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Varje år föds drygt 15 miljoner barn prematurt. Ett prematurt fött barn är i behov av specialiserad vård med fokus på hens välmående. Detta kan medföra att föräldrars involvering i omvårdnaden av sitt barn åsidosätts och möjligheten till anknytning försämras. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva föräldrars upplevelser av att komma hem med sitt prematurt födda barn. En allmän litteraturstudie genomfördes med systematiska sökningar i databaser och med stöd av innehållsanalys. Resultatet presenterades i tre huvudteman: Upplevelser av att få komma hem, Upplevelser av att ta hand om sitt barn i hemmet och Upplevelser av stöd. Resultatet påvisade att känslor som positivitet och lättnad var övervägande men föräldrar upplevde även osäkerhet och oro. Hemma präglades vardagen av nya rutiner och olika hinder. Föräldrar fick stöd från sjuksköterskan, stödgrupper och anhöriga. Stödet från sjuksköterskan ansågs viktigt för att föräldrar skulle uppleva hemkomsten som positiv. Denna litteraturstudie kan ge sjuksköterskan en ökad förståelse för föräldrars upplevelser av att komma hem med sitt prematurt födda barn och leda till bättre stöd från sjuksköterskan i de områden där osäkerheten hos föräldrar är störst. / Every year roughly 15 million children are born prematurely. A premature born child is in need of specialized care focusing on his or her well-being. This may cause parents' involvement in the care of their child to be overridden and the possibility of connection becomes impaired. The aim of this literature study was to describe parents' experiences of coming home with their premature born child. A general literature study was conducted with systematic searches in databases and supported by content analysis. The result was presented in three main themes: Experiences of coming home, Experiences of caring for one's child at home and Experiences of support. The result showed that feelings like positivity and relief were predominant, but parents also experienced insecurity and concern. At home everyday life was characterized by new routines and various obstacles. Parents' received support from the nurse, support groups and relatives. The support from the nurse was considered important for parents to experience homecoming as positive. This literature study can give the nurse an increased understanding of parents' experiences of coming home with their premature born child and lead to better support from the nurse in those areas where the insecurity among parents' is the greatest.

The literary utopia is often accused of being an outmoded genre, a graveyard for failed social movements. However, utopian literature is a surprisingly resilient genre, evolving from the static, descriptive anatomies of the Renaissance utopias to the novelized utopian romances of the late nineteenth century and the self-reflexive critical utopias of the 1970s. The literary utopia adapts to the needs of the moment: what form(s) best represent the fears and desires of our current historical period? In this dissertation I perform a close reading of three exemplary texts: John Brunner’s Stand on Zanzibar (1968), Ursula K. Le Guin’s Always Coming Home (1985), and David Mitchell’s Cloud Atlas (2004). While I address topics specific to each text, my main focus is on the texts’ depictions of utopia and their spatialized narrative forms. In Stand on Zanzibar Brunner locates the utopian impulse in three registers—the political/bureaucratic, the technical/scientific, and the human(e)—and explores how their interplay constitutes the utopian space. In Always Coming Home Le Guin renovates the classical literary utopia, problematizing its uncritical advocacy of the “Judaeo-Christian-Rationalist-West” but preserving much of the older utopia’s form. In Cloud Atlas the networked narrative structure reflects and enables the heterogeneous, non-hierarchical, and processual utopian communities depicted in the novel. In these science fictional works the spatialized techniques of juxtaposition, discontinuity, and collage —commonly associated with a loss of historical depth and difference—are used to create utopian spaces founded on contingency and human choice. I contend that science fiction is a historical genre, one that is invested in representing societies as contingent historical totalities. Science fiction’s generic tendencies modify the context that a spatialized narrative form functions in, and in changing the context changes its effects. By utilizing a spatialized narrative form to embody a contingent practice, Brunner, Le Guin, and Mitchell cast the future—and the present—as historical, as something that can be acted upon and changed: they have provided us with strategies for envisioning better futures and, potentially, for mobilizing our visions of the future for positive change in the present.

The thesis deals with the Utopian and dystopian aspects of Ursula K. Le Guin's The Dispossessed and Always Coming Home. To provide a basis for comparison with the endeavours of previous utopists, the first part is devoted to a historical account of literary Utopias, and to an examination of the signposts of the genre. This history is restricted to practical blueprints for the ideal commonwealth and excludes creations of pure fantasy. In tracing Utopian development from Plato to Wells, the influence of historical events and the mainstreams of thought, such as Renaissance humanism, the Reformation, the rising importance of science, the discovery of new lands, the Enlightenment, Locke's Theory of Perfectability, Bentham's utilitarianism, the Industrial Revolution, socialism, the French Revolution, Darwinism, and the conflict between capital and labour is demonstrated. It is also shown how the long-range results of the Russian Revolution and the two world wars shattered all Utopian visions, leading to the emergence of the dystopia, and how the author reversed this negative trend in the second part of the twentieth century. In a study of forms of Utopian presentation, the claim is made that The Dispossessed features the first Utopia that qualifies as a novel: not only does the author break with the genre's tradition of subordinating the characters to the proposal, she also creates the conflict necessary for novelistic structure by juxtaposing her positive societies with negative ones. In part two, the Utopias and dystopias of both books are examined, and their features compared to previous endeavours in the genre. The observation is made that although the author favours anarchism as a political theory, she is more deeply committed to the Chinese philosophy of Taoism, seeing in its ideals the only way to a harmonious and just existence for all. In order to prove her point, Le Guin renders her Utopias less than perfect, placing one society into an inhospitable environment and showing the other as suffering from genetic damage; this suggests that the ideal life does not rest in societal organization or beneficent surroundings, but in the minds of the inhabitants: this frame of mind—if not inherent in a culture—can be achieved by living in accordance with the tao. Lastly, an effort is made to determine the anthropological models upon which Utopian proposals are constructed. The theory is put forth that all non-governed, egalitarian Utopias represent a return to the societal arrangements of early man, when his communities were still small and decentralized, and before occupational specialization began to set in; that all democratic forms of government are taken from the Greek examples, that More's Utopia might well have been modelled on the Athenian clans of the pre-Cleisthenes era, and that the Kesh society of Always Coming Home is based exclusively on the kinship systems of the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

In this essay I analyze the meaning of the concepts home and at home and the feeling of coming home. What is a home and what different interpretations are there regarding the concepts of home and being at home? What kinds of feelings are aroused by coming home? The world we live in offers great opportunities to travel, which in itself creates a perspective on the meanings of the concepts. The world we live in also forces people to move from their homes, families and countries due to various reasons, which creates various problems and a certain urgency concerning the concepts. I describe basic terms concerning the concepts, both regarding concrete definitions and more abstract notions, and then compare them with my own reflections.          Based on my writing project Coming home I discuss these questions in various ways. I also describe the considerations I have made regarding these issues and the impact they have made in the text collection. I present my own description of home as a result of and defined by the emotions this term creates and where the moods are decisive.          The intention with Coming home is to offer different perspectives on and reflections upon the various feelings of coming home expressed by my own voice in the literary texts under study.

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