The phenomenon of princely and scientific collections that proliferated in Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has become an important focus for modern historical analysis. These collections provide a microcosm of contemporary political, economic and philosophical ideas, often characterized by geographical and cultural differences. The mid-seventeenth century Kunst- and Wunderkammer studied here, instituted by the archbishops of Salzburg, brings forward themes sometimes neglected in the literature. The archbishops' collection was part of broader efforts to reinvent the city of Salzburg as a representation of both sacred and secular authority. Strategies for significant display were derived from religious and imperial ritual, drawing on the potential of objects as signifiers. In this context, I also examine some of the debates within the literature on princely and scientific collections, where the study of wonder and science begins to merge in cross-disciplinary scholarship. Finally, I highlight the role of transformation and materiality in these collections to argue that the act of collecting objects and the act of making were imbricated in the process of self-definition. Within themes of technology and process, I investigate the pursuit of creating Kunstkammer objects, as well as the business of their display and use in diplomacy.

A hole-collecting interlayer layer for organic solar cells, NiO, processed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) was studied. ALD-NiO film offered a novel alternative to efficient hole-collecting interlayers in conventional single-junction organic solar cells. Next, surface modifications with aliphatic amine group containing polymers for use as electron-collecting interlayers were studied. Physisorption of the polymers was found to lead to large reduction of the work function of conducting materials. This approach provides an efficient way to provide air-stable low-work function electrodes for organic solar cells. Highly efficient inverted organic solar cells were demonstrated by using the polymer surface modified electrodes. Lastly, charge recombination layers of the inverted tandem organic solar cells were studied. Efficient charge recombination layers were realized by using the ALD and the polymer surface modification. The charge recombination layer processed by ALD provided enhanced electrical and barrier properties. Furthermore, the polymer surface modification on the charge recombination layers showed large work function contrast, leading to improved inverted tandem organic solar cells. The inverted tandem organic solar cells with the new charge recombination layer showed fill factor over 70% and power conversion efficiency over 8%.

This thesis investigates how museum companions organise their conduct regarding their engagement with the exhibition and their social interaction with each other in the course of a visit. The main objectives of the thesis are the empirical investigation of social conduct in casual group museum visits and the exploration and understanding of social conduct in real-time distributed museum visits through mobile mixed reality technology. A third area of interest is the application of qualitative methodology, based on ethnomethodology and ethnographic methods, for the fulfilment of the above objectives. In particular this thesis presents and discusses fieldwork of collocated casual group visits alongside video recording and interviews collected in distributed museum visits during trial sessions in the Mack Room mixed reality museum environment. Drawing on vignettes of activity among collocated and distributed participants, the thesis develops discussion around three themes: the collaborative exploration of museum artefacts, aspects of the collaborative management of shared museum visits and the constitution of the visiting ‘order’ in and through social conduct. Among others, issues of collaborative alignment, awareness, indication of engagement and disengagement and conflicting accountabilities are discussed. The contribution of this thesis in current research in museum studies, CSCW and social science is explored. Findings reported in this thesis extend current visitor studies research to include the study of social conduct in the management of collocated visits and the constitution of visiting order. They also suggest that studies of sociality among distributed visitors may open opportunities for museums to support mutually complementing local and distributed experiences. With regard to understanding asymmetries in mobile mixed reality environments, the thesis points out that asymmetries could be better understood with reference to the activity in context rather than the technological features themselves. This thesis also makes a contribution to social studies research with regard to exploring the changing character of talk in distributed collaborative settings. Future research with respect to mixed reality applications for museum visits is also outlined.

The ambivalence of many prehistorians toward curio collections has meant that, although they recognise some of their shortcomings, they nevertheless use collections as if they had qualities of archaeological assemblages. In this dissertation it is posited and then demonstrated that curio collections are very different entities to archaeological assemblages. In order to use collections in valid constructions of New Zealand�s pre-European past, the processes that led to their formation need to be understood. It is only then that issues of representation can be addressed. In order to better understand the collecting process, a study of the activity of 24 curio collectors who operated in the Murihiku region of southern New Zealand during the period between 1865 and 1975 was undertaken. The study was structured about two key notions: the idea of the �filter� and the idea that tools and ornaments have a �life history� that extends from the time that raw material was selected for the manufacture to the present. The notion of the filter made possible a determination of the effects of particular behaviours on patterns of collector selectivity and the extent and nature of provenance recording; and the extended concept of life history recognised that material culture functions in multiple cultural and chronological contexts-within both indigenous and post-contact spheres. Examination of the collecting process led to the identification of five curio collecting paradigms: curio collecting for the acquisition of social status, curio collecting for financial return, curio collecting as an adjunct to natural history collecting, curio collecting as an adjunct to historical recording, and ethnological or culture-area curio collecting. Filtering processes associated with each paradigm resulted in particular, but not always distinctive, patterns of curio selectivity and styles of provenance recording. A switch in the focus of attention from examination of curio collectng processes generally to the study of the filtering processes that shaped collections from a specific archaeological site-the pre-European Otago Peninsula site of Little Papanui (J44/1)- enabled some evaluation of individuual collection representation. A database recording up to 19 attributes for each of 6282 curios localised to �Little Papanui� in Otago Museum enabled 31 dedicated or �ardent� collectors who operated at the site to be identified. These 31 dedicated collectors were grouped according to the paradigm that best described their collecting behaviour. It was found that the greater proportion of these dedicated collectors (n=12, 39%) had been influenced by the ethnological or culture-area collecting paradigm. These 12 collectors were responsible for recovering a remarkable 5645 curios or nearly ninety-percent (89.86%) of the meta-collection. Because curio collections lack meaningfully recorded stratigraphic provenance, it is the technological and social context in which tools and ornaments functioned that must become the focus of curio collection studies. Appropriate studies of technological and social and context focus upon evaluations of raw material sourcing, evaluations of manufacture technique and assessments of tool and ornament use and reuse (and integrative combinations of these modes of study). These sorts of evaluation require large collections compiled in the least selective manner possible and the collections need to be reliably localised to specific sites. Collections compiled by the ethnological or culture-area collectors have these qualities. Collections compiled within other paradigms lack locality information and were assembled in highly selective manners.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1964.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2005. / [School of Medicine] Department of Physiology and Biophysics. Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1964.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Stuttgart, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [256]-258) and index.

Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2010. / Title from screen (viewed on July 28, 2010). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Jason M. Kelly, Melissa Bingmann, Eric L. Lindseth. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-91).

<p>Uppsatsens syfte är att ta reda på hur STIM:s insamlings- och fördelningsregler ser ut och ta reda på varför det är på det sättet, samt att undersöka ifall det finns några brister och hur de i sådant fall kan åtgärdas.</p><p>För att få fram orsaken till utformningen av de insamlings- och fördelningsregler STIM använder har vi valt en kvalitativ studie där vi intervjuat STIM. Vi har även intervjuat olika aktörer, exempelvis musikförlag, som har kontakt med STIM, för att belysa eventuella brister. Totalt har vi gjort sju intervjuer. Vi har dessutom använt sekundära källor så som årsredovisning och material från STIM:s hemsida till beskrivandet av insamlings- och fördelningsreglerna.</p><p>STIM:s insamlings- och fördelningsregler är utformade av styrelsen och baseras på olika faktorer. Bland annat har STIM krav från upphovsrättssällskap i världen att hålla sina administrativa kostnader nere. De administrativa kostnaderna är centrala för hur noggrann insamling och fördelning STIM driver.</p><p>De brister som framkommit är bland annat att STIM ligger efter den tekniska utvecklingen och de nya användningsområdena för musik som detta innebär. STIM är bra för de stora upphovsmännen som figurerar frekvent i radio och TV. Dock är de mindre upphovsmännen inte lika uppmärksammade då STIM inte fokuserar på att samla in småpengar från mindre områden där mindre upphovsmän eventuellt figurerar. STIM:s monopolställning på den svenska marknaden bidrar till att det inte finns någon direkt press på dem att förändra verksamheten. En mindre konkurrent som skulle fokusera på nya marknader och mindre marknader som är eftersatta i STIM:s verksamhet, är behövlig.</p> / <p>The purpose of this case study is to find out how STIM:s collecting and distribution activities operate and why they do so. Also we intend to investigate possible scarcities and how they can be taken care of.</p><p>To find out how STIM’s collecting and distribution actions function we used a qualitative study in which we did interviews with STIM. We also interviewed various people involved in the subject e.g. music publishers. These interviews helped us finding scarcities within STIMS operations. We made a total of seven interviews. Also we used secondary sources such as financial rapports and STIM’s webpage to describe the collecting and distribution activites.</p><p>The rules which STIM uses to collect and distribute royalties are developed by STIM’s board and are based on various elements such as pressure brought on from foreign collecting societies to keep the administrative costs low. These administrative costs have great influence on the accuracy of the collecting and distributing activities.</p><p>STIM is far behind the new technology and the new use of music that this technology offers. STIM doing a great job towards successful originators whose songs are frequently played on the radio and the TV. However the less successful originators do not get the same attention from STIM because they don’t focus on collecting smaller amounts of money from smaller districts where some of these less successful originators appear. The monopoly status STIM has on the Swedish market contributes to the non existing pressure to make them change their operations. A smaller competitor whose main focus would be the new and the smaller market for music is necessary.</p>