Esta dissertação é o resultado da pesquisa sobre o deslocamento de bolivianos para a cidade de São Paulo a partir de histórias de vida de alguns desses imigrantes. Realizadas para o título de Mestre no Programa de História Social da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, as pesquisas foram desenvolvidas entre 2009 e 2012. Baseamo-nos na noção de colonialidade do saber, formulado por Boaventura de Sousa Santos, para compreender como os deslocamentos de populações em direção aos centros do capitalismo, que, com a esperança de integrarem-se no mundo globalizado, revelaram as impossibilidades no Século XXI da expansão dos direitos fundamentais. Por meio da História Oral, registramos histórias de vida nas quais foram expostos valores a respeito do mundo contemporâneo, daqueles que, por serem imigrantes, sentem-se como estrangeiros em terras brasileiras. Estes sujeitos, em suas narrativas, demonstraram as faces perversas da globalização e a fragilidade da racionalidade ocidental, a qual não constrói novas dimensões de saberes necessários neste momento histórico. A análise das entrevistas foi feita tendo como referência autores como Abdelmalek Sayad, para quem os deslocamentos são um fato social total, Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui, defensora da revalorização de saberes alternativos à lógica ocidental dominante, e Axel Honneth, que investiga o processo de sociabilização dos sujeitos e as formas de reconhecimento ou desrespeito que dele derivam. Reproduzidas na íntegra, as histórias de vida revelaram a imigração em toda a sua complexidade, por isso elas foram analisadas sob diversos prismas, entre eles: a subcidadania e a vulnerabilidade dos imigrantes indocumentados resultado do não acesso aos direitos fundamentais; o impacto da experiência da migração nas trajetórias individuais; os efeitos do preconceito e a discriminação na identidade dos grupos que ocupam posições subalternas; e, finalmente, a importação de trabalhadores como um mecanismo de produção de desigualdades. Defendeu-se nesse trabalho a idéia da necessidade da interculturalidade, pois saberes tradicionais são tão necessários como os conhecimentos oriundos das novas formas tecnológicas. Uma ecologia do Sul pode representar um novo modo de reinventar as solidariedades perdidas. / This dissertation is the result of the research about Bolivian migration to São Paulo city, having some of migrants life stories as our starting point. The research, carried out for the Master degree in the History Program of the Philosophy, Linguistics and Human Sciences College of University of São Paulo, was developed from 2009 to 2012. The notion of coloniality of knowledge, formulated by Boaventura de Sousa Santos, is fundamental for the understanding of populations displacements forward the centers of capitalism. These people, in the hope of being part of the globalized world, reveal the impossibilities of the expansion of fundamental rights in the 21st century. Through the Oral History methodology, we registered life stories in which appreciations of contemporary world were exposed by those who feel like foreigners in Brazilian lands, because of their immigrant status. These people demonstrated in their narratives the perverse faces of globalization and the fragility of western rationality, which does not build new dimensions of knowledge that are necessary in this historical moment. The analysis of the interviews was done having as references authors like Abdelmalek Sayad, for whom the displacements are a total social fact, Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui, who defends the revalorization of knowledge that are alternative to the dominant western logic, and Axel Honneth, who investigates the socialization process of persons and the ways of recognition or disrespect that derive from it. Reproduced on the whole, the life stories revealed the migration in all its complexity, and for that they were analyzed under varied perspectives: the sub-citizenship and vulnerability of immigrants undocumented -, result of the denied access to fundamental rights; the impact of migration experience in individual journeys; the effects of prejudice and discrimination in the groups identities that occupy subaltern positions in society; and, finally, the importation of workers as a mechanism that produces inequalities. We argued in this paper that intercultural society is necessary, given that traditional cultures and knowledge are as important as the ones that come from the new technologies. A South Ecology can represent a new way of reinventing the lost solidarities.

Esta dissertação é o resultado da pesquisa sobre o deslocamento de bolivianos para a cidade de São Paulo a partir de histórias de vida de alguns desses imigrantes. Realizadas para o título de Mestre no Programa de História Social da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, as pesquisas foram desenvolvidas entre 2009 e 2012. Baseamo-nos na noção de colonialidade do saber, formulado por Boaventura de Sousa Santos, para compreender como os deslocamentos de populações em direção aos centros do capitalismo, que, com a esperança de integrarem-se no mundo globalizado, revelaram as impossibilidades no Século XXI da expansão dos direitos fundamentais. Por meio da História Oral, registramos histórias de vida nas quais foram expostos valores a respeito do mundo contemporâneo, daqueles que, por serem imigrantes, sentem-se como estrangeiros em terras brasileiras. Estes sujeitos, em suas narrativas, demonstraram as faces perversas da globalização e a fragilidade da racionalidade ocidental, a qual não constrói novas dimensões de saberes necessários neste momento histórico. A análise das entrevistas foi feita tendo como referência autores como Abdelmalek Sayad, para quem os deslocamentos são um fato social total, Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui, defensora da revalorização de saberes alternativos à lógica ocidental dominante, e Axel Honneth, que investiga o processo de sociabilização dos sujeitos e as formas de reconhecimento ou desrespeito que dele derivam. Reproduzidas na íntegra, as histórias de vida revelaram a imigração em toda a sua complexidade, por isso elas foram analisadas sob diversos prismas, entre eles: a subcidadania e a vulnerabilidade dos imigrantes indocumentados resultado do não acesso aos direitos fundamentais; o impacto da experiência da migração nas trajetórias individuais; os efeitos do preconceito e a discriminação na identidade dos grupos que ocupam posições subalternas; e, finalmente, a importação de trabalhadores como um mecanismo de produção de desigualdades. Defendeu-se nesse trabalho a idéia da necessidade da interculturalidade, pois saberes tradicionais são tão necessários como os conhecimentos oriundos das novas formas tecnológicas. Uma ecologia do Sul pode representar um novo modo de reinventar as solidariedades perdidas. / This dissertation is the result of the research about Bolivian migration to São Paulo city, having some of migrants life stories as our starting point. The research, carried out for the Master degree in the History Program of the Philosophy, Linguistics and Human Sciences College of University of São Paulo, was developed from 2009 to 2012. The notion of coloniality of knowledge, formulated by Boaventura de Sousa Santos, is fundamental for the understanding of populations displacements forward the centers of capitalism. These people, in the hope of being part of the globalized world, reveal the impossibilities of the expansion of fundamental rights in the 21st century. Through the Oral History methodology, we registered life stories in which appreciations of contemporary world were exposed by those who feel like foreigners in Brazilian lands, because of their immigrant status. These people demonstrated in their narratives the perverse faces of globalization and the fragility of western rationality, which does not build new dimensions of knowledge that are necessary in this historical moment. The analysis of the interviews was done having as references authors like Abdelmalek Sayad, for whom the displacements are a total social fact, Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui, who defends the revalorization of knowledge that are alternative to the dominant western logic, and Axel Honneth, who investigates the socialization process of persons and the ways of recognition or disrespect that derive from it. Reproduced on the whole, the life stories revealed the migration in all its complexity, and for that they were analyzed under varied perspectives: the sub-citizenship and vulnerability of immigrants undocumented -, result of the denied access to fundamental rights; the impact of migration experience in individual journeys; the effects of prejudice and discrimination in the groups identities that occupy subaltern positions in society; and, finally, the importation of workers as a mechanism that produces inequalities. We argued in this paper that intercultural society is necessary, given that traditional cultures and knowledge are as important as the ones that come from the new technologies. A South Ecology can represent a new way of reinventing the lost solidarities.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-04-06T20:49:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ludmila Pereira de Almeida - 2017.pdf: 2921451 bytes, checksum: dbefb7b41484cce2808c2720c315f6aa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-07T11:17:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ludmila Pereira de Almeida - 2017.pdf: 2921451 bytes, checksum: dbefb7b41484cce2808c2720c315f6aa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-07T11:17:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ludmila Pereira de Almeida - 2017.pdf: 2921451 bytes, checksum: dbefb7b41484cce2808c2720c315f6aa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The main objective of this research is to discuss how to configure the language and communication practices performed in the sitcom Todo mundo odeia o Chris (2006). We'll make use of the contributions of the metapragmatic function and metadiscursive schemes (SIGNORINI, 2008) about how the process of social difference and, consequently, of body marker tiers are legitimized communicative practices. This process, articulated to the historical events of ritual acts of speech (AUSTIN, 1998; PEIRANO, 2002; DORNELLES, 2002), produces discourses which effect the intelligibility of the bodies with signs of differentiation, considering that this is a basic construction in the perpetuation of the coloniality of knowledge and power (QUIJANO, 2005) that shapes the way the world is read by an epistemology that regulates and hierarquizes differences. The text-speech Todo mundo odeia o Chris, being translated/dubbed (MARTINS & AMORIN, 2013) producing the trace of the compulsory black diaspora (SANSONE, 2003; GILROY, 2001), is reentextualized from the local-global repertoire (MIGNOLO, 2003) of the brazilian translator, like the language can be used to perpetuate, architect and ritualize normalizing discourses for the control, addressing and notification of bodies (BUTLER, 2003; 1997; PINTO, 2002; 2013a; 2013b). Such actions make the black body vulnerable to acts of naming and violence that historically subordinate them. For this reason, the media narratives (SILVERSTONE, 2002), by providing mediated experiences about the world by the writing of the scenario of signification, enable T.M.O.C to charge the spirituality of the humor (BERGSON, 2001; SALES JR., 2006) via poetic strategies in the exercise of the language (BAUMAN & BRIGGS, 2006) and act against the dominant ideology. The black body is a sign still segregated and undervalued in the context of coloniality/modernity/globalization/State in the Americas, what constitutes a transterritorial fight that specifies in diferent locations while playing the role of dominant forces. So, when T.M.O.C shows a narrative that not only inserts the black body into visibility but do it in a reflexive and critical form with the metapragmatic action, it contradicts the cordiality, the cultural communicability and the not-said that directs the brazilian situation with a neurosis born of itself (GONZALEZ, 1984). / O principal objetivo dessa pesquisa é discutir como se configuram as práticas de linguagem e performatividades de comunicação a partir do seriado sitcom Todo mundo odeia o Chris (2006). Utilizaremos dos aportes da função metapragmática e dos regimes metadiscursivos (SIGNORINI, 2008) sobre como os processos de diferença social e, consequentemente, de hierarquização de marcadores corporais são legitimados nas práticas comunicativas. Esse processo, articulado a eventos históricos de rituais de atos de fala (AUSTIN, 1998; PEIRANO, 2002; DORNELLES, 2002), produz discursos que efetuam a inteligibilidade dos corpos por indicadores de diferença, tendo em vista que essa é uma construção de base na perpetuação da colonialidade do saber e do poder (QUIJANO, 2005) que molda a leitura do mundo por uma epistemologia que regula e hierarquiza as diferenças. O texto-discurso Todo Mundo Odeia o Chris, ao ser traduzido/dublado (MARTINS & AMORIN, 2013) e retomar o traço da diáspora negra (SANSONE, 2003; GILROY, 2001) compulsória reentextualizar, a partir do repertório local-global (MIGNOLO, 2003) do interpretante brasileiro, como a linguagem pode ser usada para perpetuar, arquitetar e ritualizar discursos normalizadores para o controle, endereçamento e interpelação dos corpos (BUTLER, 2003;1997; PINTO, 2002;2013a; 2013b). Tais ações tornam o corpo negro vulnerável a atos de nomeação e violência que o subalternizam historicamente. Por isso, as narrativas midiáticas (SILVERSTONE, 2002), ao fornecerem experiências mediadas sobre o mundo compondo o cenário de significação, possibilitam que T.M.O.C. indicie a espiritualidade do humor (BERGSON, 2001; SALES JR, 2006) por estratégias poéticas de exercitar a linguagem (BAUMAN & BRIGGS, 2006) e agir contra a ideologia dominante. O corpo negro é um signo ainda segregado e subalternizado em contexto de colonialidade/modernidade/globalização/Estado nas Américas e que constitui uma luta transterritorial que se especifica nos locais ao reproduzir as forças dominantes. Portanto, T.M.O.C., ao trazer uma narrativa que não apenas insere o corpo negro em visibilidade, o faz de forma reflexiva e critica pela ação metapragmática, contradiz a cordialidade, a comunicabilidade cultural e o não dito que direciona a situação brasileira, do interpretante, por uma neurose de si mesmo (GONZALEZ, 1984).

This study is a critical examination of the complex search for peace, reconciliation and unity in Zimbabwe between the years 1978 and 2008, with a view to identify factors that have been blocking sustainable peace, national unity, reconciliation and development. It is a qualitative study which draws data from document analysis and oral interviews. The specific focus of the study is an analysis of the four peace agreements signed in this period namely; the 1978 Internal Settlement, the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement, the 1987 Unity Accord and the 2008 Global Political Agreement. Its central thesis is that coloniality in its multifaceted invisible forms is largely responsible for conflicts that have engulfed Zimbabwe and for compromising the chances of success of the four peace agreements. Coloniality has produced a ‘postcolonial’ leadership that has continued to practice politics in a violent, repressive, corrupt and unaccountable manner because of interpellation by the very immanent logic of colonialism that reproduces such inimical practices as racism, tribalism, regionalism and patriarchy. Theoretically, the study deploys de-colonial epistemic perspective in its endeavour to unmask and explain challenges to peace, unity, reconciliation and development in Zimbabwe. Finally, the thesis makes a strong case for pursuit of decoloniality as the panacea to conflicts and as an approach to conflict resolution and peace building that privileges decolonization and deimperialization so that Zimbabwe’s development goals could be achieved. / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)

This study deploys the decolonial epistemic perspective in an attempt to unmask the spectre of xenophobia. The decolonial epistemic thinking is in turn predicated on three important concepts, namely coloniality of power, coloniality of being and coloniality of knowledge. The study is focused on understanding the dynamics of the violent May 2008 attacks that took place in Alexandra and Yeoville. It problematised the use of the term xenophobia. The term occludes rather than enlightening the complex phenomenon of violence. Such violence has consistently and systematically engulfed people living in poor predominantly black areas of residence such as Yeoville and Alexandra. The study also used empirical evidence collected from the field to support its central arguments. What has been understood as xenophobia is in actual fact, part of the manifestation and outcome of abject living conditions of the poor. This study argues that what manifests itself as xenophobia is an additional element to various forms of violence taking place in locales such as Alexandra and Yeoville, places that decolonial theorists term ‘zones of non-being,’ where violent death is a constitutive part of human existence. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

Text in English / Through an in-depth analysis of selected texts, this study engages with the ways in which Ogun is reimagined by recent selected Nigerian playwrights. Early writers from this country, influenced by their modernist education, misrepresented Ogun by presenting only his so-called negative attributes. Contemporary writers are reconceptualising him; it is the task of this thesis to demonstrate how they are doing so from a decolonial perspective. These alleged attributes represent Ogun as a wicked, bloodthirsty, arrogant and hot tempered god who only kills and makes no positive contribution to the Yoruba community. The thesis argues that the notion of an African god should be viewed from an Afrocentric perspective, not a Eurocentric one, which might lead to violence or misrepresentation of him. The dialogue in the plays conveys how the playwrights have constructed their main characters as Ogun representatives in their society. For example, Mojagbe and Morontonu present Balogun, the chief warlord of their different community; both characters exhibit Ogun features of defending their community. The chosen plays for this study are selected based on different notions of Ogun, the Yoruba god of iron and war, presented by the playwrights. A closer look at the primary materials this thesis explores suggests Ogun’s strong connection with rituals and cultural festivals. These plays exemplify African ritual theatre. Being a member of the Yoruba ethnic group, I have considerable knowledge of how festivals are performed. The Ogun festival is an annual celebration among the Yoruba, where African idioms of puppetry, masquerading, music, dance, mime, invocation, evocation and several elements of drama are incorporated into the performances. The selected plays critiqued in this thesis are Mojagbe (Ahmed Yerima, 2008), Battles of Pleasure (Peter Omoko, 2009), Hard Choice (Sunnie Ododo, 2011), and Morontonu (Alex Roy-Omoni, 2012). No in-depth exploration has previously been undertaken into the kinds of textual and ideological identities that Ogun adopts, especially in the selected plays. Therefore, using a decolonial epistemic perspective, this study offers a critical examination of how the selected Nigerian playwrights between the years 2008 and 2012 have constructed Ogun, the Yoruba god of iron. Such a perspective assists in delinking interpretations from the modernised notions mentioned above, in which Ogun is sometimes a paradoxical god. Coloniality is responsible for such misinterpretation; the employed theoretical framework is used to interrogate these notions. The research project begins with a general introduction locating Ogun in Yoruba mythology, which forms the background to how the god is being constructed in Yorubaland. Also included iii in this first chapter is a discussion on a decolonial perspective, the principles of coloniality, the aims and objective of the study, and the relevant literature review. Thereafter, chapter two focuses on Battles of Pleasure and argues that the play re-imagines Ogun as a god of peace and harvest as opposed to a god of war and destruction. Chapter three discusses how Ododo’s Hard Choice reconceptualises Ogun as a god of justice, in contrast to him being interpreted as a god who engages in reckless devastation of life. Chapter four explores Ogun’s representation in Yerima’s Mojagbe as a reformer who gives human beings ample time to change from their wayward course to a course that he approves. In chapter five, Ogun’s reconception as a remover of obstacles in Roy-Omoni’s Morontonu is examined. The study concludes with a discussion on how Africans should delink themselves from a modernist Eurocentric perspective and think from an Afrocentric locus of enunciation. / English Studies / D. Litt. et Phil.(English)

This study deploys the decolonial epistemic perspective in an attempt to unmask the spectre of xenophobia. The decolonial epistemic thinking is in turn predicated on three important concepts, namely coloniality of power, coloniality of being and coloniality of knowledge. The study is focused on understanding the dynamics of the violent May 2008 attacks that took place in Alexandra and Yeoville. It problematised the use of the term xenophobia. The term occludes rather than enlightening the complex phenomenon of violence. Such violence has consistently and systematically engulfed people living in poor predominantly black areas of residence such as Yeoville and Alexandra. The study also used empirical evidence collected from the field to support its central arguments. What has been understood as xenophobia is in actual fact, part of the manifestation and outcome of abject living conditions of the poor. This study argues that what manifests itself as xenophobia is an additional element to various forms of violence taking place in locales such as Alexandra and Yeoville, places that decolonial theorists term ‘zones of non-being,’ where violent death is a constitutive part of human existence. / Development Studies / M. A. (Development Studies)

The work presented aims to analyse the dynamics of power and inequality within the Swedish academic space, and to do so considers the growing diversity of the Swedish academic composition, in the light of increasing internationalisation and a more recent commodification of higher education (HE). Through a critical discourse analysis of official documents published by the five largest Swedish universities, concerning internationalisation-oriented strategies, documents promoting equal opportunities and guidelines governing discrimination, I reflect on the spaces reserved for concepts such as diversity, interculturality and equal opportunities. To do so, I align myself with a decolonial approach, which questions places of epistemic enunciation, revealing inherent power dynamics represented by coloniality. I intend to argue that a decolonial perspective provides me with the lenses through which to analyse the power structures that still foster a colonial attitude in Swedish academia. The increasing internationalisation of Swedish universities and the way in which this internationalisation it is presented are, in my opinion, in tension with current policies that encourage and monitor equal opportunities. While on the one hand there is a tendency to build an increasingly international, global, and diverse university, on the other hand there is a lack of attention to diversity itself, to inequalities, equal opportunities, and potential discriminations. This tension helps to produce and reproduce power dynamics within the academic context, where the potentially global university does not invest enough resources in recognising and critically naming the differences that, even when unnamed, exist between all those who occupy the physical academic space. This tendency, I intend to argue here, is to be understood in the light of Swedish twofold tendency: on the one hand, a type of hegemonic feminism based on whiteness, heteronormativity and marginalisation of the other is produced and reproduced; on the other hand, such feminism, which proposes itself as the bearer of universal equal opportunities, contributes to the exclusion of other pluriversal subjectivities, excluded because they are racialised and do not belong to the nation-state in the strict sense - to which such feminism is in its nature closely linked.