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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Relação entre os polimorfismos da paraoxonase 1 e do citocromo P450 em pacientes com imunodeficiência comum variável em uso de medicamentos ou exposição a poluentes ambientais / Relation between paraoxonase 1 and cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms and patients with common variable immunodeficiency and in use of medication or exposed to enviromental pollutants

Bruno Carnevale Sini 05 December 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO. A Imunodeficiencia comum variável (ICV) é uma doença heterogênea caracterizada pela redução dos niveis de IgG, IgA e/ou IgM e da função de anticorpo. As manifestações clínicas incluem a presença de infecções recorrentes ou crônicas, doenças inflamatórias/autoimunes e incidência aumentada de malignidades como linfomas e carcinomas, caracterizando-se, consequentemente, por um estado de ativação imune persistente e alterações do metabolismo oxidativo. Tanto a paraoxonase 1(PON1) quanto o polimorfismo do citocromo p450 (CYP) 2E1 têm importante participação nos processos oxidativos, controlando a extensão dos danos causados por alterações na concentração de oxidantes. Acredita-se que, tal qual ocorre na população normal, tanto a PON1 quanto a CYP2E1 tenham importante papel na gravidade e na sobrevida dos pacientes com ICV. OBJETIVO: estudar os polimorfismos de PON1 e CYP2E1, bem como a atividade arilesterase da PON1, e sua relação com o perfil lipídico, características clínicas, morbidade e mortalidade em pacientes com ICV. MÉTODOS/RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas as frequências alélicas dos polimorfismos de PON1 e CYP2E1, o perfil lipídico e a atividade arilesterase da PON1 em 101 pacientes com ICV e 16 pacientes com hipogamaglobulinemia secundária (HS) e 130 controles saudáveis. Nos dois grupos de pacientes foi analisada a presença de parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais, morbidade e gravidade da doença. Houve diferença na frequência dos genótipos de PON1-L55M entre pacientes primários e secundários, sendo o alelo 55L e o genótipo 55LM mais frequente no grupo HS. A atividade arilesterase de PON1 mostrou-se menor nos pacientes com ICV em relação ao grupo controle, com pacientes do genótipo 55MM apresentando os menores valores de atividade. Pacientes com o genótipo 55MM apresentaram doença mais grave quando comparados aos demais grupos genotípicos, sendo essa diferença causada não por uma característica deletéria deste genótipo, mas pelo papel protetor desempenhado pelo alelo 55L; pacientes portadores desse alelo apresentaram menor prevalência de manifestações graves como neoplasias, hepatomegalia, sepse e óbitos, bem como maior sobrevida daqueles que apresentavam ao menos uma cópia deste alelo. CONCLUSÃO: Este constitui o primeiro relato demonstrando maior frequência do genótipo 55LM e do alelo 55L em pacientes com hipogamaglobulinemia secundária e de menor atividade arilesterase em pacientes com ICV portadores do genótipo 55MM. Nossos resultados são sugestivos de que a presença do alelo 55L possa desempenhar papel protetor na ICV. Além disso, foi constatado que a presença de linfonodomegalia, hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia, sepse e hipertensão portal possam ser fatores preditivos tanto de um quadro de doença mais grave quanto de maior mortalidade / Introduction: Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by reduced levels of IgG, IgA and / or IgM and antibody function. Clinical manifestations include the presence of recurrent or chronic infections, inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, and increased incidence of malignancies such as lymphomas and carcinomas, which is characterized by a state of persistent immune activation and alterations in oxidative metabolism. Both paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and cytochrome p450 (CYP) 2E1 polymorphism have an important role in oxidative processes, controlling the extent of damage caused by changes in oxidant concentration. It is believed that, as in the normal population, both PON1 and CYP2E1 play an important role in the severity and survival of patients with CVID. Objectives: to study the polymorphisms of PON1 and CYP2E1, as well as the arilesterase activity of PON1, and its relation with the lipid profile, clinical characteristics, morbidity and mortality in patients with CVID. Methods/Results: The allelic frequencies of the PON1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms, the lipid profile and the arilesterase activity of PON1 in 101 patients with CVID and 16 patients with secondary hypogammaglobulinemia (HS) and 130 healthy controls were evaluated. The presence of clinical and laboratory parameters, morbidity and severity of the disease were analyzed in both groups of patients. There was a difference in the frequency of PON1-L55M genotypes between primary and secondary patients, being the 55L allele and the 55LM genotype more frequent in the HS group. The arilesterase activity of PON1 was lower in patients with CVID than in the control group, with patients of the 55MM genotype showing the lowest values. Patients with the 55MM genotype presented a more severe disease when compared to the other genotype groups, this difference is being caused not by a deleterious characteristic of this genotype, but by the protective role played by the 55L allele; patients with this allele had a lower prevalence of severe manifestations such as malignancies, hepatomegaly, sepsis and deaths, as well as a longer survival of those who had at least one copy of this allele. CONCLUSION: This is the first report showing a higher frequency of the 55LM genotype and the 55L allele in patients with secondary hypogammaglobulinemia and of lower arilesterase activity in patients with CVID with 55MM genotype. Our results suggest that the presence of the 55L allele may play a protective role in CVID. In addition, it was found that the presence of lymph node enlargement, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, sepsis and portal hypertension may be predictive factors of both a more severe disease and a higher mortality rate
42

Charakterizace biologických a funkčních vlastností nového typu lidských CD27- paměťových B lymfocytů / Characterization of biological and functional features of a new type of CD27- memory B lymphocytes.

Bajzíková, Martina January 2011 (has links)
The increased frequencies of two novel B cell populations defined as IgM+ CD19+ CD27- CD21low CD38low CD24+ and IgM+ CD19+ CD27- CD21low CD38low CD24- in peripheral blood of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) compared to healthy donors were found. The aim was to search for such B cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their further characterization. The production of immunoglobulin (Ig) mRNA in single B cells was analyzed using flow cytometry, single cell sorting and RT-PCR, IgVH-specific PCR, cycle sequencing and statistical analysis. The study was focused on analysis of variable regions of the heavy chains of Igs and significant differences in the usage of VH, DH and JH gene segments, mutational frequencies, distribution of silent and replacement mutations, length and composition of CDR3 regions, clonal relation and RAG gene expression in above mentioned B cell populations were found. Because of lack of the surface CD27 molecule being regarded as marker of B cells that have undergone antigen-driven germinal reactions, analyzed populations were considered as naive. However, the pattern and type of mutations suggested that these cells could represent a new type of differentiated memory/antigen- experienced B lymphocytes (in CVID less maturated) with the likely role in...
43

Avaliação da população de linfócitos CD4+ com potencial regulador em pacientes com Imunodeficiência Comum Variável e Deficiência Seletiva de Imunoglobulina A. / Evaluation of the population of CD4+ lymphocytes in patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency.

Genre, Julieta 31 May 2010 (has links)
A Imunodeficiência Comum Variável (ICV) e a Deficiência Seletiva de Imunoglobulina A (DIgA) são as imunodeficiências primárias humorais de maior freqüência na população mundial. Ambas as doenças são caracterizadas pela ausência ou redução significativa de imunoglobulinas no soro. Embora diversas anormalidades imunológicas tenham sido associadas a estas doenças, nenhuma hipótese unificadora a respeito das bases moleculares das mesmas foi proposta até o presente momento, sendo que o único defeito comum a todos os pacientes é a falha na diferenciação de células B em plasmócitos e conseqüente secreção de anticorpos. Devido à alta incidência de auto-imunidade e alergia em pacientes com ICV e DIgA, no presente trabalho, visamos analisar por citometria de fluxo a população de linfócitos CD4+ com potencial regulador nesses pacientes, para avaliar se possíveis defeitos quantitativos ou funcionais nesta população reguladora poderiam explicar a alta incidência de doenças auto-imunes ou alérgicas associadas a estas imunodeficiências. / Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) and Selective Immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) are the humoral primary immunodeficiencies with the highest incidence in the population. Both diseases are characterized by the absence or significant reduction of serum immunoglobulins. Although several immunological abnormalities have been associated with these diseases, no unifying hypothesis regarding the molecular basis of CVID and IgAD have been proposed to date, and the only defect common to all patients is the failure in differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and consequent secretion of antibodies. Due to the high incidence of autoimmunity and allergy in patients with CVID and IgAD, in the present work we analyzed by flow cytometry the population of CD4+ lymphocytes with regulatory potential in these patients to assess whether possible quantitative or functional defects in this regulatory population could explain the high incidence of autoimmune diseases or allergic reactions associated with these immunodeficiencies.
44

Avaliação da população de linfócitos CD4+ com potencial regulador em pacientes com Imunodeficiência Comum Variável e Deficiência Seletiva de Imunoglobulina A. / Evaluation of the population of CD4+ lymphocytes in patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency.

Julieta Genre 31 May 2010 (has links)
A Imunodeficiência Comum Variável (ICV) e a Deficiência Seletiva de Imunoglobulina A (DIgA) são as imunodeficiências primárias humorais de maior freqüência na população mundial. Ambas as doenças são caracterizadas pela ausência ou redução significativa de imunoglobulinas no soro. Embora diversas anormalidades imunológicas tenham sido associadas a estas doenças, nenhuma hipótese unificadora a respeito das bases moleculares das mesmas foi proposta até o presente momento, sendo que o único defeito comum a todos os pacientes é a falha na diferenciação de células B em plasmócitos e conseqüente secreção de anticorpos. Devido à alta incidência de auto-imunidade e alergia em pacientes com ICV e DIgA, no presente trabalho, visamos analisar por citometria de fluxo a população de linfócitos CD4+ com potencial regulador nesses pacientes, para avaliar se possíveis defeitos quantitativos ou funcionais nesta população reguladora poderiam explicar a alta incidência de doenças auto-imunes ou alérgicas associadas a estas imunodeficiências. / Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) and Selective Immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) are the humoral primary immunodeficiencies with the highest incidence in the population. Both diseases are characterized by the absence or significant reduction of serum immunoglobulins. Although several immunological abnormalities have been associated with these diseases, no unifying hypothesis regarding the molecular basis of CVID and IgAD have been proposed to date, and the only defect common to all patients is the failure in differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and consequent secretion of antibodies. Due to the high incidence of autoimmunity and allergy in patients with CVID and IgAD, in the present work we analyzed by flow cytometry the population of CD4+ lymphocytes with regulatory potential in these patients to assess whether possible quantitative or functional defects in this regulatory population could explain the high incidence of autoimmune diseases or allergic reactions associated with these immunodeficiencies.

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