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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Uticaj znanja, stavova, ponašanja i modela skrininga na učešće u skriningu raka debelog creva / The influence of knowledge, attitude, practice and screening models on participation in colorectal cancer screening

Petrović Vasa 15 April 2016 (has links)
<p>Uvod. Rak debelog creva predstavlja 9,7% svih malignih bolesti u svetu, i drugi ili treći je po učestalosti u onkolo&scaron;koj strukturi obolevanja, u zavisnosti od pola. Skrining, ili sekundarna prevencija populacije u prosečnom riziku ima centralnu ulogu u kontroli kolorektalnog karcinoma. Cilj. Utvrditi nivo znanja, stavove i pona&scaron;anje u odnosu na rak debelog creva i njihov uticaj na odaziv na skrining raka debelog creva, u zavisnosti od primenjenog modela skrininga. Materijal i metode. U istraživanje je pozvano 1.213 osoba oba pola, starosti 50-74 godine, za uče&scaron;će u studiji znanja, stavova i pona&scaron;anja (KAP studija) u odnosu na rak debelog creva, popunjavanjem upitnika (Sessa A). Formirane su tri grupe prema modelu skrininga: populacioni - model 0; oportuni skrining uz kontakt ispitanika sa medicinskim osobljem, bez dodatnih informacija o bolesti, skriningu i testu &ndash; model 1; oportuni skrining kada se uz kontakt sa medicinskim osobljem dobija informacija o bolesti i skriningu, uz prikaz izvođenja testa - model 2. U ovoj studiji je kao skrining metoda kori&scaron;ćen imunolo&scaron;ki test stolice -Wondfo FOB.Obrada podataka je rađena statističkim programom SPSS (version 13). Značajnost razlika je testirana parametrijskim (t-test, ANOVA) i neparametrijskim (Mann-Whitney U test) testovima, dok se komparacija kategoričkih varijabli vr&scaron;ila &chi;&sup2; testom i Fisher Exact testom. Test-retest analiza je rađena Cohen&#39;s Kappa testom. Rezultati. Od 1.213 pozvanih, 666 (55%) osoba je prihvatilo uče&scaron;će u KAP studiji. Vi&scaron;e od polovine (54,5%) ispitanika ima ukupan skor znanja manji od 50%. Nivo znanja, sociodemografske karakteristike, procena sopstvenog rizika obolevanja, stav u odnosu na korist testa, stepen sopstvenog rizika obolevanja i mogućnosti prevencije raka debelog creva, nisu faktori koji utiči na participaciju u skriningu kolorektalnog karcinoma. Najvažniji faktor za uče&scaron;će u skriningu u ovom istraživanju je kontakt i razgovor sa lekarom o bolesti, prevenciji i skrining testu.Odaziv u skrining, u odnosu na celokupno pozvanu populaciju je 51,2%. Od ispitanika koji su popunili anketni upitnik, participacija u skriningu je 93,4%. Statistički značajno manji odaziv u skriningu je u modelu 0 (12%) i modelu 1 (6%) u odnosu na model 2 (1%). Zaključak. Poznavanje bolesti, faktora rizika i mogućnosti prevencije generalno je oskudno, ali ne utiče na participaciju u skriningu. Faktor koji utiče na visok odaziv u skrining kolorektalnog karcinoma je kontakt i razgovor sa medicinskim osobljem, pre svega sa lekarom.</p> / <p>Introduction. Colorectal cancer represents 9.7% of all malignancies in the world and it is second or third in frequency in oncological structure depending on the sex. Screening, or secondary prevention of the average risk in the population has a central role in the control of colorectal cancer. Aim. Determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in relation to colon cancer and their impact on turnout for colorectal cancer screening, depending on the applied screening model. Material and method. There were 1213 people of both sexes aged 50-74 years participating in this study of knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP studies) in relation to colorectal cancer, by filling in the questionnaire (Sessa A). Three groups were formed with respect to model screening: population - model 0; opportunistic screening involving the contact of patients and medical staff, without receiving additional information about the disease, screening and test - model 1; opportunistic screening involving the contact of patients and medical staff while receiving information about the disease and screening, and explaining the test performance - model 2. In this study, a screening method used was fecal occult blood test - Wondfo FOB. Data processing is performed by the statistical program SPSS (version 13). The significance of differences was tested by parametric (t-test, ANOVA) and nonparametric (Mann-Whitney U test) tests, while the comparison of categorical variables was performed with &chi;&sup2; test and Fisher Exact test. Test-retest analysis was performed with Cohen&rsquo;s Kappa test. Results. Out of all the 1213 participants, 666 (55%) of them accepted to participate in the KAP study. More than half of them (54.5%) have a total score of knowledge less than 50%. The level of knowledge, socio-demographic characteristics, assessment of the risk of the disease, the attitude towards the benefit of the test, degree of the risk of disease and opportunities for prevention of colorectal cancer, are not factors in deciding to participate in the screening of colorectal cancer. The most important factor for the participation in the screening in this study is the contact and conversation with the doctor about the disease, prevention and screening test. The turnout for the screening, in relation to the number of people who participated is 51.2%. Out of those who completed the questionnaire, participation in the screening is 93.4 %. Statistically significantly lower response in the screening is in model 0 (12%) and in model 1 (6%) in relation to model 2 (1%). Conclusion. Knowledge of the disease, risk factors and prevention opportunities are generally scarce, but do not affect the participation in screening. The factor influencing the high turnout for colorectal cancer screening is contact and conversation with the medical staff, primarily the doctor.</p>
42

Efeitos cognitivos da quimioterapia adjuvante em pacientes com câncer de cólon / The effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on the cognitive function of patients with early stage colorectal cancer

Sales, Manuela Vasconcelos de Castro 12 January 2018 (has links)
OBJETIVOS: Evidências consistentes sugerem que a quimioterapia (QT) sistêmica para o tratamento do câncer pode apresentar efeitos deletérios na cognição levando a prejuízos de memória, atenção, velocidade de processamento e função executiva. A maioria dos estudos anteriores, entretanto, foi realizada em mulheres com câncer de mama, o que levanta a possibilidade de que o déficit possa ter sido causado por alterações hormonais e/ou menopausa precoce induzidas pela QT. Pouco se sabe sobre a toxicidade da QT na cognição de pacientes portadores de câncer coloretal (CCR). O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos cognitivos da QT adjuvante baseada em fluorouracil (5FU) associado ou não a oxaliplatina (FLOX) em pacientes portadores de CCR estádios II e III , em comparação a indivíduos com câncer de cólon estádio II de baixo risco não submetidos à QT. METODOLOGIA: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, não intervencionista, unicêntrico, onde os pacientes com CCR foram submetidos a uma avaliação neuropsicológica detalhada, além da avaliação de queixas subjetivas de memória e de sintomas depressivos antes do início da quimioterapia (t1) e após 12 meses de seguimento (t2). Avaliamos ainda o papel da apoliproteína E como preditor de risco para disfunção cognitiva e a presença de lesão de substância branca por ressonância magnética (RM) de crânio. RESULTADOS: Num período de 2 anos, de dezembro de 2012 a dezembro de 2014, 85 pacientes foram recrutados e completaram a avaliação inicial (t1): 26 no grupo controle (sem quimioterapia= QT-) e 59 no grupo casos (quimioterapia= QT+). Dentre os 85 pacientes que participaram da avaliação inicial, 16 foram excluídos da análise do desfecho principal. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (60,3%), idosos com idade média de 62,5 anos (DP 9,4) e escolaridade média de 7,6 anos (DP 3,7). Considerando o desfecho primário do escore composto global e também os domínios cognitivos de memória e atenção, não econtramos diferença significativa de desempenho no t1 e t2 entre os grupos. Com relação a função executiva, os pacientes que realizaram QT apresentaram melhor desempenho no t1, entretanto, evoluíram com maior declínio e pior desempenho que os controles no t2 após ajuste para idade, sexo, escolaridade e sintomas depressivos no baseline (beta -1,80; 95%CI -3,50; -0,11, p=0,04). Um subgrupo de 32 pacientes foram submetidos a RM de crânio que não mostrou alterações significativas de substância branca pela técnica de imagem de tensor de difusão (DTI) no seguimento. A presença do alelo ?4 da apolipoproteína E não foi diferente entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes portadores de câncer colorretal que receberam quimioterapia adjuvante com esquema FLOX apresentaram declínio no desempenho cognitivo no domínio função executiva em comparação a pacientes com doença localizada que não receberam QT após 12 meses de seguimento / PURPOSE: Cognitive dysfunction may occur after chemotherapy in cancer survivors, especially in those that received chemotherapy for breast cancer. The frequency and to which extent such toxicity develops in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors is unknown. This prospective study evaluated the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on the cognitive performance of patients with localized CRC in comparison with a control group who did not receive chemotherapy. METHODS: Consecutive patients with localized stages II and III CRC completed neuropsychological assessments, self-reported cognitive complaints questionnaires, and depressive symptoms evaluation before starting fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy (t1) and after 12 months (t2). Control group was assessed at matching intervals. Blood was collected for apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping. Clinical and demographic data were also collected. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data was acquired from a subset of participants at both time-points. RESULTS: From December 2012 to December 2014, 137 patients were approached and 85 patients were recruited: 59 received chemotherapy (CTh+) and 26 did not (CTh-), based on standard recommendation for adjuvant therapy for CRC. The mean age was 62.5 years (SD 9.4), 60% were male, and the mean years of education was 7.6 (SD 3.7). No difference was found on global composite score (p=0.38), attention (p= 0.84) or memory (p= 0.97) between the two groups during the followup (mean 375 days, SD 29). However there was a significant difference on executive function domain, after adjustment for age, sex, education, and depressive symptoms at baseline (beta - 1.80; 95%CI -3.50; -0.11, p=0.04), suggesting worse performance for the CTh+ group. In 32 patients who underwent MRI, there was no significant differences for all DTI indices in any white matter regions between CTh+ and CTh- groups during follow-up. APOE polymorphisms were not predictive of cognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSION: After adjusting for confounding factors, patients with CRC who received adjuvant fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin presented cognitive decline on executive function after 12 months in comparison with patients with localized disease that did not receive chemotherapy
43

Perfil da expressão imunoistoquímica dos receptores da família ErbB e seu prognóstico em pacientes com câncer de cólon e reto com alto risco para recorrência após cirurgia radical / Immunohisthochemical expression of ErbB family receptors and their prognostic role in patients with colorectal cancer with high risk of recurrence after radical surgery

Baiocchi Neto, Glauco 01 September 2008 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Deve-se considerar que cerca de 70 a 80% dos pacientes portadores de carcinoma colorretal estádio II podem ser curados apenas com cirurgia. Por outro lado, a despeito do tratamento empregado e dos benefícios alcançados com a evolução dos tratamentos adjuvantes, cerca de 20 a 35% dos pacientes tratados com doença em estádio III vêm a falecer por recidiva tumoral. É provável que existam características biomoleculares intrínsecas que possam conferir maior agressividade e resistência ao tratamento adjuvante. A família de proteínas ErbB formam um grupo de receptores de membrana, cuja função é ativar a via de sinalização intracelular em resposta ao sinal extracelular e é formada por quatro receptores: EGFR/ErbB1, ErbB2/HER2, ErbB3/HER3 e ErbB4/HER4. O complexo de receptores ErbB é uma das vias de transmissão de sinal celular mais amplamente estudada, porém poucos estudos interessados em avaliar a expressão dos quatro receptores da família ErbB e sua correlação prognóstica no câncer de cólon e reto foram realizados até o momento. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a expressão imunoistoquímica de EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3 e ErbB4 e seu papel como fator prognóstico para sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global em carcinoma de cólon e reto estádio II de alto risco e estádio III submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico radical. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: vi Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo que avaliou uma série de 118 indivíduos portadores de adenocarcinoma de colón e reto alto estádio II com fatores de alto risco ou estádio III. Foram analisadas variáveis clínicopatológicas e as expressões de EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3 e ErbB4 foram determinadas através de imunoistoquímica pelo dispositivo técnico Tissue Microarray (TMA). RESULTADOS: O tempo de seguimento mediano foi de 58,8 meses. A sobrevida global da amostra foi de 71,2% em 5 anos. A sobrevida livre de doença foi de 67,8% em 5 anos. As expressões imunoistoquímicas positivas de EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, em membrana de ErbB4 e em citoplasma de ErbB4 foram encontradas em respectivamente 59,3%, 7,6%, 71,2%, 10,2% e 20,3% dos casos. Houve diferença significativa na expressão de EGFR em relação à localização da neoplasia, onde 75% dos pacientes com tumor em reto apresentaram expressão positiva, contra 52,4% entre os tumores de cólon (p=0,02). Em relação à expressão ErbB2, houve diferença significativa no que refere ao estadiamento, onde 1,8% dos pacientes com estádio II apresentavam expressão positiva, contra 12,7% entre os pacientes com estádio III (p=0,03). A expressão de ErbB3 teve diferença significativa em relação à presença de embolização linfática, com expressão positiva em 79,5% dos pacientes com ausência de embolização linfática frente a 46,7% dos com presença de embolização linfática (p=0,001). Em relação à expressão de ErbB4, não houve diferença significativa entre todas as variáveis estudadas, tanto para expressão em membrana quanto em citoplasma. Observamos que presença de embolização vascular linfática, presença de invasão perineural, expressão imunoistoquímica negativa de ErbB3 e positiva de ErbB4 em membrana influenciaram negativamente a sobrevida livre de doença em cinco anos na análise univariada. No modelo multivariado, a expressão negativa de ErbB3 (RR: vii 2,43; IC 95%: 1,26 4,66) e a expressão positiva de ErbB4 em membrana (RR: 3,03; IC 95%: 1,31 6,98) mantiveram-se como fator independente para risco de recaída. Observamos ainda que idade igual ou maior que 65 anos, presença de embolização linfática e expressão negativa de ErbB3 influenciaram negativamente a sobrevida global em 5 anos na análise univariada. No modelo multivariado, a idade igual ou maior que 65 anos (RR 2,83; IC 95%: 1,36 5,90) e a expressão negativa de ErbB3 (RR: 2,52; IC 95%: 1,28 4,97) mantiveram-se como fator independente para risco de óbito. CONCLUSÕES: A expressão positiva de ErbB4 em membrana foi variável de risco independente para recidiva e a expressão negativa de ErbB3 foi variável de risco independente para recidiva e óbito. As expressões imunoistoquímicas de ErbB3 e de ErbB4 em membrana podem selecionar pacientes portadores de câncer colorretal estádios II e III submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico radical que tenham maior risco de recidiva e óbito / INTRODUCTION: In spite of multidisciplinary treatment, survival after 5 years in these subgroups is under 60 and 70%. Probably, some patients have recurrence due to microscopic residual disease resistant to the adjuvant treatment received. However, other patients do not have recurrent disease even without adjuvant treatment as they have already been cured by surgery alone. Thus, there is a need to identify biological tumoral characteristics that may predict poor outcome and guide the development of new adjuvant treatments. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1), ErbB2/HER2, ErbB3/HER3 and ErbB4/HER4 are a group of subtype I tyrosine-kinases sharing structural homologies, especially at the intracellular domain. Protein kinases are enzymes that play a key regulation role in nearly every aspect of cell biology. There have been only a few studies that explored the expression of ErbB family in colorectal cancers. The present study was designed to investigate the expression of ErbB family in high risk colorectal cancer (high risk stage II and stage III) submitted to radical surgery and their role as a prognostic factor to recurrence and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 118 individuals with high risk stage II and stage III colorectal cancer submitted to radical surgery. Clinico-pathological data were reviewed. ErbB family protein expression in ix tumor tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry using Tissue Microarray technique. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 58,8 months. The five-year overall survival was 71,2% and five-year disease free survival was 67,8%. The immunohistochemical expression was considered positive for EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 membrane and ErbB4 cytoplasmic in respectively 59,3%, 7,6%, 71,2%, 10,2% and 20,3% of the patients. EGFR expression was associated with tumor localization, ErbB2 expression with stage III and ErbB3 negative expression with lymphovascular invasion. Membranous positive ErbB4 expression was an independent prognostic factor only for recurrence. ErbB3 negative expression was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and survival in the multivariate analysis. EGFR, ErbB2 and cytoplasmic ErbB4 expression was not associated with prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Membranous positive ErbB4 expression was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and ErbB3 negative expression was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and survival. The immunohistochemical expression of ErbB3 and ErbB4 may be used to identify a subgroup of patients with stage II and III colorectal tumors at higher risk of recurrence and death
44

Efeitos cognitivos da quimioterapia adjuvante em pacientes com câncer de cólon / The effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on the cognitive function of patients with early stage colorectal cancer

Manuela Vasconcelos de Castro Sales 12 January 2018 (has links)
OBJETIVOS: Evidências consistentes sugerem que a quimioterapia (QT) sistêmica para o tratamento do câncer pode apresentar efeitos deletérios na cognição levando a prejuízos de memória, atenção, velocidade de processamento e função executiva. A maioria dos estudos anteriores, entretanto, foi realizada em mulheres com câncer de mama, o que levanta a possibilidade de que o déficit possa ter sido causado por alterações hormonais e/ou menopausa precoce induzidas pela QT. Pouco se sabe sobre a toxicidade da QT na cognição de pacientes portadores de câncer coloretal (CCR). O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos cognitivos da QT adjuvante baseada em fluorouracil (5FU) associado ou não a oxaliplatina (FLOX) em pacientes portadores de CCR estádios II e III , em comparação a indivíduos com câncer de cólon estádio II de baixo risco não submetidos à QT. METODOLOGIA: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, não intervencionista, unicêntrico, onde os pacientes com CCR foram submetidos a uma avaliação neuropsicológica detalhada, além da avaliação de queixas subjetivas de memória e de sintomas depressivos antes do início da quimioterapia (t1) e após 12 meses de seguimento (t2). Avaliamos ainda o papel da apoliproteína E como preditor de risco para disfunção cognitiva e a presença de lesão de substância branca por ressonância magnética (RM) de crânio. RESULTADOS: Num período de 2 anos, de dezembro de 2012 a dezembro de 2014, 85 pacientes foram recrutados e completaram a avaliação inicial (t1): 26 no grupo controle (sem quimioterapia= QT-) e 59 no grupo casos (quimioterapia= QT+). Dentre os 85 pacientes que participaram da avaliação inicial, 16 foram excluídos da análise do desfecho principal. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (60,3%), idosos com idade média de 62,5 anos (DP 9,4) e escolaridade média de 7,6 anos (DP 3,7). Considerando o desfecho primário do escore composto global e também os domínios cognitivos de memória e atenção, não econtramos diferença significativa de desempenho no t1 e t2 entre os grupos. Com relação a função executiva, os pacientes que realizaram QT apresentaram melhor desempenho no t1, entretanto, evoluíram com maior declínio e pior desempenho que os controles no t2 após ajuste para idade, sexo, escolaridade e sintomas depressivos no baseline (beta -1,80; 95%CI -3,50; -0,11, p=0,04). Um subgrupo de 32 pacientes foram submetidos a RM de crânio que não mostrou alterações significativas de substância branca pela técnica de imagem de tensor de difusão (DTI) no seguimento. A presença do alelo ?4 da apolipoproteína E não foi diferente entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes portadores de câncer colorretal que receberam quimioterapia adjuvante com esquema FLOX apresentaram declínio no desempenho cognitivo no domínio função executiva em comparação a pacientes com doença localizada que não receberam QT após 12 meses de seguimento / PURPOSE: Cognitive dysfunction may occur after chemotherapy in cancer survivors, especially in those that received chemotherapy for breast cancer. The frequency and to which extent such toxicity develops in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors is unknown. This prospective study evaluated the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on the cognitive performance of patients with localized CRC in comparison with a control group who did not receive chemotherapy. METHODS: Consecutive patients with localized stages II and III CRC completed neuropsychological assessments, self-reported cognitive complaints questionnaires, and depressive symptoms evaluation before starting fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy (t1) and after 12 months (t2). Control group was assessed at matching intervals. Blood was collected for apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping. Clinical and demographic data were also collected. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data was acquired from a subset of participants at both time-points. RESULTS: From December 2012 to December 2014, 137 patients were approached and 85 patients were recruited: 59 received chemotherapy (CTh+) and 26 did not (CTh-), based on standard recommendation for adjuvant therapy for CRC. The mean age was 62.5 years (SD 9.4), 60% were male, and the mean years of education was 7.6 (SD 3.7). No difference was found on global composite score (p=0.38), attention (p= 0.84) or memory (p= 0.97) between the two groups during the followup (mean 375 days, SD 29). However there was a significant difference on executive function domain, after adjustment for age, sex, education, and depressive symptoms at baseline (beta - 1.80; 95%CI -3.50; -0.11, p=0.04), suggesting worse performance for the CTh+ group. In 32 patients who underwent MRI, there was no significant differences for all DTI indices in any white matter regions between CTh+ and CTh- groups during follow-up. APOE polymorphisms were not predictive of cognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSION: After adjusting for confounding factors, patients with CRC who received adjuvant fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin presented cognitive decline on executive function after 12 months in comparison with patients with localized disease that did not receive chemotherapy
45

Perfil da expressão imunoistoquímica dos receptores da família ErbB e seu prognóstico em pacientes com câncer de cólon e reto com alto risco para recorrência após cirurgia radical / Immunohisthochemical expression of ErbB family receptors and their prognostic role in patients with colorectal cancer with high risk of recurrence after radical surgery

Glauco Baiocchi Neto 01 September 2008 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Deve-se considerar que cerca de 70 a 80% dos pacientes portadores de carcinoma colorretal estádio II podem ser curados apenas com cirurgia. Por outro lado, a despeito do tratamento empregado e dos benefícios alcançados com a evolução dos tratamentos adjuvantes, cerca de 20 a 35% dos pacientes tratados com doença em estádio III vêm a falecer por recidiva tumoral. É provável que existam características biomoleculares intrínsecas que possam conferir maior agressividade e resistência ao tratamento adjuvante. A família de proteínas ErbB formam um grupo de receptores de membrana, cuja função é ativar a via de sinalização intracelular em resposta ao sinal extracelular e é formada por quatro receptores: EGFR/ErbB1, ErbB2/HER2, ErbB3/HER3 e ErbB4/HER4. O complexo de receptores ErbB é uma das vias de transmissão de sinal celular mais amplamente estudada, porém poucos estudos interessados em avaliar a expressão dos quatro receptores da família ErbB e sua correlação prognóstica no câncer de cólon e reto foram realizados até o momento. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a expressão imunoistoquímica de EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3 e ErbB4 e seu papel como fator prognóstico para sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global em carcinoma de cólon e reto estádio II de alto risco e estádio III submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico radical. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: vi Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo que avaliou uma série de 118 indivíduos portadores de adenocarcinoma de colón e reto alto estádio II com fatores de alto risco ou estádio III. Foram analisadas variáveis clínicopatológicas e as expressões de EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3 e ErbB4 foram determinadas através de imunoistoquímica pelo dispositivo técnico Tissue Microarray (TMA). RESULTADOS: O tempo de seguimento mediano foi de 58,8 meses. A sobrevida global da amostra foi de 71,2% em 5 anos. A sobrevida livre de doença foi de 67,8% em 5 anos. As expressões imunoistoquímicas positivas de EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, em membrana de ErbB4 e em citoplasma de ErbB4 foram encontradas em respectivamente 59,3%, 7,6%, 71,2%, 10,2% e 20,3% dos casos. Houve diferença significativa na expressão de EGFR em relação à localização da neoplasia, onde 75% dos pacientes com tumor em reto apresentaram expressão positiva, contra 52,4% entre os tumores de cólon (p=0,02). Em relação à expressão ErbB2, houve diferença significativa no que refere ao estadiamento, onde 1,8% dos pacientes com estádio II apresentavam expressão positiva, contra 12,7% entre os pacientes com estádio III (p=0,03). A expressão de ErbB3 teve diferença significativa em relação à presença de embolização linfática, com expressão positiva em 79,5% dos pacientes com ausência de embolização linfática frente a 46,7% dos com presença de embolização linfática (p=0,001). Em relação à expressão de ErbB4, não houve diferença significativa entre todas as variáveis estudadas, tanto para expressão em membrana quanto em citoplasma. Observamos que presença de embolização vascular linfática, presença de invasão perineural, expressão imunoistoquímica negativa de ErbB3 e positiva de ErbB4 em membrana influenciaram negativamente a sobrevida livre de doença em cinco anos na análise univariada. No modelo multivariado, a expressão negativa de ErbB3 (RR: vii 2,43; IC 95%: 1,26 4,66) e a expressão positiva de ErbB4 em membrana (RR: 3,03; IC 95%: 1,31 6,98) mantiveram-se como fator independente para risco de recaída. Observamos ainda que idade igual ou maior que 65 anos, presença de embolização linfática e expressão negativa de ErbB3 influenciaram negativamente a sobrevida global em 5 anos na análise univariada. No modelo multivariado, a idade igual ou maior que 65 anos (RR 2,83; IC 95%: 1,36 5,90) e a expressão negativa de ErbB3 (RR: 2,52; IC 95%: 1,28 4,97) mantiveram-se como fator independente para risco de óbito. CONCLUSÕES: A expressão positiva de ErbB4 em membrana foi variável de risco independente para recidiva e a expressão negativa de ErbB3 foi variável de risco independente para recidiva e óbito. As expressões imunoistoquímicas de ErbB3 e de ErbB4 em membrana podem selecionar pacientes portadores de câncer colorretal estádios II e III submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico radical que tenham maior risco de recidiva e óbito / INTRODUCTION: In spite of multidisciplinary treatment, survival after 5 years in these subgroups is under 60 and 70%. Probably, some patients have recurrence due to microscopic residual disease resistant to the adjuvant treatment received. However, other patients do not have recurrent disease even without adjuvant treatment as they have already been cured by surgery alone. Thus, there is a need to identify biological tumoral characteristics that may predict poor outcome and guide the development of new adjuvant treatments. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1), ErbB2/HER2, ErbB3/HER3 and ErbB4/HER4 are a group of subtype I tyrosine-kinases sharing structural homologies, especially at the intracellular domain. Protein kinases are enzymes that play a key regulation role in nearly every aspect of cell biology. There have been only a few studies that explored the expression of ErbB family in colorectal cancers. The present study was designed to investigate the expression of ErbB family in high risk colorectal cancer (high risk stage II and stage III) submitted to radical surgery and their role as a prognostic factor to recurrence and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 118 individuals with high risk stage II and stage III colorectal cancer submitted to radical surgery. Clinico-pathological data were reviewed. ErbB family protein expression in ix tumor tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry using Tissue Microarray technique. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 58,8 months. The five-year overall survival was 71,2% and five-year disease free survival was 67,8%. The immunohistochemical expression was considered positive for EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 membrane and ErbB4 cytoplasmic in respectively 59,3%, 7,6%, 71,2%, 10,2% and 20,3% of the patients. EGFR expression was associated with tumor localization, ErbB2 expression with stage III and ErbB3 negative expression with lymphovascular invasion. Membranous positive ErbB4 expression was an independent prognostic factor only for recurrence. ErbB3 negative expression was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and survival in the multivariate analysis. EGFR, ErbB2 and cytoplasmic ErbB4 expression was not associated with prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Membranous positive ErbB4 expression was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and ErbB3 negative expression was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and survival. The immunohistochemical expression of ErbB3 and ErbB4 may be used to identify a subgroup of patients with stage II and III colorectal tumors at higher risk of recurrence and death
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Prognostički značaj gustine tumorskih pupoljaka i citoplazmatskih pseudofragmenata u tumorskom tkivu karcinoma kolona kod bolesnika u stadijumu II / Prognostic significance of density of tumor buds and cytoplasmic pseudofragments in stage II colonic carcinoma

Šolajić Nenad 15 September 2016 (has links)
<p>UVOD: Karcinom kolona (KK) je velik javnozdravstveni problem usled visoke incidence i stope mortaliteta. Kod KK je stadijum bolesti najvažniji pojedinačni nezavisni faktor prognoze. U prisustvu nepovoljnih prognostičkih parametara, u koje spadaju visok histolo&scaron;ki gradus, ileus, limfo-vaskularna i perineuralna invazija, nakon potencijalno kurativne operacije se kod pacijenata u stadijumu II indikuje primena adjuvantne hemioterapije koja ima pozitivan uticaj na ukupno preživljavanje i na produženje perioda bez bolesti. Međutim, relapsi bolesti nastaju kod nekih bolesnika bez negativnih prognostičkih faktora, &scaron;to ukazuje na moguće postojanje drugih tkivnih faktora lo&scaron;e prognoze. U novije vreme se sve veća pažnja posvećuje fenomenu tumorskog pupljenja koje predstavlja pojavu tumorskih pupoljaka (TP), odnosno oligocelularnih grupa tumorskih ćelija koje se na invazivnom frontu tumora odvajaju od glavne tumorske mase. Ove tumorske ćelije poprimaju fenotip mezenhimnih ćelija i stiču sposobnost ameboidnog kretanja kroz ekstracelularni matriks, uz pomoć citoplazmatskih podija koje se na dvodimenzionalnim histolo&scaron;kim rezovima vizualizuju kao citoplazmatski pseudofragmenti (CPF). Značaj gustine TP i CPF je jo&scaron; uvek nedovoljno ispitan, ali postoje indicije da se radi o moćnom prediktoru biolo&scaron;kog pona&scaron;anja tumora. CILJ: Cilj je bio da se ispita zavisnost dužine perioda bez relapsa, veličine primarnog tumora, gustine peritumorske limfocitne infiltracije i konfiguracije tumorske margine od gustine TP i CPF kod bolesnika sa KK u stadijumu II. METODOLOGIJA: Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 114 bolesnika operisanih od KK u stadijumu II na Institutu za onkologiju Vojvodine, bez nepovoljnih prognostičkih faktora i bez indikacija za primenu adjuvantne hemioterapije. Mikroskopskom analizom rutinskih histolo&scaron;kih i imunohistohemijskih preparata utvrđivana je gustina TP i CPF, koja je zatim korelirana sa vremenom pojave relapsa, veličinom primarnog tumora, gustinom peritumorske limfocitne infiltracije i konfiguracijom tumorske margine. REZULTATI: Velika gustina TP i/ili CPF nađena je kod 45 tumora (39,5%). U ovoj grupi se relaps dogodio kod 26 bolesnika (57,8%). U grupi bolesnika sa malom gustinom TP/CPF relaps je registrovan u 4 slučaja (5,8%). Poređenje krivih preživljavanja pokazalo je da je verovatnoća relapsa značajno veća ako se u tumoru nalazi velika gustina TP/CPF (p&lt;0,0001). Tumori sa velikom gustinom TP/CPF su imali najveći prečnik koji je varirao u rasponu od 25 do 100 mm, dok su tumori sa malom gustinom TP/CPF bili najvećeg prečnika od 20 do 110 mm (p=0,6744). Intenzitet peritumorskog limfoidnog odgovora je bio velik kod 13 tumora sa velikom gustinom TP/CPF (28,9%) i kod 17 tumora sa malom gustinom TP/CPF (24,6%), p=0,7747. Konfiguracija tumorske margine je bila infiltrativna u svim tumorima sa velikom gustinom TP/CPF, kao i kod 42 tumora sa malom gustinom TP/CPF (60,9%). ZAKLJUČAK: Velika gustina TP/CPF je nezavisan tkivni indikator lo&scaron;e prognoze kod bolesnika sa KK u stadijumu II, koji je ne korelira ni sa veličinom primarnog tumora ni sa intenzitetom peritumorskog limfoidnog odgovora. Velika gustina TP/CPF nije kompatibilna sa ekspanzivnom konfiguracijom tumorske margine, ali infiltrativna konfiguracija tumorske margine nije prediktor velike gustine TP/CPF.</p> / <p>INTRODUCTION: Colonic carcinoma (CC) is a serious public health problem due to its high incidence and mortality rate. Stage is the single most important independent prognosticator in patients with CC. In the presence of indicators of poor prognosis, including high histologic grade, ileus, lympho-vascular invasion and perineural invasion, there is a need for adjuvant chemotherapy after a potentially curative operation in patients with stage II CC, because the therapy improves both overall survival and disease-free survival. However, some patients with no documented poor prognostic factors suffer recurrences, which indicates that there may be some other tissue features that confer poor prognosis. In the recent publications there is an increasing interest in the phenomenon of tumor budding, a term assigned to the presence of small groups of discohesive tumor cells at the invasive front of the tumor &ndash; tumor buds (TB&#39;s). These cells acquire mesenchymal phenotype and gain the ability to migrate through the extracellular matrix by means of cytoplasmic extrusions which are visible on the two-dimensional immunohistologic sections and are called cytoplasmic pseudofragments (CPF&#39;s). Significance of density of TB&#39;s and CPF&#39;s is still to be evaluated, but the pool of evidence suggests that this is a powerful predictor of biologic behaviour of CC. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of density of TB&#39;s and CPF&#39;s on the risk of recurrence in patients with stage II CC. This research also attempted to establish whether there is a correlation between the density of TB&#39;s and CPF&#39;s and several other morphologic features such as tumor diameter, peritumoral lymphocytic response and the configuration of the tumor margin. METHODS: 114 patients with stage II CC were enrolled in the study. All the patients received surgery at the Institute of Oncology in Sremska Kamenica and no patient had indication for adjuvant chemotherapy. Microscopic analysis of routine histologic and immunohistochemical slides was performed to establish the density of TB&#39;s and CPF&#39;s, to estimate the intensity of the peritumoral lymphocytic response and to determine the configuration of the tumor margin. RESULTS: High density of TB&#39;s and/or CPF&#39;s was found in 45 tumors (39.5%). In this group recurrence occured in 26 patients (57.8%). In the group of patients with low density of TB/CPF in the tumor tissue 4 patients relapsed (5.8%). Comparison of survival curves showed that the probability of recurrence was significantly greater if the density of TB/CPF&#39;s was high (p&lt;0.0001). Tumors with high density of TB/CPF&#39;s ranged from 25 to 100 mm in greatest diameter, while those with low density measured from 20 to 110 mm (p=0.6744). Intensity of peritumoral lymphocytic response was high in 13 tumors with high density of TB/CPF&#39;s (28.9%) and in 17 tumors with low density of TB/CPF&#39;s (24.6%), p=0.7747. All tumors with high density of TB/CPF&#39;s and 42 tumors with low density of TB/CPF&#39;s (60.9%) had infiltrative configuration of tumor margin. CONCLUSION: High density of TB/CPF&#39;s is an independent indicator of poor prognosis in patients with stage II CC and it correlates neither with tumor diameter nor with intensity of peritumoral lymphocytic response. High density of TB/CPF&#39;s is not compatible with the expansive configuration of tumor margin, but the infiltrative configuration of tumor margin is not a predictor of high density of TB/CPF&#39;s.</p>
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Клинички значај идентификације туморских матичних ћелија у ткиву аденокарцинома колона / Klinički značaj identifikacije tumorskih matičnih ćelija u tkivu adenokarcinoma kolona / Clinical impact of colon cancer stem cells identificaton in adenocarcinoma tumour tissue

Kresoja Ignjatović Milana 22 December 2020 (has links)
<p>Karcinom debelog creva predstavlja treći uzrok smrnosti od maligniteta kod mu&scaron;karaca i drugi kod žena. Postoji osnovana sumnja da kancerske matične ćelije (KMĆ) imaju veliki značaj u karcinogenezi, invazivnosti, &scaron;irenju i rezistenciji na hemioterapiju primarnog tumora. Njihova identifikacija u primatnom kolorektalnom karcinomu (KRK) putem markera kancerskih matičnih ćelija bi selektovala visokorizičnu grupu bolesnika, omogućila ciljano delovanje na ove ćelije i veću &scaron;ansu za izlečenje. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrđivanje uticaja prisustva kancerskih matičnih ćelija u primarnom tumoru obolelih od karcinoma kolona na pojavu relapsa bolesti, dužino preživljavanja bez bolesti i sveukupno preživljavanje.&nbsp; Istraživanje je sprovedeno kao prospektivno&minus;retrospektivna randomizovana analitička studija na Klinici za operativnu onkologiju i Službi za patolo&scaron;ko &ndash; anatomsku i laboratorijsku dijagnostiku Instituta za onkologiju Vojvodine u Sremskoj Kamenici u periodu od 2016-2019. godine. U studiju su uključeno 112 bolesnica operisanih na Institutu za onkologiju Vojvodine u periodu od 2007-2012. godine sa patohistolo&scaron;ki potvrđenom dijagnozom primarnog, nemetastatskog (stadijumi I, II i III) KRK. Bolesnici su randomizovani u odnosu na pojavu recidiva bolesti i prisustvo metastaza u regionalnim limfnim čvorovima u odnosu 1:1. Uzorci tumorskog tkiva dobijeni hirur&scaron;kom resekcijom su nakon standardne patohistolo&scaron;ke obrade tretirani primenom monoklonskih antitela na CD44, CD166 i &alpha;-Lgr5. Određivani su prisustvo, intezitet i lokalizacija kancerskih matičnih ćelija (KMĆ) u primarnom tumoru i njihov uticaj na pojavu relapsa bolesti, dužinu preživljavanja bez bolesti i sveukupno preživljavanje u grupi svih bolesnika a potom bolesnika podeljenih prema stadijumu bolesti. Bolesnici u prvom i drugom stadijumu bolesti koji su imali relaps su imali statistički značajno veće prisustvo CD44+ KMĆ u primarnom tumoru. Kod ovih bolesnika je prisutan kraći period preživljavanja bez bolesti kao i kraće sveukupno preživljavanje. Takođe, uočen je statistički značajan uticaj koekspresije CD44/CD166 u KMĆ na pojavu relapsa bolesti, dužinu preživljavanja bez bolesti i sveukupno preživljavanje kod bolesnika u prvom i drugom stadijumu bolesti. Nije uočena statistička značajnost prisustva KMĆ u primarnom tumoru na pojavu relapsa bolesti, dužinu preživljavanja bez bolesti i sveukupno preživljavanje kod bolesnika u trećem stadijumu bolesti. Prisustvo CD166 i &alpha;-Lgr5 obojenih KMĆ nije pokazalo statističku značajnost u pogledu pojave relapsa bolesti, dužine preživljavanja bez bolesti i sveukupnog preživljavanja, kako u grupi svih bolesnika tako i prilikom podele bolesnika na stadijume bolesti.</p> / <p>Colon cancer is the third most common case of death of malignancy in the world. There is justified theory that cancer stemm cells have significant impact on colon cancer tumorogenesis, invasiviness, spread and resistancy on chemotherapy. Identification of colon cancer stem cells in primary tumor by various biological markers would lead to identification of high risk group of patients, target therapy of colon cancer an higher chance to cure. Aim of this study was to determine wether presence of colon cancer stem cells in primary tumour have impact on recurrence, disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with colorectal cancer. An randomized, analytical prospective-retrospective study was performed on Clinic for Operative Oncology and Department for Anatomical Pathology of Oncology Institute of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica in period of 2016&minus;2019. Study included 112 patient with patohistological proven, non metastatic colon adenocarcinoma who were operated on Oncology Institute of Vojvodina in period of 2007-2012. Patients were randomized by recurrence and presence of metastatic lymph nodes by 1:1 ratio. After standard patohistological preparation, tumour specimens were stained for monoclonal CD44, CD166 and &alpha;-Lgr5 antibody. Presence, intensity of expression and localization of colon cancer stem cells were observed and their impact on relapse, disease free survival and overall survival in group of all patients as well as in groups divided by stages of the disease. We demonstrate that patients in Stage I and II of the disease who experience disease recurrence have statistically significant higher expression of CD44+ in primary tumor specimen. They also have shorter DFS and OS. Coexpression of CD44/CD166 antibody also have strong negative impact on recurrence, disease free survival and overall survival in Stage I and II patients. There is no correlation between presence of colon cancer stem cells and recurrence nor presence of colon cancer stem cells had impact on disease free survival and overall survival. Presence of CD166 and &alpha;-Lgr5 expression did not show significant impact on recurrence nor disease free survival and overall survival as in group of all patients as well in group of patients divided by stages of the disease. High expression of CD44+ and coexpression of CD44/CD166+ colon cancer stem cell markers in primary tumor specimen correlates with higher chance for disease recurrence and also leads to shorter DFS and OS.</p>
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The microtubule depolymerizing agent CYT997 causes extensive ablation of tumor vasculature in vivo

Burns, C.J., Fantino, E., Powell, A.K., Shnyder, Steven, Cooper, Patricia A., Nelson, S., Christophi, C., Malcontenti-Wilson, C., Dubljevic, V., Harte, M.F., Joffe, M., Phillips, I.D., Segal, D., Wilks, A.F., Smith, G.D. January 2011 (has links)
The orally active microtubule-disrupting agent (S)-1-ethyl-3-(2-methoxy-4-(5-methyl-4-((1-(pyridin-3-yl)butyl)amino)pyrimidin-2- yl)phenyl)urea (CYT997), reported previously by us (Bioorg Med Chem Lett 19:4639-4642, 2009; Mol Cancer Ther 8:3036-3045, 2009), is potently cytotoxic to a variety of cancer cell lines in vitro and shows antitumor activity in vivo. In addition to its cytotoxic activity, CYT997 possesses antivascular effects on tumor vasculature. To further characterize the vascular disrupting activity of CYT997 in terms of dose and temporal effects, we studied the activity of the compound on endothelial cells in vitro and on tumor blood flow in vivo by using a variety of techniques. In vitro, CYT997 is shown to potently inhibit the proliferation of vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (IC(50) 3.7 +/- 1.8 nM) and cause significant morphological changes at 100 nM, including membrane blebbing. Using the method of corrosion casting visualized with scanning electron microscopy, a single dose of CYT997 (7.5 mg/kg i.p.) in a metastatic cancer model was shown to cause destruction of tumor microvasculature in metastatic lesions. Furthermore, repeat dosing of CYT997 at 10 mg/kg and above (intraperitoneally, b.i.d.) was shown to effectively inhibit development of liver metastases. The time and dose dependence of the antivascular effects were studied in a DLD-1 colon adenocarcinoma xenograft model using the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342. CYT997 demonstrated rapid and dose-dependent vascular shutdown, which persists for more than 24 h after a single oral dose. Together, the data demonstrate that CYT997 possesses potent antivascular activity and support continuing development of this promising compound.
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Colon cancer-specific cytochrome P450 2W1 converts duocarmycin analogues into potent tumor cytotoxins

Travica, S., Pors, Klaus, Loadman, Paul, Shnyder, Steven, Johansson, I., Alandas, Mohammed N., Sheldrake, Helen M., Mkrtchian, S., Patterson, Laurence H., Ingelman-Sundberg, M. January 2013 (has links)
PURPOSE: Cytochrome P450 2W1 (CYP2W1) is a monooxygenase detected in 30% of colon cancers, whereas its expression in nontransformed adult tissues is absent, rendering it a tumor-specific drug target for development of novel colon cancer chemotherapy. Previously, we have identified duocarmycin synthetic derivatives as CYP2W1 substrates. In this study, we investigated whether two of these compounds, ICT2705 and ICT2706, could be activated by CYP2W1 into potent antitumor agents. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The cytotoxic activity of ICT2705 and ICT2706 in vitro was tested in colon cancer cell lines expressing CYP2W1, and in vivo studies with ICT2706 were conducted on severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing CYP2W1-positive colon cancer xenografts. RESULTS: Cells expressing CYP2W1 suffer rapid loss of viability following treatment with ICT2705 and ICT2706, whereas the CYP2W1-positive human colon cancer xenografts display arrested growth in the mice treated with ICT2706. The specific cytotoxic metabolite generated by CYP2W1 metabolism of ICT2706 was identified in vitro. The cytotoxic events were accompanied by an accumulation of phosphorylated H2A.X histone, indicating DNA damage as a mechanism for cancer cell toxicity. This cytotoxic effect is most likely propagated by a bystander killing mechanism shown in colon cancer cells. Pharmacokinetic analysis of ICT2706 in mice identified higher concentration of the compound in tumor than in plasma, indicating preferential accumulation of drug in the target tissue. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a novel approach for treatment of colon cancer that uses a locoregional activation of systemically inactive prodrug by the tumor-specific activator enzyme CYP2W1.

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