Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco Antonio de Almeida.pdf: 1348472 bytes, checksum: b377c0e57f793649150c8b6305fdb1ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-09 / The present work dealt with the influence of the collaborative planning on the performance of the companies of the food sector. For in such a way, a research was developed, involving two stages. The first stage was constituted of a research of exploratory nature, in a composed sample of seven companies, being that the data had been collected by means of interview in depth and treated by the content analysis. The results had evidenced the presence of the traditional components of the "4 Ps" marketing strategies and of the variable related to Resource Based View (RBV) as sources of competitive advantages. Of ownership of these results, increased of the variable of the model of Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards (VICS), it was broken for one second stage of research, of descriptive nature. It was used, for in such a way, a sample of 31 companies, chosen for convenience. The data had been collected by means of questionnaire, half-structuralized, consisting of open and closed questions, having as base the components or variable, identified in the first stage, as being those that the customers more valued. The components, divided in attributes, had been treated by the statistical methods, as it follows: descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis and (χ2). The results had evidenced that in the application of: a) the descriptive statistics, it had positive trend to infer itself that the collaborative planning influenced the performance of the searched companies; b) multivariate analysis, had possibility to identify two distinct groups, e; c) (χ2), was not possible to detect causal relation between collaborative planning and the others variables of results. Although the (χ2) has not shown robust evidences how much to the influence of the collaborative planning in the searched companies, the multivariate analysis indicated that the relation between collaborative planning and performance exists, despite the limitation of the size of the searched sample, confirming the hypothesis proposal. Finally, it is suggested, for continuation of the research, the magnifying of the sample of the companies in groups (industry/distributor/retail) of form to make possible the analysis for activity and to extend the sample of companies who are not of the food sector, in order to make possible comparisons. / O presente trabalho tratou da influência do planejamento colaborativo sobre o desempenho das empresas do setor de alimentos. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa envolvendo duas etapas. A primeira etapa foi constituída de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, em uma amostra composta de sete empresas, sendo que os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista em profundidade e tratados pela análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram a presença dos componentes tradicionais das estratégias de marketing "4 Ps" e das variáveis relacionados ao Resource Based View (RBV) como fontes de vantagens competitivas. De posse desses resultados, acrescidos das variáveis oriundas do modelo do Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards (VICS), partiu-se para uma segunda etapa de pesquisa, de natureza descritiva. Utilizou-se, para tanto, uma amostra de 31 empresas, escolhida por conveniência. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário, semiestruturado, constituído de questões abertas e fechadas, tendo como base os componentes ou variáveis, identificados na primeira etapa, como sendo aqueles que os clientes mais valorizavam. Os componentes, desmembrados em atributos, foram tratados pelos métodos estatísticos, conforme segue: estatística descritiva, análise discriminante e Chi-Quadrado (χ2). Os resultados evidenciaram que na aplicação da: a) estatística descritiva, houve tendência positiva para se inferir que o planejamento colaborativo influenciou o desempenho das empresas pesquisadas; b) análise discriminante, houve possibilidade de identificar dois grupos distintos, e; c) Chi-Quadrado (χ2), não foi possível detectar nenhuma relação causal entre planejamento colaborativo e as demais variáveis de resultados. Embora o teste Chi-Quadrado (χ2) não tenha mostrado evidências robustas quanto à influência do planejamento colaborativo nas empresas pesquisadas, a análise discriminante indicou que a relação entre planejamento colaborativo e desempenho existe, apesar da limitação do tamanho da amostra pesquisada, confirmando a hipótese proposta. Por fim, sugere-se, para prosseguimento da pesquisa, a ampliação da amostra das empresas em grupos (indústria/atacado/varejo) de forma a possibilitar a análise por atividade e ampliar a amostra de empresas que não sejam do setor de alimentos, a fim de possibilitar comparações.

Currently, there are many software applications handling planning, scheduling, material management, invoicing, workflow management within an organization. However, companies need to plan across a wider span of activities and need to collaborate with their partners to optimize the &#039 / &#039 / overall&#039 / &#039 / profitability. This requires collaborative planning within a supply chain and exchange of planning data. Collaborative Planning, Forecast and Replenishment (CPFR) is one of the most prominent initiatives on Collaborative Planning. However, CPFR only provides guidelines, but does not mandate any technology for the definition and execution of planning process. Therefore, companies have difficulties to define and deploy CPFR solutions and there is a need for a Service Oriented, Open Platform for the definition and execution of collaborative planning processes involving many supply chain tiers. In this work, first of all, the building blocks of the planning process have been defined as machine processable definitions in OASIS ebXML Business Specification Language (ebBP). CPFR Designer Tool developed provides the users to visually create CPFR Processes in ebBP and to convert this ebBP process definition automatically to an executable business process using OASIS Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL). In this way, the supply chain enterprises are able to create customized CPFR processes which are in integration with the underlying intra-enterprise planning processes. Moreover, in the thesis, a CPFR Process Execution Environment is prepared where the generated CPFR Process can be executed. The work presented in this thesis is realized as a part of IST-213031 iSURF project funded by European Commission under ICT FP7.

To a large extent, natural phenomenon like earthquakes, floods, lanslides and etc may seem &ldquo / natural events&rdquo / which are out of human control. In fact, the sociopolitical structure is the main cause of earth tremors which turn into disasters. What is notable and striking is that, because of institutional and social vulnerabilities and little or misguided efforts for disaster loss mitigation, natural events may turn into disasters resulting negative and devastating consequences. Institutional vulnerabilities connote a lack of local administrations&rsquo / capacity for disaster mitigation planning, furthermore awareness for accreting local stakeholders for disaster loss reduction. Social vulnerabilities, refers to miss-knowledge and lack of awareness for disasters in the society. In Turkey, it is hard to say that there has never been efforts for disaster loss reduction, whereas / the main focus of the state agencies has been on post-disaster emergency relief, literally wound healing for decades. Generally speaking, localities which experience a disaster may encounter significant losses in development, hence a significant decrease in local capacities which takes enormous resources to restore. The housing stock and urban fabric, which inherit an historical background weaved by missguided disaster policy that only focus on post-disaster emergency relief phase, pictures the extent of the problem in Turkey. In addition, both &ldquo / institutional errors which lead to underachievement in disaster policy and practice&rdquo / and &ldquo / opportunities for building robust and resilient forms of institutions&rdquo / come into local agenda. Errors, which might have been altered by long term and comprehensive modes of local planning for disasters, may lead to underachievement by local agents. To achieve such a model, we are in need to carry out qualitative and quantitative data collecting and analyzing techniques in different phases. The two analysis techniques are in-depth interviews (IDI) and drawing Concept Maps that will be conducted in the analyses process with local respondents selected by snowball technique.

Introduction: Nowadays beverage companies must focus on maintaining healthy finishedgoods inventory stocks in order to be able to decrease inventory costs, meet customerrequirements and to obtain competitive advantage. However many beverage SMEdon’t have an accurate planning and forecasting to manufacturing inventories. Thereforethey often face the problem of optimization in inventory management due to several differentreasons. As a result, company loses its competitiveness. Thus, there is a need tocoordinate Inventory activities of beverage SMEs to improve inventories’ planning. The purpose of this study is to analyze how inventory management is organized in a small Chinese beverage company. Frame of reference: This research is based on the theoretical framework relates with InventoryManagement (IM) and Retailer-managed inventory (RMI), vendor-managed inventory(VMI) and Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR).Empirical Data were collected through personal interviews and organization documents. Methodology: The research strategy for this paper is a single case study. This strategy allows investigating topic in its real life context. The inductive approach is used for this research based on qualitative data. The major source of data collection was semi-structured interviews and the company's documents. For analyzing data categorization approach was applied. Conclusion: The study found that inventory management theories presented in scientificliteratures are used in practice. To achieve better inventory management for beverageSMEs, the authors summarize four importance parameters based on literatures and findings.The authors also provide some suggestions based on the importance parameters inthe conclusion to optimize the case company’s inventory management.

協同規劃、預測與補貨（Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment; CPFR）是協同商務中一個新發展的應用實務，主要強調供應鏈上買賣雙方協同合作流程的概念，以提升供應鏈上流程的處理效率。企業需要利用協同合作所獲得之即時資訊來進行預測，減少不確定性因素之影響，提高預測之準確性。CPFR流程下協同預測階段分為銷售預測與訂單預測，兩者之預測項目與目的並不相同且所需要之資訊亦有所差異。銷售預測著重在市場需求部份的預測；訂單預測則是依據銷售預測、存貨狀況與生產面因素來做實際訂單之預測。由於訂單預測作為下個階段之實際補貨的參考，其預測準確性的要求就格外重要。然而研究文獻多偏向CPFR流程架構與導入效益等管理議題，雖有少數針對預測模型之研究，但亦以企業內部銷售預測為主，並未有文獻提出跨企業之協同訂單預測模型，故CPFR流程下訂單預測方法之研究探討有其必要性。本研究以CPFR流程中接續銷售預測之訂單預測階段為研究主題，蒐集近年來國內外研究CPFR與訂單預測之相關文獻為基礎，歸納出協同合作下訂單預測所須具備之屬性與影響因素，並作為模型解釋變數，透過時間序列、多元迴歸與演化策略法（Evolution Strategies）的結合，建構一個統整供應鏈上、下游協同資訊與符合CPFR流程下訂單預測特性之預測模型。最後以國內某製造業公司與其顧客（一國際大型零售商）之訂單資料進行模型驗證，與單純使用時間序列方法或統計迴歸分析的預測結果作績效評比，實驗顯示本研究所提出之訂單預測方法較傳統使用單一時間序列或統計回歸方法之預測結果佳。 / Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) is nowadays a practice of collaborative commerce, emphasizing buyers and sellers’ coordination for the efficiency of the process in supply chain. Enterprises utilize instant information obtained from coordinate processes to forecast in order to reduce the influence of the uncertain factor and improve forecasting accuracy. The stage of the collaborative forecasting in CPFR process is divided into sales forecasting and order forecasting which make differences on forecasting objective, subject, and information needed. Sales forecasting focuses on the prediction of the market demand; order forecasting is the prediction of the real orders according to sales forecasting, stock state and productive factor. The accuracy of order forecasting is extremely important because it is regarded as the reference of the replenishment at next stag. The literatures about CPFR mostly probe into manage topics like benefits of implementation or process structures though there are some researches on the forecasting model which mainly discuss sales forecasting inside enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate into the coordinative order forecasting model under CPFR process. This paper regards order forecasting following sales forecasting in CPFR as the theme. Besides generalizing the necessary parameter of order forecasting based on literatures review, the research presents a hybrid forecasting model which considers coordinative information and order forecasting requirements. It integrates the time series model, regression model, and use evolution strategies to determine its coefficients efficiently. The validity of the forecasting model is verified by experiment on order datum from one manufacturer in Taiwan and its international retailer. The results show that the order forecasting model has better forecasting performance than not only the time series model but also the ordinary regression model.

This Master thesis is written in the field of collaborative planning aiming to challenge the collaborative approach on it applicability, especially in the context of the Global South. As a case study it looks on the urban poor community participatory practice, the so called 're-blocking' in Cape Town – an example of insitu informal settlement upgrading. It questions not only to what extent re-blocking displays a successful approach of collaborative planing but also whether it can lead to more inclusive cities in South Africa. The field data was gained through qualitative semi-structured interviews, observations and an analysis of national housing policy documents. The findings evaluate re-blocking as a successful example of collaborative planning in the sense that local communities are truly involved in the process and have a lot of decision making power. Also, re- blocking can be replicable to other cities in South Africa. Yet it faces several risks in community mobilisation and communication and can only be operated on a small scale. Therefore, the thesis concludes that re-blocking itself may not lead to inclusive cities, however as an example of community participation it may change the mindset of the South African society and (local) government towards informal community inclusion.

During the last decade, research related to Supply Chain Management has got a great deal of attention. The focus has especially circulated around supply chain integration and centralisation due to the increasingly competitive global market. The aim of this thesis has been to investigate how the supply chain performance in international manufacturing companies could be improved. By having a qualitative approach, this thesis contributes to earlier conducted research by providing a holistic view on supply chain management. This is by the authors considered crucial to manage the complexity of supply chain management and supply chain change. The specific context examined in this thesis concerns the spare parts distribution of large international manufacturing companies. The methods used during the case study consisted of a thorough literature review, external interviews and workshops with experts within supply chain management and supply chain change, and several interviews with employees at different levels and functions at the focal company, Toyota Material Handling Europe. Two of the interviewed external experts were managers at the supply chain function at Volvo Construction Equipment and Ericsson. To answer the main research question, three sub-queries have been examined. The first one concerns what main areas of difficulty that can be identified in the current supply chain of the focal company and in international manufacturing companies in general. The second sub-query concerns which supply chain policies that could be used to solve identified areas of difficulty. Finally, the third sub-query concerns which prerequisites that could be identified to successfully manage change within supply chains. The results imply that Information and Inventory Management are the main supply chain related areas in need of improvements at the focal company, as well as in international manufacturing companies in general. Thereby supply chain performance could be improved if performance within these areas is enhanced. To solve these two identified areas of difficulty, four theoretical supply chain policies related to supply chain integration have been examined due to complexity, need of investments during an implementation, as well as each policy’s possibility to solve the identified areas of difficulty. The supply chain policy Vendor-Managed Inventory was considered the most appropriate policy for the focal company to implement. As a consequence, an evaluation of the focal company’s readiness to implement a Vendor-Managed Inventory policy was also conducted by using a supply chain readiness framework developed by Niranjan, Wagner and Nguyen (2012). Based on the literature review, including the theoretical evaluation of the appropriateness of implementing Vendor-Managed Inventory, together with the findings from the external expert interviews, the focal company is recommended to implement a Vendor-Managed Inventory strategy. However, the focal company is also recommended to see such an implementation as an opportunity to later investigate the possibility to also include large suppliers in the collaboration. This would increase the level of integration among supply chain members further and thereby secure the company has the possibility to receive the advantages associated with sharing information (including Points-of-Sales data) with all supply chain members.   From a theoretical perspective the conclusion is that Vendor-Managed Inventory, with its focus on supply chain integration through collaboration and information sharing among supply chain members, is considered appropriate to implement when companies want to improve performance in one or all of these areas. Furthermore, the usage of a consignment stock agreement might be an appropriate complement to Vendor-Managed Inventory due to the international context. However, the authors suggest that international manufacturing companies should strive towards including large suppliers in the supply chain collaboration to increase performance further. Thereby they should move towards capabilities promoted in the supply chain policy Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment, which advocate a higher level of integration than Vendor-Managed Inventory. Another main finding pinpoints the importance of a well-formulated and communicated vision in the beginning of a transformation, to manage supply chain change successfully. As a consequence, the authors of this thesis expanded the supply chain framework developed by Chopra and Meindl (2010) to also include vision. In addition, legal has been added as an important supply chain driver since it affects supply chain possibilities and decisions. The added parts are considered critical for the framework to be applicable in an international and rapidly changing business environment. Furthermore, the authors suggest the extended framework should be used to support companies evaluate the current and a desired future supply chain in accordance with examined change management literature. / Supply Chain Management har under det senaste decenniet fått mycket uppmärksamhet. På grund av en ökande internationell handel har forskningen framförallt behandlat Integration och Centralisering inom distributionskedjor. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur man kan förbättra prestandan av distributionskedjan hos internationella tillverkningsföretag. Genom ett kvalitativt angreppssätt bidrar denna studie med ett holistiskt synsätt av Supply Chain Management, vilket av författarna är ansett kritiskt för att kunna hantera komplexiteten relaterad till Supply Chain Management och förändringsarbete inom detta område. Studiens forskningsfråga har kunnat besvaras genom att undersöka tre delfrågor. Den första behandlar att identifiera huvudproblemområden i distributionskedjan hos fokusföretaget samt internationella tillverkningsföretag generellt. Den andra delfrågan behandlar vilka teoretiska supply chain policies som skulle kunna användas för att lösa de identifierade problemområdena, medan den tredje och sista delfrågan handlar om att identifiera förutsättningar för att kunna hantera förändringsarbete av, och inom, distributionskedjor på ett lyckat sätt. Samtliga delfrågor och huvudfrågan har kunnat besvaras genom genomförandet av en litteraturstudie, intervjuer och workshops med externa områdesexperter inom Supply Chain Management och Supply Chain Change, samt interna intervjuer med anställda på olika avdelningar och nivåer inom fokusföretaget, Toyota Material Handling Europe. Två av de intervjuade experterna utgjordes av chefer på logistikavdelningen på två stora internationella tillverkningsföretag. Företagen i fråga utgjordes av Volvo Construction Equipment respektive Ericsson. Resultaten visar att Informations- och Lagerhantering anses vara de huvudområden inom Supply Chain Management, vilka är i störst behov av förbättringar och förändringar på fokusföretaget samt i stora internationella tillverkningsföretag generellt. Därmed kan prestandan av distributionskedjan förbättras om företag fokuserar på dessa två områden. För att förbättra Informations- och Lagerhanteringen har fyra teoretiska supply chain policies utvärderats, vilka alla mer eller mindre fokuserar på att öka integrationen mellan medlemmar inom distributionskedjan. Genom att utvärdera dessa supply chain policies med avseende på komplexitet, implementationskostnader samt möjlighet att lösa de identifierade huvudproblemområdena, har författarna kunnat dra slutsatsen att policyn Vendor-Managed Inventory bör vara mest passande att implementera på fokusföretaget. I och med detta resultat utvärderades fokusföretagets lämplighet att implementera Vendor-Managed Inventory utifrån en teoretisk modell utvecklad av Niranjan, Wagner och Nguyen (2012). Resultatet av denna utvärdering stödde det tidigare antagandet att Vendor-Managed Inventory är lämpligt för fokusföretaget att implementera. Författarna rekommenderar dock att en VMI-implementation ska ses som ett första steg varefter förtaget även skall utvärdera möjligheten att inkludera sina större leverantörer och därmed öka integrationen av distributionskedjan ytterligare. Detta för att verkligen uppnå de fördelar informationsdelning kan medföra om information delas med samtliga medlemmar i kedjan. Författarna har med hjälp av dessa resultat kunnat dra den teoretiska och generella slutsatsen att Vendor-Managed Inventory, med dess fokus på att öka integrationen i distributionskedjan genom ökat samarbete och ökad informationsdelning mellan distributionskedjans medlemmar, anses lämplig att implementera då företag vill eller behöver förbättras inom dessa områden. Vidare kan avtalsmodellen Consignment Stock komplettera Vendor-Managed Inventory i en internationell kontext genom användandet av en legal ägare av lager, oavsett lagerposition. Författarna rekommenderar även att stora internationella tillverkningsföretag bör sträva mot att inkludera sina större leverantörer och därmed öka integrationen av, och samarbetet inom, distributionskedjan. Detta skulle medföra att prestandan av distributionskedjan förbättras ytterligare. Därmed bör de utvecklas mot supply chain policyn Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment, vilken förespråkar en högre nivå av samarbete än Vendor-Managed Inventory. Vidare visar studien vikten av en välformulerad och kommunicerad Vision i början av större förändringsprojekt. Detta för att öka chanserna till lyckade och välmotiverade förändringar. I och med identifieringen av visionens vitala del i förändringsprojekt, vidareutvecklade författarna modellen; Supply Chain Decison-Making Framework, utvecklad av Chopra & Meindl (2010), till att även inkludera Vision. Dessutom adderades Legala aspekter, då de påverkar både beslutsfattande och möjligheter inom en internationell kontext. Både Vision och Legala aspekter anses av författarna vara kritiska delar för att modellen skall vara applicerbar i en internationell och föränderlig miljö. I linje med forskning inom förändringshantering som identifierats i litteraturen, anses Chopra & Meindl’s vidareutvecklade modell nu vara lämplig att användas som en hjälp för företag att utvärdera sin nuvarande och önskade framtida distributionsstruktur.

Placemaking is an approach to designing urban spaces based on their existing values and identities. It has emerged as a response to citizens wishing to have an active role in the planning process and influence the development of their own surroundings. Placemaking often occurs from spontaneous consequences, with a diverse range of urban stakeholders involved in the process. Leading these complex processes has required local authorities to rethink their approach to urban governance. Despite municipalities being key actors in placemaking contexts, their role in the process is not well understood. Through a comparative case study of Amsterdam, Berlin and Copenhagen, this thesis examines how local authorities have interpreted and contributed to placemaking. The cities are analysed with a theoretical framework consisting of their governance structures, spatial leadership roles, placemaking tools and facilitation of public participation. The results indicate that municipalities interpret placemaking to involve public participation in a place-bound approach. A wide range of stakeholders were identified to be involved in the placemaking process, including local authorities, artists, neighbourhood associations, leisure time clubs, civic interest groups and private property developers. The roles of these actors were found to vary greatly from project to project. The study concludes that – despite some opportunistic flexibility – the municipalities of Amsterdam, Berlin and Copenhagen generally take on a more observing, follower-dominant and bottom-linked role in the placemaking process. This observation implies that during the 21st century, cities have adopted a significantly more adaptive and observant role in their urban governance processes. This is especially evident within the placemaking context, which embraces the idea of co-creation and collaboration.

Fokus i den här uppsatsen ligger på samverkan mellan tre offentliga utvecklingsaktörer iSkåne; Region Skåne, Länsstyrelsen Skåne och kommunerna. En god samverkan dessaaktörer emellan anses generellt vara viktigt, och något av en grundläggande aspekt, för att den hållbara stadsutvecklingen i Skåne ska ledas i rätt riktning. Det teoretiska ramverk som används i uppsatsen målar upp en bild av hur samverkansprocesser kan te sig i verkligheten, samt belyser hur problem och utmaningar kan tacklas. Ramverket består av främst governance och collaborative planning – två teorier som är relevanta för både samverkan och hållbar stadsutveckling. Uppsatsen innehåller därtill en nulägesanalys av hur samverkan mellan de tre aktörerna ser ut idag, och lägger även fokus på vilken typ avsamverkansproblematik som kan uppstå. Analysen är till stor del baserad på intervjuer med personer som är aktiva inom respektive organisationer, och visar på att det råder en viss problematik kring samverkan dessa aktörer emellan. Två fallstudier av Båstads kommun och Skurups kommun har därigenom inkluderats. Det konstateras att utmaningar och problem skiljer sig från aktör till aktör. Det har däremot identifierats ett antal gemensamma nämnare som inkluderar bland annat motstridiga intressen, att aktörer inte involveras tidigt nog i processer samt bristande delaktighet och äganderätt. Denna problematik kan leda till att helhetsarbetet med hållbar stadsutveckling blir en än mer tidskrävande process. Uppsatsen presenterar även en förstudie till ett projekt, vars syfte är att förbättra samverkan mellan Region Skåne, Länsstyrelsen Skåne och kommunerna. Projektplanen föreslår att dessa aktörer tillsammans går ihop och bildar en arena där de i direkt samverkan arbetar fram en samverkansmodell för hållbar stadsutveckling, detta för att lösa en del av den problematik som tidigare har identifierats. / The focus of this thesis is collaboration between three public actors in Scania; Region Skåne,Länsstyrelsen Skåne and the municipalities. It is argued that a well functioning collaboration and partnership between these three actors is crucial for a sustainable urban development to occur in Scania. The theoretical framework used in the thesis creates a picture of how this type of collaboration works in practice; it also helps identify some of the problems and challenges with said collaboration. The framework consists mainly of two theories relevant to both sustainable urban development and the collaboration between actors; governance and collaborative planning. The thesis thereon presents a situation analysis on the subject of how the three actors actually collaborate in the field and what kind of problems and challenges this presents. The analysis is primarily based on interviews with people working within these three organizations, which shows and investigates problems with the process of collaboration between the actors. This includes two case studies of Båstad municipality and Skurup municipality. The identified challenges and problems may differ from actor to actor, but some have been acknowledged as being more general; conflicts of interest, involving actors too late in processes and a lack of participation and ownership. This fact could prove to be problematic and could also ultimately lead to a slower and less efficient sustainable urban development. This thesis will also present a feasibility study proposing a project that aims to enable better collaboration between Region Skåne, Länsstyrelsen Skåne and the municipalities of Scania. The project proposes that the three actors create an arena where they together will develop a collaborative model for sustainable urban development. The fact that the involved actors themselves will develop this model will hopefully solve some of the initial identified challenges regarding collaboration.

Thesis (Ph.D. Administration (Development Planning and Management)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness in planning for and management of urbanisation towards climate change mitigation at the City of Polokwane, Polokwane Local Municipality in the Limpopo Province. In Africa, various studies have demonstrated that unplanned urbanisation has resulted in increasing Greenhouse Gas emissions, which has contributed to the intensification of climate change. Although every country has contributed to climate change, African countries have blamed the current climatic conditions (floods, drought, changing precipitation patterns, sea-level rise, heatwaves and high temperature) on the excessive development alternatives that are highly polluting from the developed countries. In South Africa, the Spatial Planning Land Use Management Act (SPLUMA) is an important planning instrument to plan and manage urbanisation. Although there has been a transformation of legislative framework in South Africa, its implementation remains unreformed. The study adopted a mixed method approach to integrate the strengths of both the qualitative and quantitative methods. The study was undertaken at four areas around the City of Polokwane, namely Legae le Batho, Serala View, Emdo Park and Flora Park by engaging with the local communities on their perceptions regarding the planning and management practices within the municipality. The findings of the study indicate that there is a gap between the municipality and the local communities in the planning and management of urbanisation. The collaboration between the communities and Polokwane Local Municipality in planning serves as a strategy for efficient climate change mitigation. The use of solar systems for street lights, solar geysers, hybrid system (solar and batteries) and gas application can significantly reduce electricity consumption, which is currently generated from the combustion of fossil fuels. Therefore, the study recommends implementation of bio-digesters and solar plants to mitigate climate change. The study recommends proper alignment between the Polokwane Local Municipality and Capricorn District Municipality in terms of climate change mitigation to ensure effective implementation of project initiatives such as bio digesters (for gas generation) and solar plants for electricity generation.