京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24433号 / 理博第4932号 / 新制||理||1705(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)教授 谷村 吉隆, 教授 林 重彦, 教授 鈴木 俊法 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:35:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:35:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Bancos de Tecidos de diversas regiões do mundo têm estocado cartilagens humanas obtidas de doadores post mortem para uso em diversos tipos de cirurgias reconstrutivas. Para garantir que tais tecidos não estejam contaminados, estes têm sido esterilizados com radiação ionizante. Entretanto, altas doses de radiação gama podem causar efeitos indesejáveis nos tecidos. No presente trabalho, avaliamos a viabilidade de utilizar duas técnicas, Tomografia por Coerência Óptica (OCT) e Termogravimetria (TGA), para identificar possíveis modificações estruturais causadas na cartilagem costal humana em decorrência dos métodos de preservação e doses de radiação ionizante utilizadas. As cartilagens obtidas de doadores cadavéricos foram congeladas a -70 ºC ou preservadas em glicerol. A seguir, as amostras foram irradiadas por fontes de 60Co com doses de 15, 25 e 50 kGy. Nos resultados de TGA verificamos que as cartilagens preservadas em glicerol e irradiadas com diferentes doses de radiação não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes quando comparadas ao grupo controle, no que tange a taxa de desidratação do tecido, sendo que o mesmo não ocorre com cartilagens congeladas a -70 ºC e irradiadas com doses de 15 kGy. Em relação ao uso da técnica de OCT, por meio do cálculo do coeficiente de atenuação óptica total, verificamos que doses de 15 kGy promovem a criação de ligações cruzadas entre as fibrilas de colágeno, corroborando os resultados de TGA. Ainda, os valores do coeficiente de atenuação óptica total são diretamente proporcionais à tensão de ruptura das cartilagens, o que nos possibilitará, em um futuro próximo, predizer a qualidade de um enxerto sem a necessidade de perda de material biológico, visto ser o OCT um método não destrutivo. Por meio das imagens de PS-OCT podemos verificar que as doses de radiação utilizadas para esterilizar as amostras não provocam danos à rede de colágeno a ponto de que sua birrefringência seja perdida. Assim, o TGA e OCT são técnicas que podem ser utilizadas por bancos de tecidos de forma a verificar a qualidade dos tecidos antes de serem transplantados em pacientes. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

By allowing to measure the magnetic field distribution inside a material, muon spin rotation experiments have the potential to provide valuable information about microscopic properties of high-temperature superconductors. Nevertheless, information about the intrinsic superconducting properties of the material is masked by random thermal and static fluctuations of the magnetic field which penetrates the material in the form of vortices of quantized magnetic flux. A good understanding of the fluctuations of those vortices is needed for the correct determination of intrinsic properties, notably the coherence length &xi;, and the field penetration depth &lambda;. We develop a simulation based on the Metropolis algorithm in order to understand the effect, on the magnetic field distribution, of disorder- and thermally-induced fluctuations of the vortex lattice inside a layered superconductor. <br /><br /> Our model correctly predicts the melting temperatures of the YBa₂Cu₃O_{6. 95} (YBCO) superconductor but largely underestimates the observed entropy jump. Also we failed to simulate the high field disordered phase, possibly because of a finite size limitation. In addition, we found our model unable to describe the first-order transition observed in the highly anisotropic Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+<em>y</em>. <br /><br /> Our model predicts that for YBCO, the effect of thermal fluctuations on the field distribution is indistinguishable from a change in &xi;. It also confirms the usual assumption that the effect of static fluctuations at low temperature can be efficiently modeled by convolution of the field distribution with a Gaussian function. However the extraction of &xi; at low fields requires a very high resolution of the field distribution because of the low vortex density.

By allowing to measure the magnetic field distribution inside a material, muon spin rotation experiments have the potential to provide valuable information about microscopic properties of high-temperature superconductors. Nevertheless, information about the intrinsic superconducting properties of the material is masked by random thermal and static fluctuations of the magnetic field which penetrates the material in the form of vortices of quantized magnetic flux. A good understanding of the fluctuations of those vortices is needed for the correct determination of intrinsic properties, notably the coherence length &xi;, and the field penetration depth &lambda;. We develop a simulation based on the Metropolis algorithm in order to understand the effect, on the magnetic field distribution, of disorder- and thermally-induced fluctuations of the vortex lattice inside a layered superconductor. <br /><br /> Our model correctly predicts the melting temperatures of the YBa₂Cu₃O_{6. 95} (YBCO) superconductor but largely underestimates the observed entropy jump. Also we failed to simulate the high field disordered phase, possibly because of a finite size limitation. In addition, we found our model unable to describe the first-order transition observed in the highly anisotropic Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+<em>y</em>. <br /><br /> Our model predicts that for YBCO, the effect of thermal fluctuations on the field distribution is indistinguishable from a change in &xi;. It also confirms the usual assumption that the effect of static fluctuations at low temperature can be efficiently modeled by convolution of the field distribution with a Gaussian function. However the extraction of &xi; at low fields requires a very high resolution of the field distribution because of the low vortex density.

Submitted by Maria Eneide de Souza Araujo (mearaujo@ipen.br) on 2017-03-10T17:07:28Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T17:07:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a adaptação marginal em restaurações classe II em dentina e esmalte dental utilizando um sistema adesivo universal de acordo com três técnicas diferentes de aplicação: Autocondicionante, condicionamento seletivo e condicionamento total, através do sistema de tomografia por coerência óptica (OCT), antes e após ao envelhecimento por termociclagem (TC). Preparos classe II foram confeccionados nas paredes mesial e distal, em 30 molares hígidos humanos, com término da cavidade em esmalte e em dentina. Todos os espécimenes foram restaurados (adesivo Single Bond Universal e resina composta Filtek Z350 XT) nas três técnicas de aplicação. Os dentes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos (n=10), sendo um para cada técnica de aplicação adesiva: Grupo I: autocondicionante, Grupo II: condicionamento seletivo e Grupo III: condicionamento total; em seguida os grupos foram avaliados antes e depois a termociclagem pelo sistema de tomografia por coerência ótica. De posse dos corpos de prova devidamente restaurados, partimos para os procedimentos de termociclagem (1000 ciclos de 1 minuto com intervalo de 30 segundos) e a avaliação pelo sistema de Tomografia por Coerência Óptica. Em seguida, as amostras foram examinadas por meio de imagens geradas pelo OCT e os dados foram submetidos ao teste estatístico não-paramétricos de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn (p<0.05). Foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante da adaptação marginal entre os grupos com término em esmalte (p= 0.0073); para os grupos com término em dentina, não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante na adaptação marginal (p=0.2063). Conclui-se que o OCT foi, então, capaz de diagnosticar a microinfiltração marginal nas restaurações em cavidades classe II. Existe deterioração das margens e alteração de padrão de infiltração marginal com as diferentes técnicas adesivas dos preparos classe II restauradas com resina em esmalte. Atribui-se à termociclagem a falha de vedamento marginal observada nos espécimes após em esmalte. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

The aim of the diploma thesis is theoretical analysis of optical fiber sensory sensing using coherent and incoherent interferometry, creation of simulation models of interferometers and their practical measurement. The first part deals with the description of basic physical principles and interferometers. In the second part the thesis deals with the description and design of optical microphones, which are based on the principles of physical interferometers Michelson and Mach - Zehneder interferometer. Both models are simulated in the VPIphotonics simulation environment. In the third part of the thesis, both models are assembled and measured. The last part of the thesis presents the differences between the interferometers and the results of the measurements.

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Diese Arbeit präsentiert die Ergebnisse einer Rastertunnelmikroskopiestudie an dem stöchiometrischen Supraleiter Lithium-Eisenarsenid (LiFeAs). Topographie- sowie Spektroskopieuntersuchungen an defektfreien Bereichen der Oberfläche zeigen eine Variation der Atompositionen in Abhängigkeit von der Tunnelspannung. Weiterhin wurde die Temperaturabhängigkeit der supraleitenden Energielücke untersucht. Dabei konnte die Signatur einer bosonischen Mode und damit eine Kopplung von Quasiteilchen beobachtet werden. Neben der Untersuchung defektfreier Oberflächen wurden auch Defekte und deren Einfluss auf die supraleitenden Eigenschaften analysiert. Es wurde dabei festgestellt, dass Defekte die supraleitende Energielücke ortsabhängig verändern. Die Defekte lassen sich aufgrund ihrer Symmetrie einer möglichen Gitterposition zuordnen. Eine detaillierte spektroskopische Untersuchung verschiedener Defekte zeigt deren Einfluss auf die Zustandsdichte der supraleitenden Quasiteilchen. Dabei stellt sich heraus, dass As-Defekte die supraleitende Energielücke erheblich beeinflussen. Fe-Defekte zeigen hingegen nur einen geringen Effekt. Für die Bestimmung der Ginzburg-Landau-Kohärenzlänge wurden Messungen im Magnetfeld durchgeführt. Hierfür wird in dieser Arbeit eine geeignete Näherungsfunktion hergeleitet. Die Näherung der differentiellen Leitfähigkeit bei U=0 V in einem Flussschlauch erlaubt die Bestimmung einer Kohärenzlänge von 3,9 nm. Dies entspricht einem oberen kritischen Feld von 21 Tesla. Neben der Bestimmung der Ginzburg-Landau-Kohärenzlänge wird auch eine Analyse des Flussschlauch-Gitters durchgeführt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der Flussschlauch-Gitterabstand dem eines tetragonalen Gitters entspricht. Allerdings zeigt sich für Magnetfelder größer als 6 Tesla eine zunehmende Unordnung des Flussschlauch-Gitters, was auf eine stärker werdende Flussschlauch-Flussschlauch-Wechselwirkung hindeutet. / This work presents scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy investigations on the stoichiometric superconductor lithium iron arsenide (LiFeAs). To reveal the electronic properties, measurements on defect-free surfaces as well as near defects have been performed. The former shows a shift of atomic position with respect to the applied bias voltage. Furthermore, temperature dependent spectroscopic measurements indicate the coupling of quasiparticles in the vicinity of the superconducting coherence peaks. LiFeAs surfaces influenced by atomic defects show a spacial variation of the superconducting gap. The defects can be characterized by their symmetry and thus can be assigned to a position in the atomic lattice. Detailed spectroscopic investigations of defects reveal their influence on the quasiparticle density of states. In particular, Fe-defects show a small effect on the superconductivity while As-defects strongly disturb the superconducting gap. Measurements in magnetic field have been performed for the determination of the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length . For this purpose, a suitable fit-function has been developed in this work. This function allows to fit the differential conductance of a magnetic vortex at U=0 V. The fit results in a coherence length of 3,9 nm which corresponds to an upper critical field of 21 Tesla. Besides measurements on a single vortex, investigation on the vortex lattice have been performed. The vortex lattice constant follows thereby the predicted behavior of a trigonal vortex lattice. However, for magnetic fields larger than 6 Tesla an increasing lattice disorder sets in, presumably due to vortex-vortex-interactions.