TECHNIQUE PROBLEMS IN WOMEN COMBINED EVENTS Objectives: The aim of this work is to describe and find out the mistakes of technique in each technical event of heptathlon. The next goal of this analysis was estimating technical levels of competitress's technical performance with attempt about correction of technical performance. Targets: Gathering of required documentation - letters and records of athletic training and previous seasons' competitions. (training diaries, videorecordings and analysis completed with own memories and experiences.) Further is a formation and comparison of photo sequences made from loaded videorecordings. Methods: In our thesis we used a method of analysis and a method of comparison. We apllied the method of analysis in each event and the method of comparison in comparing of the photo sequences in one event or searching of common signs and mistakes of technical performance. Results: We found out the mistakes in competitress's technical performance of heptathlon's events. We confirmed that the discipline with smallest efficiency contain biggest (basic) mistakes in technical performance, and this discipline was trained in youth infrequently. We found out similar mistakes of technique, that are detect in all disciplines. We found out low differentiation in competitress's...

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plants have been considered as one of the best options for energy production in an environmental friendly manner. IGCC power plants are demonstrating better results, both in terms of plant performance and economics, when compared to a Pulverised Coal (PC) power plant with CO2 capture. The additional components required for an IGCC power plant when it is desired to operate in CO2 capture mode, give research potential with respect to an improved IGCC power plant performance. The IGCC power plant design framework studied and developed was based in DOE/NETL report and is presented. The conventional and CO2 capture IGCC power plants have been benchmarked in rigorous process flow diagrams developed using the commercial software Honeywell UniSim Design R400. As an essential part of the Innovative Gas Separations for Carbon Capture project (IGSCC EPSRC – EP/G062129/1) predictive simulation tools were produced to investigate the IGCC performance. The case studies considered include different gasification options for non-capture and carbon capture IGCCs, with a two stage Selexol process for the CO2 capture cases. Particular effort has been made to produce an accurate simulation component to describe the behaviour of the syngas in the Selexol solvent. The two stage Selexol configuration was investigated in detail and novel schemes are presented. No similar approaches have been reported in the literature, in terms of the proposed configuration and the capture efficiency. Moreover, innovative CO2 capture schemes incorporating combined units of physical absorption and membranes have been examined with respect to the power plant’s performance. In this thesis, contrary to other studies, all simulations cases have been conducted in unified flow diagrams. The results presented include overall investigations and can be a helpful tool for engineers and stakeholders in the decision making process.

Actuellement, on constate dans le domaine de la navigation, un besoin croissant de localisation par satellites. Apres une course a l'amelioration de la precision (maintenant proche de quelques centimetres grace a des techniques de lever d'ambiguite sur des mesures de phase), la releve du nouveau defi de l'amelioration de l'integrite du GNSS (GPS, Galileo) est a present engagee. L'integrite represente le degre de confiance que l'on peut placer dans l'exactitude des informations fournies par le systeme, ainsi que la capacite a avertir l'utilisateur d'un dysfonctionnement du GNSS dans un delai raisonnable. Le concept d'integrite du GNSS multi-constellation necessite une coordination au niveau de l'architecture des futurs recepteurs combines (GPS-Galileo). Le fonctionnement d'un tel recepteur dans le cas de passage du systeme multi-constellation en mode degrade est un probleme tres important pour l'integrite de navigation. Cette these se focalise sur les problemes lies a la navigation aeronautique multiconstellation et multi-systeme GNSS. En particulier, les conditions de fourniture de solution de navigation integre sont evaluees durant la phase d'approche APV I (avec guidage vertical). En disposant du GPS existant, du systeme Galileo et d'un systeme complementaire geostationnaire (SBAS), dont les satellites emettent sur des frequences aeronautiques en bande ARNS, la question fondamentale est comment tirer tous les benefices d'un tel systeme multi-constellation pour un recepteur embarque a bord d'un avion civil. En particulier, la question du maintien du niveau de performance durant cette phase de vol APV, en termes de precision, continuite, integrite et disponibilite, lorsque l'une des composantes du systeme est degradee ou perdu, doit etre resolue. L'objectif de ce travail de these est donc d'etudier la capacite d'un recepteur combine avionique d'effectuer la tache de reconfiguration de l'algorithme de traitement apres l'apparition de pannes ou d'interferences dans une partie du systeme GNSS multiconstellation et d'emettre un signal d'alarme dans le cas ou les performances de la partie du systeme non contaminee ne sont pas suffisantes pour continuer l'operation en cours en respectant les exigences de l'aviation civile. Egalement, l'objectif de ce travail est d'etudier les methodes associees a l'execution de cette reconfiguration pour garantir l'utilisation de la partie du systeme GNSS multi-constellation non contaminee dans les meilleures conditions. Cette etude a donc un interet pour les constructeurs des futurs recepteurs avioniques multiconstellation. / The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has defined the concept of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which corresponds to the set of systems allowing to perform satellite-based navigation while fulfilling ICAO requirements. The US Global Positioning Sysem (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system which constitutes one of the components of the GNSS. Currently, this system broadcasts a civil signal, called L1 C/A, within an Aeronautical Radio Navigation Services (ARNS) band. The GPS is being modernized and will broadcast two new civil signals: L2C (not in an ARNS band) and L5 in another ARNS band. Galileo is the European counterpart of GPS. It will broadcast three signals in an ARNS band: Galileo E1 OS (Open Service) will be transmitted in the GPS L1 frequency band and Galileo E5a and E5b will be broadcasted in the same 960-1215 MHz ARNS band than that of GPS L5. GPS L5 and Galileo E1, E5a, E5b components are expected to provide operational benefits for civil aviation use. However, civil aviation requirements are very stringent and up to now, the bare systems alone cannot be used as a means of navigation. For instance, the GPS standalone does not implement sufficient integrity monitoring. Therefore, in order to ensure the levels of performance required by civil aviation in terms of accuracy, integrity, continuity of service and availability, ICAO standards define different systems/algorithms to augment the basic constellations. GPS, Galileo and the augmentation systems could be combined to comply with the ICAO requirements and complete the lack of GPS or Galileo standalone performance. In order to take benefits of new GNSS signals, and to provide the service level required by the ICAO, the architecture of future combined GNSS receivers must be standardized. The European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment (EUROCAE) Working Group 62, which is in charge of Galileo standardization for civil aviation in Europe, proposes new combined receivers architectures, in coordination with the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA). The main objective of this thesis is to contribute to the efforts made by the WG 62 by providing inputs necessary to build future receivers architecture to take benefits of GPS, Galileo and augmentation systems. In this report, we propose some key elements of the combined receivers' architecture to comply with approach phases of flight requirements. In case of perturbation preventing one of the needed GNSS components to meet a phase of flight required performance, it is necessary to be able to switch to another available component in order to try to maintain if possible the level of performance in terms of continuity, integrity, availability and accuracy. That is why future combined receivers must be capable of detecting the impact of perturbations that may lead to the loss of one GNSS component, in order to be able to initiate a switch. These perturbations are mainly atmospheric disturbances, interferences and multipath. In this thesis we focus on the particular cases of interferences and ionosphere perturbations. The interferences are among the most feared events in civil aviation use of GNSS. Detection, estimation and removal of the effect of interference on GNSS signals remain open issues and may affect pseudorange measurements accuracy, as well as integrity, continuity and availability of these measurements. In literature, many different interference detection algorithms have been proposed, at the receiver antenna level, at the front-end level. Detection within tracking loops is not widely studied to our knowledge. That is why, in this thesis, we address the problem of interference detection at the correlators outputs. The particular case of CW interferences detection on the GPS L1 C/A and Galileo E1 OS signals processing is proposed. Nominal dual frequency measurements provide a good estimation of ionospheric delay. In addition, the combination of GPS or GALILEO navigation signals processing at the receiver level is expected to provide important improvements for civil aviation. It could, potentially with augmentations, provide better accuracy and availability of ionospheric correction measurements. Indeed, GPS users will be able to combine GPS L1 and L5 frequencies, and future GALILEO E1 and E5 signals will bring their contribution. However, if affected by a Radio Frequency Interference, a receiver can lose one or more frequencies leading to the use of only one frequency to estimate the ionospheric code delay. Therefore, it is felt by the authors as an important task to investigate techniques aimed at sustaining multi-frequency performance when a multi constellation receiver installed in an aircraft is suddenly affected by radiofrequency interference, during critical phases of flight. This problem is identified for instance in [NATS, 2003]. Consequently, in this thesis, we investigate techniques to maintain dual frequency performances when a frequency is lost (L1 C/A or E1 OS for instance) after an interference occurrence.

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Timothy Keane / Kansas City’s outdated sewer system is presently incapable of capturing and treating the increased runoff volumes in Turkey Creek Basin during rainstorm events. As a result, 2.66 billion gallons of untreated sewer system overflow is released annually into the Kansas River and nearby properties. In 2002, the Environmental Protection Agency issued a civil action requiring the City of Kansas City, Missouri, to take appropriate and necessary actions needed to prevent or minimize the discharge of untreated sewage. In response, the City of Kansas City adopted a comprehensive Overflow Control Plan intended to reduce sewer system overflow volumes in Turkey Creek Basin by 85% at a cost of approximately $244 million. Initially, the City of Kansas City seriously considered implementing stormwater best management practices (BMPs) in place of sewer system improvements. Stormwater BMPs infiltrate, filter, store, and evaporate stormwater runoff close to its source, preventing stormwater runoff from reaching the sewer system. Subsequently, many BMPs were eliminated from the Overflow Control Plan and replaced with conventional sewer system technologies because of performance concerns. However, the Overflow Control Plan acknowledged that BMPs located on private property would indirectly benefit Kansas City’s stormwater management strategy. Using geographic information system (GIS) analysis, suitability maps were generated for twelve different BMPs to determine suitable locations in Turkey Creek Basin for reducing stormwater runoff. Analysis concluded that the most effective strategy for sustainable stormwater management would be to locate BMPs at higher elevations within the watershed to prevent upland runoff from flooding sewer system pipes at lower elevations. Areas having the highest suitability are located primarily on residential land, implying that Kansas City could benefit most from encouraging its residents to equip their properties with site-appropriate BMPs. This can be achieved through educational initiatives, policy adoption, and homeowner incentives. Therefore, policies and incentives targeting Kansas City’s residents should be implemented to reduce sewer overflow volumes and prevent future costly improvements to Kansas City’s sewer system.

This thesis comprises of an initial summary of Study I which is my licentiate thesis in business administration. Study I is a literature study on internal control. Thereafter follows Study II which is a case study of Swedish insurance organization. The case study adopts a contingency perspective and attempts to find environmental and firm-level factors that influence the design, use and outcome of internal control. Study II is a longitudinal study that accounts for key internal-control developments that occurred between 2000-2010. This case study finds that there are two environmental influences that significantly affected internal-control design, use and outcome. They consist of environmental uncertainty and regulatory and supervisory forces. Their influences differ in nature but jointly they act to set boundaries and frame in-ternal-control design, use and outcome. There are two firm-level influences of governance structure and managerial attitudes that act jointly with strategy to affect the design, use and outcome of internal control. While environmental influences set boundaries and frame internal-control work, firm-level contingencies can effectively enable or disable internal-control effectiveness. These firm-level influences provide means and opportunities to internal-control work. My longitudinal research suggests that evolutionary steps have been taken regarding internal-control design and use. In sum these steps correspond to a shift in internal-control orientation and a transformation of practices where Folksam has been moving from a looser towards a tighter form of internal control, with greater transparency in operational risk management. Finally, based on the internal-control principles of the COSO framework I see that particular principles have been enhanced within the Folksam system of internal control. The components of these principles are the control environment, risk assessment and monitoring.

Les changements climatiques globaux sont responsables de l'augmentation de la fréquence des épisodes de sécheresse et de fortes concentrations d'ozone troposphérique, qui peuvent se produire simultanément pour réduire la croissance des plantes en limitant la production agricole et affectant la fourniture de nourriture pour une population mondiale croissante. Ces contraintes environnementales peuvent conduire à la surproduction d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène en favorisant le stress oxydatif et provoquant un déséquilibre métabolique. Les membranes cellulaires sont les premières cibles des dommages induits par le stress et la préservation de l'intégrité cellulaire par le remodelage des lipides membranaires est essentielle pour la survie des plantes dans des conditions défavorables. L'objectif de cette étude était d'étudier les effets de la sécheresse, de l'ozone et des contraintes combinées chez deux cultivars de haricot niébé dotés de différents degrés de tolérance à la sécheresse: EPACE-1 et IT83-D par des réponses physiologiques et par une étude portée sur la teneur et la composition des lipides de membrane, ainsi que dans l'expression de gènes liés à la biosynthèse et la dégradation des ces lipides. La sécheresse et l'ozone (120 ppb), seuls ou en combinaison, ont été appliqués aux plantes après trois semaines de germination pendant deux semaines. Après 7 et 14 jours de traitements, des paramètres physiologiques ont été déterminés. Les lipides extraits de feuilles ont été analysés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse/spectrométrie de masse. L'accumulation de transcrits (VuMGD1, VuMGD2, VuDGD1, VuDGD2, VuCLS, VuFAD7, VuFAD8, VuPLD1 et VuPAT1) a été détecté chez les feuilles par PCR en temps réel. Chez les deux cultivars, la sécheresse a limité la croissance et la photosynthèse par la fermeture des stomates, ce qui a semblé impliquer l'expression génétique de la phospholipase D (VuPLD1). L'ozone a causé des dommages foliaires et de la dégradation des galactolipides, principalement chez IT83-D. Chez ce cultivar, les dommages ont impliqué dans l'augmentation du ratio DGDG:MGDG et de l'expression de VuDGD2. De plus, une diminution partielle de la teneur en phospholipides en réponse à l'ozone a été associée à une augmentation de l'expression de VuPLD1, ce qui suggère un remplacement des phospholipides par DGDG. Contrairement, le cultivar EPACE-1 en présence d'ozone, en même temps que la dégradation des galactolipides, a montré une augmentation de la teneur en lipides de réserve et en DPG (cardiolipine). La combinaison des contraintes a conduit à des résultats similaires à ceux de la sécheresse appliquée séparément, chez les deux cultivars, ce qui reflète probablement la forte restriction de l'absorption de l'ozone en raison de la fermeture des stomates induite par la sécheresse. En conclusion, les présents résultats mettent en évidence le rôle important des lipides membranaires dans les ajustements métaboliques qui se produisent pour régler la tolérance des plantes à la sécheresse et à l'ozone / Global climate changes are responsible for the increased frequency of episodes of drought and high concentrations of tropospheric ozone, which can occur simultaneously to reduce plant growth, limiting agricultural production and affecting the food supply for an increasing world population. These environmental stresses can lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, promoting oxidative stress and causing metabolic imbalance. Cell membranes are the primary targets of damage induced by stresses and the preservation of cell integrity through remodeling of membrane lipids is essential for plant survival under adverse conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drought, ozone and the combined stresses in two cowpea cultivars with different degrees of drought tolerance: EPACE-1 and IT83-D through physiological responses and a study focused on the content and composition of membrane lipids, as well as on the expression of genes related to the biosynthesis and degradation of these lipids. Drought and ozone (120 ppb), isolated or in combination, were applied on three-week-old seedlings during two weeks. After 7 and 14 days of treatments, physiological parameters were determined. Lipids extracted from leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Transcript accumulation (VuMGD1, VuMGD2, VuDGD1, VuDGD2, VuCLS, VuFAD7, VuFAD8, VuPLD1 and VuPAT1) was detected in leaves by real time PCR. In both cultivars, drought inhibited the plant growth and photosynthesis through stomatal closure, which appeared to involve the gene expression of phospholipase D (VuPLD1). Ozone caused foliar injury and degradation of galactolipids, mainly in IT83-D. In this cultivar, the damage resulted in an increase in DGDG:MGDG ratio and in VuDGD2 expression. Furthermore, a partial decrease in the phospholipids content in response to ozone was associated with an increase in VuPLD1 expression, suggesting a replacement of phospholipids by DGDG. Differently, EPACE-1 cultivar in the presence of ozone, concomitantly with the degradation of galactolipids, showed an increase in storage lipids and DPG (cardiolipin) contents. The two stresses in combination led to results similar to those observed in response to the drought treatment alone, in both cultivars, which likely reflected the severe restriction of ozone uptake resulting from drought-induced stomatal closure. In conclusion, the present results highlight the prominent role of membrane lipids in the metabolic adjustments that occur for the plant tolerance to drought and ozone

A leishmaniose é uma protozoonose que apresenta diferentes manifestações clínicas, associadas a fatores relacionados ao parasita, a resposta imune do hospedeiro e epidemiologia da doença. Esses fatores podem influenciar no desfecho da doença e na efetividade da terapia antileishmania que até hoje se baseia no uso de fármacos de alto custo, alta toxicidade e que podem causar diversos efeitos colaterais. A pentamidina é um fármaco de segunda escolha no tratamento da leishmaniose utilizada em casos específicos de Leishmaniose Tegumentar nas regiões da América do Sul. Por causa dessas limitações, novos fármacos ou novos regimes terapêuticos vêm se mostrando cada vez mais necessários no tratamento contra as leishmanioses devido ao surgimento de falhas terapêutica e resistência aos fármacos existentes. Linhagens de L. amazonensis resistentes a PMD superexpressoras ou não do gene PRP1 tiveram o fenótipo de resistência revertido após a associação de pentamidina com verapamil. Deste modo, propomos verificar o efeito da associação de pentamidina com verapamil, anfotericina B e miltefosina contra parasitos de L. (L.) amazonensis suscetíveis (La M2269) e resistentes à pentamidina (La PRP1 e La PEN 0,5). O efeito das interações entre a pentamidina e os demais fármacos foi avaliado pelo método modificado de isobolograma e a natureza da interação foi classificada através da análise dos valores de Concentração Inibitória Fracionada (CIF). As associações de pentamidina com o verapamil, anfotericina B e miltefosina contra promastigotas de La M2269 foram classificadas como indiferente a partir da análise dos valores de CIF. Interações indiferentes também foram observadas contra promastigotas de La PRP1 e La PEN 0,5 quando tratadas com as mesmas associações. Macrófagos foram infectados com parasitos de La M2269 e tratados com diferentes concentrações de PMD. Nossos resultados sugerem que altas concentrações de PMD (17,5uM) foram tóxicas contra macrófagos e apresentaram baixa atividade quando utilizada contra amastigotas de La M2269 em até 72 horas de incubação. Observamos que ao prorrogar a incubação para 120 horas, concentrações inferiores a 1uM de PMD reduziram a taxa de infecção para aproximadamente 30%. Já ao analisarmos o efeito das combinações de pentamidina com o verapamil observamos baixa atividades desses fármacos quando combinado, indicando possivelmente uma interação indiferente/ antagônica. A associação de pentamidina com anfotericina B contra amastigotas de La M2269 foi avaliada pelo método de isobolograma e a natureza da interação foi classificada como indiferente por apresentar um valor de CIF = 0,65. / Leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease that presents different clinical manifestations, associated to factors related to the parasite, the host immune response and the epidemiology of the disease. These factors may influence the outcome of the disease and the effectiveness of antileishmania therapy, which is still based on the use of high-cost, high toxicity drugs that can cause several side effects. Pentamidine is a second-choice drug in the treatment of leishmaniasis used in specific cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the South American regions. Because of these limitations, new drugs or new therapeutic regimens are proving increasingly necessary in the treatment of leishmaniasis due to the emergence of therapeutic failures and resistance to existing drugs. L. (L.) amazonensis strains resistant to PMD overexpressors or not of the PRP1 gene had the resistance phenotype reverted after the association of pentamidine with verapamil. Thus, we propose to verify the effect of the association of pentamidine with verapamil, amphotericin B and miltefosine against parasites of L. (L.) amazonensis susceptible (La M2269) and resistant to pentamidine (La PRP1 and La PEN 0,5). The effect of the interactions between pentamidine and other drugs was evaluated by the modified isobologram method and the nature of the interaction was classified through the analysis of the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) values. The associations of pentamidine with verapamil, amphotericin B and miltefosine against La M2269 promastigotes were classified as indifferent from the analysis of FIC values. Indifferent interactions were also observed against La PRP1 and La PEN 0.5 promastigotes when treated with the same associations. Macrophages were infected with parasites of La M2269 and treated with different concentrations of PMD. Our results suggest that high concentrations of PMD (17.5uM) were toxic against macrophages and showed low activity when used against La M2269 amastigotes within 72 hours of incubation. We observed that by extending the incubation to 120 hours, concentrations below 1uM PMD reduced the infection rate to approximately 30%. When analyzing the effect of the combinations of the pentamidine and the verapamil we observed low activities of these drugs when combined, possibly indicating an indifferent / antagonistic interaction. The association of pentamidine with amphotericin B against amastigotes of La M2269 was evaluated by the isobologram method and the nature of the interaction was classified as indifferent because it presented a FIC = 0.65.

Os finos de resíduos cimentícios (previamente hidratados) podem ser reciclados através de tratamento térmico, tornando-se um ligante alternativo. Quando tratados termicamente em temperaturas inferiores a 550ºC, o processo não gera emissões de CO2 relativas à descarbonatação do calcário. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo reativar o cimento Portland de alto forno (CP III) previamente hidratado, desidratando-o em temperatura de 500°C com patamar de 2h e reidratando-o com teores de água e de dispersante variados. Inicialmente foram realizadas caracterizações a fim de comparar as características físico-químicas do cimento desidratado com o cimento anidro. Posteriormente, foram analisadas as transformações de fases observadas com a hidratação, desidratação e reidratação do cimento. A segunda parte do estudo foi de otimização das pastas reidratadas e hidratadas, onde foram definidas condições ideais de dispersão, com a saturação ideal de dispersantes e teores mínimos de água resultado em pastas com volume de poros menores e consequentemente resistências mais elevadas. Os resultados obtidos comprovaram que o cimento desidratado se reidrata e forma fases similares às fases formadas na hidratação, como C-S-H, portlandita, hidrotalcita, etc. O cimento de alto forno carbonata mais do que o cimento Portland (CP V). Devido à área superficial elevada (14 vezes superior ao do cimento anidro), o cimento desidratado libera calor de molhagem elevado, consequencia da recombinação da água com as fases desidratadas. Observou-se ainda que, é possível controlar a resistência à compressão da pasta reidratada, otimizando o volume de poros presentes nas pastas. As resistências das pastas reidratadas com dispersante aos 28 dias foram 2,37 vezes maiores quando comparados com sistemas aglomerados. Com relação a porosidade, há indícios que é possível obter níveis de porosidade para as pastas reidratadas semelhantes com a pasta hidratada. / The fines of cementitious wastes (previously hydrated) can be recycled through heat treatment, becoming an alternative binder. When heat treated at temperatures below 550°C, the process does not generate CO2 emissions relative to limestone decarbonation. The objective of this research was to reactivate the previously hydrated Portland cement (CP III), dehydrating it at a temperature of 500°C with a 2-hours plateau and rehydrating it with varying water and dispersant contents. Characterization was initially performed to compare the physicochemical characteristics of dehydrated cement (DC) with anhydrous cement (AC). Subsequently, the AC-HP phase transformations for DC-RP were analyzed. The second part of the study was the optimization of rehydrated (RP) and hydrated (HP) pastes, where ideal dispersion conditions were defined, with optimum dispersant and water minimum contents, resulting in pastes with smaller pore volumes and consequently more compressive strength high. The results confirm that the DC rehydrates and forms phases similar to the phases formed in the hydration, such as C-S-H, portlandite, hydrotalcite, etc. The blast furnace cement carbonate more than Portland cement (no additions). Due to the high surface area (14 times higher than that of the AC), the DC releases high wetting heat, due to the recombination of the water with the dehydrated phases. It was also observed that it is possible to control the compressive strength of the rehydrated paste by optimizing the pore volume present in the pastes. The strengths of dispersed pastes with additives at 28 days were 2.37 times higher when compared to agglomerated systems. With respect to porosity, there are indications that it is possible to obtain porosity levels for the similar rehydrated pastes with the hydrated paste.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi observar se as ações de jogo de voleibol (i.e., saque, recepção, levantamento, ataque, bloqueio, defesa), as ações consecutivas e os complexos de jogo (KI e KII) alteram-se com aumentos de força e potência muscular. Vinte e oito jogadoras amadoras de duas equipes diferentes dividiram-se em grupo controle (GC) e experimental (GE), sendo GE submetido a oito semanas de treinamento de força e pliometria (TC) para membros inferiores e superiores. Foram realizados testes de força dinâmica máxima (agacha-mento e supino), T de agilidade modificado, arremesso de medicinebol, salto vertical com contramovimento, força reativa e potência (agachamento com salto e supino com arremesso da barra),e essas variáveis foram denominadas motoras. As ações de jogo foram denominadas de variáveis técnico-tática-estratégicas e foram analisadas quanto à frequência absoluta, relativa e efetividade. Observaram-se melhoras de GE para 1RM no agachamento e supino, tempo do teste T modificado, potência pico de membros superiores e distância no arremesso de medicinebol, com aumento significante desta última também para GC (p<0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos após o TC (p>0,05) em nenhuma das variáveis motoras. Para as varáveis técnico-tática-estratégicas, os efeitos do TC para GE, em relação a GC, parecem influenciar o tipo de levantamento de um modo geral e após uma ação, o tipo de ataque após uma ação, o tempo de ataque, a quantidade de bloqueadores e o tipo de defesa com deslocamentos, assim como, ao considerar a combinação de ações consecutivas, pareceram influenciar o tipo de levantamento nas diferentes zonas de levantamentos após a recepção e a defesa, as inversões do levantamento para maiores distâncias após a recepção e a defesa, bem como a quantidade de bloqueadores para os ataques de bolas mais altas e para as bolas intermediárias, a defesa para os ataques sem bloqueios e com bloqueios simples e as defesas para os ataques mais rápidos. Em relação aos complexos de jogo, ainda, os efeitos do TC pareceram influenciar o tipo e o tempo de ataque quando as recepções são realizadas com deslocamento no complexo I, enquanto no complexo II, pareceram influenciar os tempos de ataque quando a equipe que contra-ataca tem a posse do saque, bem como o tipo e o tempo dos contra-ataques que tiveram início com defesa com deslocamento. Por fim, a efetividade das ações de jogo pareceu ser pouco influenciada pelas alterações induzidas pelo TC, com pequenos aumentos para o levantamento e bloqueio. A inclusão do TC ao treinamento específico exerce pouca influência sobre o desempenho técnico-tático-estratégico de jogadoras de voleibol amadoras. Entretanto, este foi o primeiro estudo a investigar tal relação, de modo que, pesquisas adicionais e a busca por meios de avaliação capazes de identificar de modo objetivo e preciso as alterações físicas num contexto específico do jogo são necessários / The aims of this study were test if performance in volleyballs skills (i.e. service, re-ception, set, spike, block and dig), as well as their combinations and game phases (side out and side out transition), are influenced by muscle power improvements achieved with a com-bined training (CT). Twenty-eight amateurs volleyball players from two different teams par-ticipated on this study. Players were assigned to either a control (CG;n=14) or training (TG;n=14) group. TG performed eight weeks of CT, twice a week, using plyometric and tra-ditional strength exercises for both the lower and upper limbs. Both groups maintained their technical-tactical training routines. Motor (1RM squat and bench press, time on agility T modified test, medicineball throw distance, countermovement jump height (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), and peak power in jump squat and bench throw exercises) and sport-specific performance(game analysis) were accessed before and after experimental protocol. Squat and bench press 1RM, agility T test-time, bench throw-peak power and medicineball throw distance improved for the TG (p<0,05). However, there were no differences between groups in any of the motor variables tested (p>0,05). It seems that TG had improved and changed the type of set, type and time of attacks, number of blockers and getting behind the ball to dig. Actions game combinations seemed have improved also, especially type of set from different set zones after reception and dig, sets to the farthest distances, attacks in oppo-sition to two players blocks and number of blockers to high balls, as well as digs to attacks without block, with a single player block and after ball touches block and digs for quick at-tacks also. Besides, it seems that TG had improved their type and time of attacks in KI when they were initiated with receptions after displacements, and time of attacks in KII when teams were serving, as well as when they were initiated with dig after displacements. Finally, total game actions effectiveness was little or no influenced by increasing strength and power per-formances. Since this was the first research that had investigated if increasing strength and power output also improve sport specific performances, additional researches are necessary, as well as an instrument which measures precisely and objectively the alterations in games actions in a game specific context must be search

Características sensoriais diferenciadas e qualidade química podem garantir a competitividade de uma bebida destilada. O uísque é uma bebida alcoólica produzida a partir da destilação do mosto fermentado de cereais e que passa por um período de maturação em barris de carvalho. A cachaça, por sua vez, é produzida a partir da destilação do caldo de cana-de-açúcar fermentado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a qualidade química e sensorial da bebida destilada oriunda das matérias-primas cana-de-açúcar e cevada e produzida mediante técnicas já existentes em processos produtivos de cachaça e uísque. O mosto combinado teve como fonte de açúcares o mosto de caldo de cana e o mosto de malte de cevada, que foram preparados separadamente e depois misturados nas seguintes proporções em porcentagem: 100 (A), 75 (B), 50 (C), 25 (D) e 0 (E) de caldo de cana, complementado com o mosto de malte de cevada. O processo fermentativo foi conduzido a 30ºC, mediante adição de leveduras Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cepas CA-11 e S-33, inoculando-se 1,5 g/L de cada levedura. As destilações foram realizadas em alambique de cobre, seguindo a metodologia de dupla-destilação utilizada para a produção de Scotch malt whisky. As bebidas duplamente destiladas foram acondicionadas em barris de carvalho por 60 dias. Os mostos foram submetidos às análises de pH, Brix, Pol, Açúcares Redutores (AR), Açúcares Redutores Totais (ART) e Acidez Total; e os vinhos foram analisados quanto a Teor Alcoólico, pH, Açúcares Redutores Residuais (ARR) e Acidez Total. Os flegmas, bidestilados e as bebidas envelhecidas foram submetidos a análises de teor alcoólico (densitometria), cobre (colorimetria), congêneres voláteis (CG-FID) e carbamato de etila (CG-EM). As bebidas envelhecidas também foram submetidas a análises de intensidade de cor e compostos fenólicos totais (espectrofotometria) e congêneres de maturação (CLAE). Testes sensoriais foram realizados para verificar a preferência entre as amostras pelos consumidores. Análises estatísticas foram realizadas pelo programa SAS (ANOVA e Testes de Tukey). Foi comprovada a eficiência da técnica de bidestilação na redução de alguns compostos limitados pela legislação. Mostos combinados com maior porcentagem de malte de cevada apresentaram menor formação de carbamato de etila. O envelhecimento aumentou a concentração de carbamato de etila nos destilados A, B e C sendo ao final o único contaminante presente acima dos limites permitidos pela legislação de aguardente de cana. Siringaldeído e ácido gálico foram os congêneres de maturação com as maiores concentrações nos destilados. O destilado do tratamento A apresentou a maior concentração total de compostos de envelhecimento. Na análise sensorial o destilado do tratamento C apresentou a maior preferência pelos provadores. Este estudo comprova que a produção de uma nova bebida a partir da combinação de matérias-primas diferentes pode apresentar resultados satisfatórios. Entretanto, ressalta-se a importância da continuidade desse estudo para afinar a definição da combinação de mostos mais adequada, para assim confirmar a viabilidade e eficiência do processo. / Differentiated sensory characteristics and chemical quality can ensure the competitiveness of a distilled beverage. Whisky is an alcoholic beverage produced from the distillation of fermented worts of cereals and aged in oak barrels. Cachaça, in turn, is produced from the distillation of fermented sugarcane juice. The objective of this study was to analyze the chemical and sensory quality of distilled spirit derived sugarcane and barley and produced by existing techniques in production processes of cachaça and whisky. The combined wort had as a source of sugars the sugarcane juice and barley malt wort, that were prepared separately and then mixed in the following proportions by percentage: 100 (A) 75 (B), 50 (C), 25 (D) and 0 (E) of sugarcane juice, supplemented with barley malt wort. The fermentation was conducted at 30° C by addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, CA-11 and S-33 strains, inoculating 1,5 g/L of each yeast. The distillations were performed in copper still, according to double-distillation method used for production of Scotch malt whisky. Double-distilled spirits were stored in oak barrels for 60 days. Worts were submitted to analysis of pH, Brix, Pol, Reducing Sugars (AR), Total Reducing Sugars (ART) and Total Acidity; and the wines were analyzed for Alcohol, pH, Residual Reducing Sugars (ARR) and Total Acidity. Low wines, double-distilled spirits and aged spirits were analyzed for alcohol content (densitometry), copper (colorimetry), volatile congeners (GC-FID) and ethyl carbamate (GC-MS). Aged spirits were also analyzed for color intensity and total phenolic compounds (spectrophotometry) and aged congeners (HPLC). Sensory tests were conducted to verify preference between samples by consumers. Statistical analyzes were performed using SAS (ANOVA and Tukey tests). The efficiency of double-distillation technique in reduce some compounds limited by legislation was confirmed. Worts combined with a higher percentage of barley malt showed lower formation of ethyl carbamate. Aging increased the concentration of ethyl carbamate in spirits A, B and C being at the end the only contaminant found above the limits allowed by the cachaça legislation. Syringaldehyde and gallic acid were the aged congeners with the highest concentrations in the spirits. Spirit A had the highest total concentration of aged congeners. Sensory analysis showed that spirit C was the most preferred by tasters. This study demonstrates that the production of a new beverage from the combination of different raw materials can provide satisfactory results. However, it emphasizes the importance of continuing this study to refine the definition of the most appropriate combination of worts, thus to confirm the feasibility and process efficiency.