Energy efficiency and renewable energy become more attractive in smart grid. In order to efficiently reduce global energy usage in building energy systems and to improve local environmental sustainability, it is essential to optimize the operation and the performance of combined heat and power (CHP) systems. In addition, intermittent renewable energy and imprecisely predicted customer loads have introduced great challenges in energy-efficient buildings' optimal operation. In the deterministic optimal operation, we study the modeling of components in energy-efficient building systems, including the power grid interface, CHP and boiler units, energy storage devices, and building appliances. The mixed energy resources are applied to collaboratively supply both electric and thermal loads. The results show that CHP can effectively improve overall energy efficiency by coordinating electric and thermal power supplies. Through the coordinated operation of all power sources, the daily operation cost of building energy system for generating energy can be significantly reduced. In order to address the risk from energy consumption forecast errors and renewable energy production volatility, we utilize the approach of stochastic programming and robust optimizations to operate energy-efficient building systems under uncertainty. The multi-stage stochastic programming model is introduced so that the reliable operation of building energy systems would be probabilistically guaranteed with stochastic decisions. The simulation results show that the stochastic operation of building energy systems is a promising strategy to account for the impact of the uncertainty on power dispatch decisions of energy-efficient building systems. In order to provide absolute guarantee for the reliable operation of building energy systems, a robust energy supply to electric and thermal loads is studied by exploring the effectiveness of energy storage on energy supply against the uncertainty. The robustness can be adjusted to control the conservativeness of the proposed robust operation model. For the purpose of achieving adaptability in the robust optimal operation and attaining robustness in the stochastic optimal operation of building energy systems, we also develop an innovative robust stochastic optimization (RSO) model. The proposed RSO model not only overcomes the conservativeness in the robust operation model, but also circumvents the curse of dimensionality in the stochastic operation model.

The main objective of this study is to develop a methodology which can be used to assess the economic potential for combined heat and power (CHP) systems to be employed in an effort to offset a portion or all of the conventionally supplied power and thermal energy at industrial manufacturing facilities. A methodology is developed which determines the economic considerations of proposed industrial CHP projects once the system configuration is specified. This methodology is then applied to a number of different industrial facilities in a parametric analysis in order to demonstrate how it can be used to assess the potential for success for CHP at industrial sites for a wide range of manufacturing processes. Many of the methodology inputs, such as facility operational hours, facility thermal load, etc. are then varied in order to determine how they affect the economic considerations of the corresponding project. Conclusions are subsequently made as to how each of these parameters can be indicative of project success before employing the methodology. This study focuses on industrial sites in the Southeast U.S., which historically have relatively low utility usage rates. The Southeast U.S. also lacks adequate policy applicable to CHP systems, such as net metering and interconnection standards rules, when compared to the rest of the country. It is for this reason that the methodology developed in this research assumes that a base load CHP system is the most economically viable CHP option and the current status of policy applicable to CHP at industrial facilities located in the Southeast U.S. is also investigated. The results of the parametric analysis are modified to determine if improved economics can be attained if the associated facilities engage in net metering programs. As a result, suggested net metering rates that can positively affect the economic considerations of industrial CHP projects in the Southeast U.S. are realized. Finally, a simple tool based on the methodology presented in this research was developed and can be used to calculate the project economics of an industrial facility CHP system.

The amount of available biomass feedstock and associated cost components were analyzed to determine the potential increase in energy capacity of two existing combined heat and power plants in Mississippi. The amount of corn stover and forest logging residue within a 10-mile radius can satisfy the existing requirements of CHP plants in Scott (1 MW) and Washington counties (5 MW). Transporting feedstock within a smaller source area had lower transportation costs, but higher total unit cost than the two other source buffer scenarios. However, capital costs associated with higher plant capacities were significantly higher and plant expansion may not be economically advantageous. Increasing the CHP capacity from 1 MW to 2 MW in Scott county and 5 MW to 10 MW in Washington county might be a sustainable approach by drawing feedstock from a smaller area and at lower utilization rates, while keeping transportation costs low.

We report two cases of combined cutaneous tumors composed of melanoma and carcinoma. The first tumor presented as a 5-mm pink-blue macule over the right zygomatic arch in an 85-year-old man. Shave biopsy and immunohistochemical studies revealed that the tumor was composed of melanoma (highlighted by SOX10 and MART-1, with high Ki-67 proliferative index) intermixed with nodular basal cell carcinoma (highlighted by pan-cytokeratin and Ber-EP4). The neoplastic melanocytes were confined to the basal cell carcinoma nodules, and a diagnosis of combined melanoma in situ and basal cell carcinoma was rendered. After therapeutic excision, the patient was disease-free at 9 months after the initial diagnosis. The second tumor presented as a 6-mm pink-brown crusted papule on the right forehead in an 89-year-old man. Shave biopsy and immunohistochemical studies revealed that the tumor was composed of malignant melanoma (MM) (highlighted by S100 and MART-1) intermixed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (highlighted by cytokeratin and p63), and a diagnosis of combined MM-SCC was rendered. These two cases highlight the importance of recognizing these rare types of melanocytic-epithelial cutaneous neoplasms to arrive at an accurate diagnosis that may inform appropriate disease stage and therapy.

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(薬科学) / 甲第22751号 / 薬科博第125号 / 新制||薬科||14(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院薬学研究科医薬創成情報科学専攻 / (主査)教授 掛谷 秀昭, 教授 大野 浩章, 教授 高須 清誠 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

Nowadays, asphalt mixtures can be complex and have many ingredients to meet economic, performance, and/or environmental requirements. Economic and environmental factors have been driving performance in the positive direction for rutting, but the negative direction for brittleness, cracking, and overall durability. Recent research has also shown that two of the national standards to assess aging or effects of environmental factors (AASHTO T283 and R30) do not always simulate the amount of aging or behaviors mentioned in the documents. Also, these methods generally view one environmental effect at a time, and do not consider simultaneous environmental effects on aging (e.g. oxidation, moisture, freeze-thaw effects). However, pavements are exposed to combined environmental effects. As such, there is a lack of understanding of the combined environmental effects on asphalt pavement, and improve methods are needed for laboratory settings, resulting in less than optimal design and materials selection protocols. This dissertation focuses on investigating combined environmental effects of oxidation, moisture, and freeze-thaw. The dissertation includes four years of field aging of plant mixed asphalt mixtures containing no recycled materials and three different warm mix technologies that were also exposed to eight laboratory conditioning protocols including individual and combined environmental effects of oxidation, moisture and freeze-thaw to investigate mixture properties measured at high, intermediate, and low temperatures with several mixture tests that were complimented with tests on recovered binder. Major findings are summarized below: • Cantabro mass loss captured individual and combined effects damage in laboratory and field conditions better than other mixture testing utilized herein and was recommended for mixture assessment. • Laboratory conditioning protocols with combined effects were the only ones able to consistently represent four or more years of field aging in the Mississippi climate. • Field aging of laboratory compacted specimens in PVC sleeves did not fully represent field aging of field placed pavement. Temperature and moisture conditions varied between the two cases. • Use of Cantabro mass loss and laboratory conditioning consisting of hot air, hot water, and freeze-thaw conditions was shown to provide combined effects improvements relative to at least some typical practices. Guidance was provided on how to use these tools to assess combined effects.

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