Thesis (M.A.)--University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-52).

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Texas at Arlington, 2008.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 9, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-90).

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe how Colombian adult English language learners (ELL) select and use language learning strategies (LLS). This study used Oxford’s (1990a) taxonomy for LLS as its theoretical framework. Semi-structured interviews and a focus group interview, were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed for 12 Colombian adult ELL. A communicative activity known as strip story (Gibson, 1975) was used to elicit participants’ use of LLS. This activity preceded the focus group session. Additionally, participants’ reflective journals were collected and analyzed. Data were analyzed using inductive, deductive, and comparative analyses. Four themes emerged from the inductive analysis of the data: (a) learning conditions, (b) problem-solving resources, (c) information processing, and (d) target language practice. Oxford’s classification of LLS was used as a guide in deductively analyzing data concerning the participants’ experiences. The deductive analysis revealed that participants do not use certain strategies included in Oxford’s taxonomy at the third level. For example, semantic mapping, or physical response or sensation was not reported by participants. The findings from the inductive and deductive analyses were then compared to look for patterns and answers to the research questions. The comparative analysis revealed that participants used additional LLS that are not included in Oxford’s taxonomy. Some examples of these strategies are: using sound transcription in native language and help from children. The study was conducted at the MDC InterAmerican campus in South Florida, one of the largest Hispanic-influenced communities in the U. S. Based on the findings from this study, the researcher proposed a framework to study LLS that includes both external (i.e., learning context, community) and internal (i.e., culture, prior education) factors that influence the selection and use of LLS. The findings from this study imply that given the importance of the both external and internal factors in learners’ use of LLS, these factors should be considered for inclusion in any study of language learner strategies use by adult learners. Implications for teaching and learning as well as recommendations for further research are provided.

Les effets de l'immigration sur les individus comme étant le résultat des influences sociales, culturelles et économiques du nouveau contexte sont très bien connus dans la littérature scientifique. Ainsi, pour ceux qui ont immigré en couple, l'expérience d'immigration les amène à renégocier leurs rôles afin de s'ajuster aux conditions du nouvel environnement. Cette renégociation apporte des changements dans la répartition du pouvoir conjugal et permet l'adaptation de chacun des partenaires à la nouvelle société ainsi que le retour à l'équilibre dans le couple. Cependant, cette adaptation ne se fait pas de façon uniforme entre les hommes et les femmes. La présente recherche vise à prédire les changements dans la répartition du pouvoir conjugal au sein de trente couples d'origine colombienne ayant immigré à Montréal, en fonction de la durée de séjour et de leur degré d'identification à la société d'accueil (Canada et Québec). Le pouvoir conjugal est évalué dans cette étude selon la perception des membres du couple face à leurs responsabilités respectives lors de la prise de décisions globale ainsi que dans quatre catégories spécifiques, avant et après avoir immigré à Montréal. À propos de la durée de séjour, les données obtenues révèlent que, pour les femmes, le temps vécu dans la société d'accueil permet de prédire des changements dans la répartition du pouvoir conjugal. Ces résultats confirment aussi que ces changements favorisent l'augmentation du pouvoir des femmes au sein du couple dans deux des quatre catégories, soit « loisirs et activités sociales » et « soins et éducation des enfants ». Cependant, la perception des femmes n'est pas partagée par les hommes ; pour les hommes, le temps passé dans la société d'accueil ne permet pas de prédire des changements dans la répartition du pouvoir conjugal. Concernant le degré d'identification, nos données révèlent que, pour les femmes interviewées, l'identification au Canada peut prédire des changements dans la répartition du pouvoir conjugal au niveau global. En ce qui concerne le degré d'identification au Québec, celui-ci permet de prédire des changements dans la répartition du pouvoir conjugal dans la catégorie « soins et éducation des enfants », tant chez les hommes que chez les femmes. / The effects of immigration on individuals as the result of social, cultural and economic influences of the new context are well known in the scientific literature. So for those who immigrated as a couple, the immigration experience leads them to renegotiate their roles in order to adjust to the conditions of the new environment. This renegotiation makes changes in the distribution of marital power and allows the adaptation of the partners in the new society and the return to balance in the couple. However, this adaptation is not done evenly between men and women. This research aims to predict changes in the distribution of marital power among a group of thirty Colombian couples who immigrated to Montreal, depending on length of stay and degree of identification with the host society (Canada and Quebec). Marital power is evaluated in this study according to the perception of the partners about their responsibilities in making global decisions and in four specific categories before and after immigrating to Montreal. About the length of stay, the data obtained show that, for women, the time lived in the host society predicts changes in the distribution of marital power. These results also confirm that these changes favour the empowerment of women within the couple in two of four categories: « leisure time and social activities » and « care and education of children ». However, the perception of women is not shared by men ; for men, the time spent in the host society does not predict changes in the distribution of marital power. Regarding the degree of identification, our data show that for the women interviewed, identification with Canada can predict changes in the distribution of marital power globally. Regarding the degree of identification with Quebec, it predicts changes in the distribution of marital power in the « care and education of children » category for both men and women.

This thesis is about the negotiations of inclusion of Afro-Colombians in multiculturalism, understood as a form of government of populations based on cultural difference, but in which the limits of that difference that is recognized and managed politically are in permanent reconfiguration. Using the ethnographic approach (as a method of research and text description) I take various senses about the Afro-Colombian cultural difference, and how they are re-signified and mobilized in three universes where it is possible to approach the particularities of the multicultural project in Colombia: the negotiations for the categories in the censuses, the negotiations around the policy of reparation to victims, and the negotiations about their afropacific music. In each universe I identify the social actors that converge, the articulations, tensions and sonorities that come from these interactions, in order to identify the senses about Afro-Colombian ethnicity that are (re)configured and the associated socio-political dynamics. The analysis of this three proposed ethnographic universes allows me to conclude with a critical look on the Colombian multicultural project in the current post-conflict scenario, and how the anthropological practice is inscribed in this context. / Esta tesis trata sobre las negociaciones por la inclusión de los afrocolombianos al multiculturalismo, comprendido como una forma de gobierno de las poblaciones basada en la diferencia cultural, pero donde los límites de esa diferencia que se reconoce y gestiona políticamente están en permanente reconfiguración. Empleando el enfoque etnográfico (como método de investigación y descripción textual) sigo los diversos sentidos sobre la diferencia cultural afrocolombiana, y cómo son resignificados y movilizados en tres universos donde es posible aproximarse a las particularidades del proyecto multicultural en Colombia: las negociaciones por las categorías en los censos, las negociaciones en torno a la política de reparación a víctimas, y las negociaciones sonoras de la música afropacífica. En cada universo identifico los actores sociales que convergen, las articulaciones, tensiones y sonoridades que surgen de esas interacciones, para así identificar los sentidos sobre la etnicidad afrocolombiana que son (re)configurados y las dinámicas sociopolíticas asociadas. El análisis de los tres universos etnográficos propuestos, me permite concluir con una mirada crítica sobre el proyecto multicultural colombiano en el escenario actual de postconflicto, y cómo se inscribe la práctica antropológica en este contexto.

This thesis is about the negotiations of inclusion of Afro-Colombians in multiculturalism, understood as a form of government of populations based on cultural difference, but in which the limits of that difference that is recognized and managed politically are in permanent reconfiguration. Using the ethnographic approach (as a method of research and text description) I take various senses about the Afro-Colombian cultural difference, and how they are re-signified and mobilized in three universes where it is possible to approach the particularities of the multicultural project in Colombia: the negotiations for the categories in the censuses, the negotiations around the policy of reparation to victims, and the negotiations about their afropacific music. In each universe I identify the social actors that converge, the articulations, tensions and sonorities that come from these interactions, in order to identify the senses about Afro-Colombian ethnicity that are (re)configured and the associated socio-political dynamics. The analysis of this three proposed ethnographic universes allows me to conclude with a critical look on the Colombian multicultural project in the current post-conflict scenario, and how the anthropological practice is inscribed in this context. / Esta tesis trata sobre las negociaciones por la inclusión de los afrocolombianos al multiculturalismo, comprendido como una forma de gobierno de las poblaciones basada en la diferencia cultural, pero donde los límites de esa diferencia que se reconoce y gestiona políticamente están en permanente reconfiguración. Empleando el enfoque etnográfico (como método de investigación y descripción textual) sigo los diversos sentidos sobre la diferencia cultural afrocolombiana, y cómo son resignificados y movilizados en tres universos donde es posible aproximarse a las particularidades del proyecto multicultural en Colombia: las negociaciones por las categorías en los censos, las negociaciones en torno a la política de reparación a víctimas, y las negociaciones sonoras de la música afropacífica. En cada universo identifico los actores sociales que convergen, las articulaciones, tensiones y sonoridades que surgen de esas interacciones, para así identificar los sentidos sobre la etnicidad afrocolombiana que son (re)configurados y las dinámicas sociopolíticas asociadas. El análisis de los tres universos etnográficos propuestos, me permite concluir con una mirada crítica sobre el proyecto multicultural colombiano en el escenario actual de postconflicto, y cómo se inscribe la práctica antropológica en este contexto.

This thesis is about the negotiations of inclusion of Afro-Colombians in multiculturalism, understood as a form of government of populations based on cultural difference, but in which the limits of that difference that is recognized and managed politically are in permanent reconfiguration. Using the ethnographic approach (as a method of research and text description) I take various senses about the Afro-Colombian cultural difference, and how they are re-signified and mobilized in three universes where it is possible to approach the particularities of the multicultural project in Colombia: the negotiations for the categories in the censuses, the negotiations around the policy of reparation to victims, and the negotiations about their afropacific music. In each universe I identify the social actors that converge, the articulations, tensions and sonorities that come from these interactions, in order to identify the senses about Afro-Colombian ethnicity that are (re)configured and the associated socio-political dynamics. The analysis of this three proposed ethnographic universes allows me to conclude with a critical look on the Colombian multicultural project in the current post-conflict scenario, and how the anthropological practice is inscribed in this context. / Esta tesis trata sobre las negociaciones por la inclusión de los afrocolombianos al multiculturalismo, comprendido como una forma de gobierno de las poblaciones basada en la diferencia cultural, pero donde los límites de esa diferencia que se reconoce y gestiona políticamente están en permanente reconfiguración. Empleando el enfoque etnográfico (como método de investigación y descripción textual) sigo los diversos sentidos sobre la diferencia cultural afrocolombiana, y cómo son resignificados y movilizados en tres universos donde es posible aproximarse a las particularidades del proyecto multicultural en Colombia: las negociaciones por las categorías en los censos, las negociaciones en torno a la política de reparación a víctimas, y las negociaciones sonoras de la música afropacífica. En cada universo identifico los actores sociales que convergen, las articulaciones, tensiones y sonoridades que surgen de esas interacciones, para así identificar los sentidos sobre la etnicidad afrocolombiana que son (re)configurados y las dinámicas sociopolíticas asociadas. El análisis de los tres universos etnográficos propuestos, me permite concluir con una mirada crítica sobre el proyecto multicultural colombiano en el escenario actual de postconflicto, y cómo se inscribe la práctica antropológica en este contexto.

The subject of this thesis is the temporary and travelling exhibition Velorios y santos vivos: comunidades negras, afrocolombianas, raizales y palenqueras [Wakes and living saints: Black, Afro-Colombian, Raizal and Palenquero communities]. ‘Velorios,’ as many people involved in the project referred to it, portrayed Afro-Colombian funerals and devotions to Catholic saints, and was on display in the temporary exhibitions hall in the National Museum of Colombia, in Bogotá, from 21 August to 3 November 2008. Before it closed, a travelling version was designed that began to go around the country in 2009. When I wrote this thesis, ‘the Itinerante,’ as the travelling version was referred to at the Museum, was still available as one of the displays that its Travelling Exhibitions Programme (TEP) offered to the public. I use Velorios and the Itinerante as the main ‘characters’ in an ethnography of the National Museum of Colombia, where I explore the different instances in which this major exhibition produced visibilities and invisibilities regarding the place of Afro-Colombian people in the nation. As a museum, this institution is responsible for managing, researching and displaying its four collections (of art, history, ethnography and archaeology) but also, as one of the Ministry of Culture’s ‘special administrative units,’ it is in charge of designing and implementing policies that regulate all the other museums in Colombia. This is in keeping with national and international official legislation regarding cultural heritage, like the National Culture Plan and UNESCO’s resolutions, and in support of the development and strengthening of museums, museology and museum design in the whole country. Here I show what these responsibilities and duties translate into on the ground. The themes that the thesis explores are i) (in)visibility, ii) participatory collaboration and, also as the means to approach these themes, iii) documents and documentation. They are all components of the kind of curatorship that this museum exhibition conveyed.

<p>The purpose of the thesis was to analyse three action films; Collateral Damage from 2002; Clear and Present Danger from 1994; and Scarface from 1983, in order to see how Colombians are represented in these movies.The action genre comprises of different stereotypes where the hero and the villain are represented in conjunction to each other. The analysis is about the way the films content and form are used to uphold the representation of Colombians, but also the villain and the hero more generally.</p><p>Critical Discourse Analysis was used, as main method, and the concepts of denotation and connotation guided the analysis. . The main conclusion is that the three movies reproduced an already established collective stereotype of Latin Americans, stereotype that includes both Colombia and Colombians.</p> / <p>Syftet med uppsatsen var att analysera tre actionfilmer: Collateral Damage från 2002; Clear and Present Danger från 1994; och Scarface från 1983 för att se hur Colombianer representeras i filmerna. Actiongenren består av olika stereotyper där främst actionhjälten och skurken ställs i relation till varandra. Analysen gick ut på att se på vilket sätt filmernas innehåll och form användes för att framhäva främst representationen av colombianerna, men även skurken och hjälten.</p><p>Som metod användes en kritisk diskursanalys där begreppen denotation och konnotation var vägledande.</p><p>Analysen visade att filmerna reproducerade en redan etablerad kollektiv stereotyp bild av latinamerikaner, som inkluderar både Colombia och colombianer.</p>