Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Dr.P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2007. / Publication Number: AAT 3290041 Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: B, page: 6618. Adviser: Marsha L. Frazier. Includes bibliographical references.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Univ. , 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are stratified by the Tumour, Node and Metastasis (TNM) staging system for clinical decision making. Additional genomic markers have a limited utility in some cases where precise targeted therapy may be available. Thus, classical clinical pathological staging remains the mainstay of the assessment of this disease. Surgical resection is generally considered curative for Stage II patients, however 20-30% of these patients experience disease recurrence and disease specific death. It is imperative to identify these high risk patients in order to assess if further treatment or detailed follow up could be beneficial to their overall survival. The aim of the thesis was to categorise Stage II CRC patients into high and low risk of disease specific death through novel image based analysis algorithms. Firstly, an image analysis algorithm was developed to quantify and assess the prognostic value of three histopathological features through immuno-fluorescence: lymphatic vessel density (LVD), lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) and tumour budding (TB). Image analysis provides the ability to standardise their quantification and negates observer variability. All three histopathological features were found to be predictors of CRC specific death within the training set (n=50); TB (HR =5.7; 95% CI, 2.38-13.8), LVD (HR =5.1; 95% CI, 2.04-12.99) and LVI (HR =9.9; 95% CI, 3.57- 27.98). Only TB (HR=2.49; 95% CI, 1.03-5.99) and LVI (HR =2.46; 95%CI, 1 - 6.05), however, were significant predictors of disease specific death in the validation set (n=134). Image analysis was further employed to characterise TB and quantify intra-tumoural heterogeneity. Tumour subpopulations within CRC tissue sections were segmented for the quantification of differential biomarker expression associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition and aggressive disease. Secondly, a novel histopathological feature ‘Sum Area Large Tumour Bud’ (ALTB) was identified through immunofluorescence coupled to a novel tissue phenomics approach. The tissue phenomics approach created a complex phenotypic fingerprint consisting of multiple parameters extracted from the unbiased segmentation of all objects within a digitised image. Data mining was employed to identify the significant parameters within the phenotypic fingerprint. ALTB was found to be a more significant predictor of disease specific death than LVI or TB in both the training set (HR = 20.2; 95% CI, 4.6 – 87.9) and the validation set (HR = 4; 95% CI, 1.5 – 11.1). Finally, ALTB was combined with two parameters, ‘differentiation’ and ‘pT stage’, which were exported from the original patient pathology report to form an integrative pathology score. The integrative pathology score was highly significant at predicting disease specific death within the validation set (HR = 7.5; 95% CI, 3 – 18.5). In conclusion, image analysis allows the standardised quantification of set histopathological features and the heterogeneous expression of biomarkers. A novel image based histopathological feature combined with classical pathology allows the highly significant stratification of Stage II CRC patients into high and low risk of disease specific death.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most prevalent and lethal cancers in the United States. The mechanisms by which tumor cells sense their microenvironment have profound importance in driving the progression of malignancy and evasion from treatment. Specialized microenvironment-sensing cell surface receptors such as cell adhesion molecules allow tumor cells to survey and respond to their microenvironment. We have recently identified a novel cell adhesion molecule named immunoglobulin-containing and proline-rich receptor 1 (IGPR-1) that is normally expressed in both endothelial and epithelial human cell types; however, its potential role in human malignancy remains unknown. To investigate the role IGPR-1 plays in CRC tumor growth, we overexpressed IGPR-1 in human HT29 and HCT116 colon adenocarcinoma cells and examined the effect of IGPR-1 on tumor growth and the mechanisms involved in a cell culture system. The data demonstrate that overexpression of IGPR-1 enhances CRC cell proliferation and survival in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the extracellular domain of IGPR-1 is required for its ability to support tumor growth. While deletion of the extracellular domain of IGPR-1 impaired its ability to promote tumor cell survival, stimulation of the chimeric IGPR-1 consisting of the extracellular domain of human colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of IGPR-1 promoted tumor cell survival. Additionally, the presence of serine 186 and 220 in the cytoplasmic domain is important for IGPR-1 activity in tumor cells. This work identifies IGPR-1 as an important protein in the regulation of CRC cell growth and survival, and this makes it a possible therapeutic target in the clinical management of CRC.

Orientador: Luis Fernando Barbisan / Resumo: A capsaicina (8-Metil-N-vanilil-(trans)-6-nonamida) é um composto alcaloide lipofílico e o principal componente responsável pela pungência em pimentas vermelhas, consumidas mundialmente. Estudos sobre o potencial mutagênico e genotóxico da capsaicina apontam resultados inconsistentes e conflitantes. Neste estudo, avaliamos o potencial genotóxico e os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos nos efeitos anti-proliferativos e pró-apoptóticos da capsaicina na carcinogênese de cólon induzida pela 1,2-dimetilhidrazina (DMH) em ratos. Ratos Wistar machos foram randomicamente alocados em seis grupos (n=16). Durante as quatro primeiras semanas do experimento, os grupos 1 e 6 receberam doses intragástricas de óleo de milho (veículo da capsaicina), enquanto a capsaicina foi administrada nas doses de 5mg/kg aos grupos 2 e 4 e 50 mg/kg aos grupos 3 e 5, três vezes por semana. Durante a terceira e quarta semana, todos os animais receberam quatro injeções subcutâneas de DMH (grupos 1-3, 40mg/kg) ou EDTA (grupos 4-6, veículo do DMH), duas vezes por semana. Os animais foram sacrificados 24 horas (n=6) e 22 semanas (n=10) após o tratamento com DMH. Vinte e quatro horas após o tratamento com a DMH, a administração de capsaicina diminuiu significativamente a genotoxicidade induzida pela DMH em leucócitos do sangue periférico, bem como a genotoxicidade da água fecal em células CaCO-2. A capsaicina também reduziu o índice de proliferação de Ki-67 e aumentou a expressão de caspase-3 ativada no cólon dos ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O câncer colorretal representa uma das maiores causas de morbidade e mortalidade relacionadas ao câncer. No Brasil, é o terceiro tipo de câncer mais frequente em homens e mulheres. Muitos estudos estão sendo desenvolvidos no sentido de esclarecer os diversos aspectos moleculares que regulam as alterações fenotípicas exibidas pelas células que constituem o câncer colorretal, no entanto, comparativamente, ainda são poucos os que são dedicados a investigar o papel de modificações co- e pós-traducionais neste processo. Entre os vários tipos destas modificações que ocorrem em proteínas, a glicosilação é a mais comum. Cogita-se que aproximadamente cinquenta por cento de todas as proteínas são glicosiladas. Durante a transformação maligna, mudanças no perfil de expressão de glicanos (carboidratos covalentemente ligados a proteínas ou lipídios) estão envolvidas em uma variedade de mecanismos celulares, tais como: perda da adesão célula-célula e célula matriz, migração, invasão e evasão da apoptose. Neste estudo, foi investigada a atividade antitumoral de inibidores da biossíntese de N-glicanos, swainsonina e tunicamicina, em células derivadas de câncer colorretal (Caco-2, HCT-116 e HT-29). Os resultados obtidos mostram que o tratamento das células HCT-116 com tunicamicina inibe mecanismos celulares relacionados ao fenótipo maligno, como formação de colônia dependente e independente de ancoragem, migração e invasão. Estes resultados sugerem que modulação da biossíntese de N-glicanos parece ser uma potencial ferramenta terapêutica para o tratamento do câncer colorretal. Em outra etapa do trabalho, foram avaliados também o impacto da estimulação com insulina e IGF-1 na expressão N-glicanos bissectados em células tumorais MDA-MB-435. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram também a existência de uma relação entre a estimulação dos receptores de insulina e IGF-1 e a regulação da expressão de N-glicanos bissectados em células tumorais MDA-MB-435, fornecendo assim informações relevantes sobre o papel desempenhado pela sinalização de insulina e IGF-1 durante a progressão de carcinomas. / Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. In Brazil, it is the third most common cancer. Many studies have been developed to clarify several molecular features which regulate phenotypic changes exhibited by cells that constitute colorectal cancer, however, comparatively, there are few studies dedicated to investigate co- and post-translational modifications of proteins in this process. Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification of proteins. Approximately fifty percent of all proteins are glycosylated. During malignant transformation, changes in the expression profile of glycans (carbohydrates covalently bound to proteins or lipids) may be involved in a variety of events, including the loss of cellcell and cellmatrix adhesion, migration, invasion, and evasion of apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the in vitro anticancer activity of the N-glycan biosynthesis inhibitors, swainsonine and tunicamycin, in cells derived from colorectal cancer (Caco-2, HCT-116 e HT-29). Our results show that treatment with tunicamycin inhibits cellular mechanisms related to the malignant phenotype, such as anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent colony formation, migration and invasion, in HCT-116 colon cancer cells. Given these results, we suggest that the modulation of N-glycan biosynthesis appears to be a potential therapeutic tool for CRC treatment. Moreover, we confirmthe existence of an interplay between stimulation with insulin and IGF-1 and bisecting GlcNAc N-glycans expression in MDA-MB435 cancer cells, providing new insights into the role that Insulin/IGF-I signaling play during carcinoma progression.

Les Bmps sont des morphogènes jouant des rôles dans l’embryogenèse et l’organogenèse du tube digestif. Les BR-Smads, Smad1, Smad5 et Smad8, sont les effecteurs intracellulaires de cette cascade de signalisation et ils assurent la biodiversité des réponses biologiques associées aux Bmps. Plusieurs études ont démontrées des rôles importants pour le TGF-β dans le cancer colorectal et l’inflammation intestinale. Cependant, très peu d’études se sont attardées aux rôles pouvant être joués par d’autres membres de la superfamille du TGF-β dans ces pathologies. Dans cette étude, le modèle de souris possédant la délétion de Smad5 strictement à l’épithélium a permis de démontrer le rôle spécifique de cet effecteur dans les diverses actions associées à la signalisation des Bmps dans ce compartiment cellulaire. La perte conditionnelle de Smad5 cause un allongement villositaire, une hyper migration et une relocalisation cytoplasmique de la E-cadhérine dans les cellules épithéliales. Cette étude permet de démontrer l’importance de la signalisation des Bmps dans les maladies inflammatoires intestinales, puisque les défauts occasionnés par la perte de Smad5 au niveau de l’épithélium entrainent une plus grande susceptibilité à l’inflammation intestinale et des défauts importants dans la réparation la barrière épithéliale. Des mutations causant l’inhibition de la signalisation des Bmps sont fréquemment retrouvées chez des patients atteints du syndrome de JPS possédant un risque élevé de développer le cancer colorectal. Des études ont démontré l’implication des Bmps dans le maintien de l’homéostasie et l’initiation de la polypose intestinale, sans toutefois discriminer le mécanisme et le type cellulaire responsable de l’induction de ce phénotype. Les études antérieures du laboratoire ont permis de démontrer que la perte des Bmps strictement épithéliale était insuffisante pour initier la polypose colique, suggérant une implication de cette signalisation au niveau des cellules extra-épithéliales. Le modèle murin ayant la délétion du récepteur Bmpr1a dans le mésenchyme seulement a permis de mettre en évidence un rôle essentiel de cette signalisation dans le contrôle du microenvironnement entourant les cellules épithéliales et l’induction de la polypose colique. Le modèle cellulaire a révélé un profil transcriptionnel s’apparentant à celui retrouvé dans le microenvironnement des tumeurs de cancer colorectal. Cette étude démontre que la signalisation des Bmps mésenchymateuse est primordiale pour contrôler l’homéostasie intestinale et l’initiation de la polypose.