Problem solving has been a core theme in education for several decades. Educators and policy makers agree on the importance of the role of problem solving skills for school and real life success. A primary purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cognitive abilities on mathematical problem solving performance of students. The author investigated this relationship by separating performance in open-ended and closed situations. The second purpose of this study was to explore how these relationships were different or similar in boys and girls. No significant difference was found between girls and boys in cognitive abilities including general intelligence, general creativity, working memory, mathematical knowledge, reading ability, mathematical problem solving performance, verbal ability, quantitative ability, and spatial ability. After controlling for the influence of gender, the cognitive abilities explained 51.3% (ITBS) and 53.3% (CTBS) of the variance in MPSP in closed problems as a whole. Mathematical knowledge and general intelligence were found to be the only variables that contributed significant variance to MPSP in closed problems. Similarly, after controlling for the influence of gender, the cognitive abilities explained 51.3% (ITBS) and 46.3% (CTBS) of the variance in mathematical problem solving performance in open-ended problems. General creativity and verbal ability were found to be the only variables that contributed significant variance to MPSP in open problems. The author concluded that closed and open-ended problems require different cognitive abilities for reaching correct solutions. In addition, when combining all of these findings the author proposed that the relationship between cognitive abilities and problem solving performance may vary depending on the structure (type) and content of a problem. The author suggested that the content of problems that are used in instruments should be analyzed carefully before using them as a measure of problem solving performance.

Priešmokyklinio ugdymo tikslas yra atskleisti kiekvieno vaiko asmenybę, išugdyti savimi ir savo gebėjimais pasitikintį, stiprią pažinimo motyvaciją turintį mokinį. Šio magistro darbo autorė, ugdydama ikimokyklinukus muzikine veikla, pastebėjo didelius pokyčius ne tik muzikiniuose vaikų gebėjimuose. Magistro darbe iškelta hipotezė, kad muzikinis ugdymas, integruotas į priešmokyklinį ugdymo procesą, gali turėti svarios įtakos vaiko socializacijai, emocinei raidai, skatina intelekto vystimąsi, formuoja kūrybišką asmenybę. Siekiant patvirtinti šią hipotezę, buvo suformuluotas šio darbo tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų emocinių ir kognityvinių gebėjimų ugdymo galimybes muzikine veikla. Magistro darbe numatyti šie uždaviniai: aptarti ikimokyklinio/priešmokyklinio muzikinio ugdymo bruožus; išanalizuoti priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų psichosocialinės raidos ypatumus; išstudijuoti emocinių bei kognityvinių gebėjimų sampratą edukologiniu požiūriu; ištirti muzikos integravimo galimybes į bendrą ugdomąją veiklą. Išanalizavus filosofinę, psichologinę ir pedagoginę literatūrą, išsigrynino problemos aktualumas. Atlikus žvalgomąjį tyrimą išaiškėjo, kad tik pusė tyrime dalyvavusių respondentų (ugdytinių tėvų) pasitelkia neformalųjį muzikinį ugdymą, kaip priemonę priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų emocinių ir kognityvinių gebėjimų ugdymui, nors visi jie pageidauja savo vaikams papildomos muzikinės veiklos. Atlikus trianguliacinę duomenų analizę... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The goal of pre-school fostering is to disclose personality of every child, to develop a pupil who has confidence in himself and his abilities; as well as has a strong motivation for knowledge. By developing pre-school children with the help of music activity the author of this master’s thesis noticed great changes not only in musical abilities of children. A hypothesis raised in the master’s thesis that music education integrated into preschool fostering process may have a significant impact on the child’s socialization, emotional development, fosters the development of intellect, forms a creative personality. Seeking to confirm this hypothesis, a goal of this research paper was formulated – to disclose the possibilities of developing emotional and cognitive abilities of pre-school children with music activity. The following objectives were set for in the master’s thesis: to discuss the features of pre-school/pre-primary music education features; to analyze the peculiarities of pre-school children’s psychological -social development; to study the conception of emotional and cognitive abilities in educational respect; to explore the possibilities of music integration into general educational activity. After analyzing philosophical, psychological and pedagogical literature, relevance of the issue became evident. A prospecting study revealed that only half of the respondents who participated in the survey (parents of pupils) resort to non-formal music... [to full text]

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- McMaster University, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-130). Also available via World Wide Web.

The most representative models of cognitive development following the new outcomes of psychological theories are presented. Then a brief analysis of the models in terms of six factors related to different areas in psychology and social sciences (importance of each stage, processes, knowledge, individual differences, context and limits in the cognitive development) is developed. Finally, an integration of the model developed by Sincoff and Sternberg (1989) is presented. / Se presentan los modelos más representativos del desarrollo cognitivo según los avances en las teorías psicológicas. Luego se realiza un breve análisis de los modelos en función a seis factores relacionados con diferentes áreas de la psicología y las ciencias sociales (importancia de cada etapa, procesos, conocimiento, diferencias individuales, contexto y limitaciones en el desarrollo cognitivo). Finalmente se presenta una propuesta de integración de los modelos actuales del desarrollo cognitivo desarrollado por Sincoff y Sternberg (1989)

The purpose of this study was to explore differences in movement initiation and execution, and their associations with amount of physical activity (PA) and cognitive abilities, in 6 to 8 year old children born PT compared to peers born at term. The sample consisted of in total 78 children divided in subgroups, 16 born very preterm (VPT), 24 born moderate preterm (MPT) and 38 age matched controls born at term (FT) with no diagnosed cognitive or motor impairments. Three-dimensional (3D) kinematic recordings of wrist movements during two bimanual tapping tasks (horizontal and vertical) were finalized and kinematic outcome measures were investigated in relation to PA and performance on WISC-IV. Children born VPT showed significantly longer Latency times and longer Duration of movement execution compared to children born MPT and FT. No significant within group correlations between PA and movement performance were found. Duration of movement execution and Total duration of movement execution were negatively associated with Full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and processing speed index (SI) in the PT group. Early school aged children born VPT need longer planning time to initiate and execute goal directed bimanual movements, compared to peers born MPT and FT. Kinematic performance did not evidently associate with amount of PA, although kinematics, by means of longer Latency time and Duration of movement execution, negatively associated with SI. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka skillnader i initiering och utförande av en rörelse samt deras associationer med fysisk aktivitet och kognitiv förmåga hos förtidigt födda barn i åldrarna 6 till 8 år samt åldersmatchade fullgångna jämnåriga barn. Urvalet bestod av total 78 barn uppdelade i subgrupper, 16 väldigt förtidigt födda, 24 moderat förtidigt födda och 38 åldersmatchade fullgångna kontroller utan några kända kognitiva eller motoriska nedsättningar. Tredimensionella (3D) kinematiska registreringar av handledsrörelser under två bimanuella knapptrycksuppgifter (horisontell och vertikal) genomfördes. Utfallet av rörelsemätningarna studerades i association till fysisk aktivitet och resultat på WISC-IV. Väldigt förtidigt födda barn visade längre latenstid och längre duration av rörelse jämfört med moderat förtidigt födda och fullgångna barn. Inga signifikanta inom grupps korrelationer mellan fysisk aktivitet och rörelseutförande hittades. Utförandets duration samt hela utförandets duration associerade negativt med IQ kvot och processhastighet (SI) hos för tidigt födda barn. Väldigt förtidigt födda barn i tidig skolålder behöver mer tid till rörelseplanering, initiering och utförande av viljestyrda målinriktade rörelser jämfört med jämnåriga barn födda senare i graviditeten. Kinematiskt utfall associerade inte signifikant med fysisk aktivitet, däremot associerade kinematiskt utfall, i form av längre latenstid och duration av utförande, negativt med kognitiv processhastighet.

No description available.

Little is known about verbal memory performance in long-term COVID as well as the trajectory of recovery of verbal memory in long-term COVID. Here, I examine verbal memory performance differences in long-term COVID patients and control participants as well as how patients’ verbal memory performances changed over time. In the cross-sectional part of the thesis, 33 patients and 45 controls were assessed using a cognitive test battery. In the longitudinal part, 27 patients were tested at two points in time. Controls performed significantly better in the verbal memory task compared to patients. However, patients performed better at the second time point. In conclusion, long-term COVID patients did increase their verbal memory performance but did not reach the level of a group of healthy controls. / Det saknas kunskap om verbalt minne vid long-term COVID samt hur återhämtningen ser ut för verbalt minne vid long-term COVID. Syftet med den här uppsatsen var därför att undersöka skillnader i prestation när det kommer till verbalt minne hos patienter med long-term COVID och kontrollpersoner samt hur patienternas prestation när det kommer till verbalt minne förändrades över tid. I uppsatsens tvärsnittsdel bedömdes 33 patienter och 45 kontroller med hjälp av ett kognitivt testbatteri. I den longitudinella delen testades 27 patienter vid två tidpunkter. Kontrollerna presterade signifikant bättre när det kommer till verbalt minne jämfört med patienterna. Dock presterade patienterna bättre vid den andra tidpunkten. Slutsatsen är att patienter med long-term COVID ökade sina prestationer i det verbala minnet, men nådde inte upp till samma nivå som en grupp friska kontroller.

No description available.

Когнитивные процессы взаимно влияют друг на друга как в процессе функционирования, так и в развитии. Ощущение, восприятие и внимание обеспечивают получение первичной информации из внешнего мира, мышление, воображение и память обрабатывают ее, а речь передает эту информацию на уровень второй сигнальной системы, что позволяет ребенку осваивать опыт человечества и общаться. Слаженная работа познавательных процессов влияет на объективное отражение ребенком окружающего мира, развитие его личности и обеспечивает адекватную адаптацию к ней. Актуальность определяется задачами образования на современном этапе развития общества и высокими государственными требованиями к уровню общеобразовательной подготовки учащихся. / Cognitive processes mutually influence each other both in the process of functioning and in development. Sensation, perception and attention ensure the receipt of primary information from the outside world, thinking, imagination and memory process it, and speech transfers this information to the level of the second signaling system, which allows the child to master the experience of humanity and communicate. The coordinated work of cognitive processes influences the child’s objective reflection of the world around him, the development of his personality and ensures adequate adaptation to it. The relevance is determined by the tasks of education at the present stage of development of society and the high state requirements for the level of general educational training of students.

Selon plusieurs auteurs, l’intelligence générale et les traits de personnalité sont des construits fondamentaux nécessaires à l’adaptation psychosociale des individus. Bien que plusieurs études menées à partir d’échantillons d’adultes aient démontré des liens significatifs entre ces deux construits, peu d’entre elles ont tenté de vérifier si ces relations pouvaient être observées aussi chez les adolescents. De plus, un nombre très restreint d’études ont étudié la question de savoir si les relations entre l’intelligence générale et les traits de personnalité étaient significatives de façon prospective avec un intervalle de temps entre les évaluations. Enfin, les études disponibles ne permettent pas de déterminer si les relations entre l’intelligence générale et les traits de personnalité sont différentes selon le sexe. La présente étude visait à combler ces vides. Les objectifs étaient, d’une part, de déterminer s’il existe des relations prédictives concurrentes et prospectives entre l’intelligence générale et les traits de personnalité chez les adolescents et, d’autre part, de vérifier si ces relations sont différentes entre les garçons et les filles. Les données utilisées proviennent de l’étude longitudinale de la Stratégie d’intervention agir autrement (SIAA). Un large échantillon d’adolescents évalués une première fois en secondaire un et réévalués à nouveau quatre ans plus tard en secondaire cinq a été employé. À la première vague de collecte de données, seule l’intelligence générale a été évaluée, tandis qu’à la deuxième vague, autant l’intelligence générale que les traits de personnalité l’ont été. La modélisation par équations structurales sur des variables latentes a été utilisée pour tester les différentes hypothèses de recherche. Les résultats ont démontré que, sur le plan concurrent, l’intelligence générale et tous les traits de personnalité considérés sont reliés significativement de façon positive, ce qui va partiellement à l’encontre des données obtenues à partir des échantillons d’adultes. Sur le plan prospectif, les résultats ont confirmé que les corrélations diminuent avec le temps, et ce, pour presque tous les traits étudiés. Finalement, les modèles d’équations structurales multi-groupes ont confirmé la présence de différences significatives entre les garçons et les filles pour certains traits de personnalité. Dans l’ensemble, bien que plusieurs résultats de la présente étude obtenus à partir d’un échantillon d’adolescents soient conformes à ceux observés auprès d’échantillons d’adultes, certaines différences intéressantes sont observées. / According to several scholars, general intelligence and personality traits are fundamental constructs that are necessary for individuals’ psychosocial adjustment. Even though several studies showed significant relations between these constructs in adults’ samples, very few attempted to demonstrate if these relations can be observed in adolescents’ samples. Moreover, very few studies verified if these relations between general intelligence and personality traits were also significant prospectively with a time interval between assessments. Furthermore, the available studies do not allow determining if the relations between general intelligence and personality traits are different across gender. This study aimed at filling these gaps. The objectives were to determine if there were concurrent and prospective relations between general intelligence and personality traits in adolescents, as well as to determine if these relations were different across boys and girls. Data were drawn from the New Approaches New Solutions (NANS) longitudinal study. A large sample of adolescents first assessed in grade one, and re-assessed four years later in grade 5 was used. At the first wave of data collection, only general intelligence was assessed, while at the fifth wave, both general intelligence and personality were assessed. Structural equation modeling on latent variables was used to test the different research hypotheses. The results demonstrated that concurrently, general intelligence and all personality traits considered are significantly positively related, which partially contradict data from adults’ samples. Prospectively, the results confirmed that correlations decreased over time for almost all personality traits. Finally, multiple-group structural equations models confirmed there are significant differences between boys and girls for some personality traits. Overall, despite several results converge with those observed with adults’ samples, some interesting differences can be observed when adolescents are studied.