkers to present arguments for these discussions in the XIV century. Informing against the excesses of the pope and his Cardinal´s College, he was forced to take refuge at the court of emperor Ludwig IV. The main paduans work was the Defensor Pacis (1324) in which he exposed fundamental elements to the debate in question. This thesis aimed to discuss the political doctrine developed by Marsilius of Padua from his own context. For this, it was necessary understand their conflicts and influences in order to analyze the political concepts presented in his major work. Supported by Aristotle, he wrote a practical plan for policy intervention of the emperor at Regnum Italicum. Marsilius got fundamental importance by his formulation of the notion of power restricted to the temporal sphere, outlining a first idea of autonomy of civil power, endowed with independent and specific assignments of the ecclesiastical sphere.

This thesis addresses the possibilities and limitations of Rorschach Inkblot Method in the psychological assessment of preferential rapists. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the general characteristics of paraphilias, introduces the contemporary theories on sexual aggression and rape, and presents selected studies related to the use of RorschachInkblot Method (using Exner's Comprehensive System) in the research of paraphilias. The empirical part focuses on my research project. I have theoretically deduced variables and composites and subsequently compared them with the normative values the CS reference populations. I have also analysed the number of criterions of the Banality Profile (of psychopathy), which were fulfilled by the sample of the sexual offenders. Then I have analysed the sequence of the clusters according to the most prominent key variable among the subjects that were the most clinically disturbed. I have found statistically significant differences between the rapists and the normative population in several variables. The most prominent ones were associated with the interpersonal perception, and mediation. I have also showed that the psychopathy profile (Banality Profile) is only partially suitable for characterization of preferential rapists. Through the analysis of the...

A querela entre o papa e o imperador ao longo dos séculos XIII e XIV propiciou o surgimento de inúmeras teorias a respeito do poder em defesa de uma ou outra instituição. Marsílio de Pádua (1280-1343) foi um dos mais importantes pensadores a apresentar argumentos para essas discussões no século XIV. Ao denunciar os desmandos do papa e do seu Colégio de Cardeais viu-se obrigado a refugiar-se na corte do imperador Luís IV. A principal obra do paduano foi o Defensor da Paz (1324) na qual expôs elementos fundamentais para o debate em questão. Esta tese teve como objetivo discutir a doutrina política desenvolvida por Marsílio de Pádua a partir do seu próprio contexto. Para isso, foi necessário compreender seus conflitos e influências a fim de analisar os conceitos políticos apresentados em sua obra maior. Apoiado em Aristóteles, escreveu um plano prático para a intervenção política do imperador no Regnum Italicum. Marsílio adquiriu importância fundamental por sua formulação da noção de poder restrita à esfera temporal, delineando uma primeira ideia de autonomia do poder civil, dotado de atribuições específicas e independentes da esfera eclesiástica. / The quarell between the pope and the emperor during the XIII and XIV centuries has given rise to numerous theories about the power in defense of one or another institution. Marsilius of Padua (1280 1343) was one of the most important thinkers to present arguments for these discussions in the XIV century. Informing against the excesses of the pope and his Cardinal´s College, he was forced to take refuge at the court of emperor Ludwig IV. The main paduans work was the Defensor Pacis (1324) in which he exposed fundamental elements to the debate in question. This thesis aimed to discuss the political doctrine developed by Marsilius of Padua from his own context. For this, it was necessary understand their conflicts and influences in order to analyze the political concepts presented in his major work. Supported by Aristotle, he wrote a practical plan for policy intervention of the emperor at Regnum Italicum. Marsilius got fundamental importance by his formulation of the notion of power restricted to the temporal sphere, outlining a first idea of autonomy of civil power, endowed with independent and specific assignments of the ecclesiastical sphere.