Bakgrund: Globaliseringen medfört ökad förekomst av språkbarriärer, inte minst i Sverige. För att undkomma problemet finns det professionella tolkar, som översätter samtal mellan parter med olika modersmål. Ett sammanhang där tolk spelar en avgörande roll är inom hälso- och sjukvården, där samtal kan innebära enorma konsekvenser för människors liv och hälsa. Individers behov av tolk har stora implikationer för sjuksköterskans yrkesutövande liksom patientens liv.   Syfte: Att undersöka hur patienter med annat modersmål beskriver sina upplevelser av tolksamtal i ett vårdmöte. Metod: En litteraturöversikt där 10 vetenskapliga originalartiklar med studier av kvalitativ ansats granskades. Artiklar som motsvarade studiens syfte söktes i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL.  Resultat: Negativa upplevelser av tolkade samtal var misstanke om feltolkning, bekymmer om sekretess, skamkänslor kopplade till tolkens närvaro och upplevd utlämnande av emotionella budskap. Många nämnde även vikten av att tolk och patient delar samma dialekt av samma språk, vilket vårdpersonal ofta inte tog hänsyn till. Positiva upplevelser av tolkade samtal beskrevs som ökad delaktighet och autonomi, möjlighet till kulturkongruent vård och ökad förståelse för vården. Olika faktorer påverkade också deltagarnas uppfattningar av tolkens kompetens, som exempelvis tolkens ålder, kön, religion, etnisk tillhörighet, klädsel, och personkemi, vilket i sin tur påverkade patientens tillit till tolken och upplevelsen av vårdmötet.  Slutsats: Patienter med annat modersmål hade såväl positiva och som negativa upplevelser av tolkade samtal. Många faktorer påverkade tolkade möten, såsom patientens upplevelse av tolkens kompetens samt huruvida tolken och patienten talade samma dialekt. / Background: Globalization has led to increased prevalence of language barriers, not least in Sweden. Professional interpreters combat this, by translating conversations between parties with different native languages. An area where interpreters play a crucial role is healthcare, where discussions can have enormous consequences for peoples’ lives and health. Individuals’ need for interpreters carry great implications for the nurse’s professional practice as well as patients’ lives. Aim: To explore how patients with a different native language describe their experiences of interpreted communication in a healthcare setting.  Method: Literature review whereby 10 original research articles with studies of a qualitative approach were reviewed. Articles corresponding to the study’s aim were retrieved from the databases PubMed and CINAHL. Results: Negative experiences of interpreted healthcare encounters were suspected misinterpretation, worries about confidentiality, feelings of shame related to the interpreter’s presence and perceived omission of emotional messages. Additionally, many mentioned the importance of dialect, which healthcare providers often didn’t consider. Positive experiences of interpreted meetings were increased participation and autonomy, culture-congruent care and increased understanding of healthcare. Different factors affected the participants’ impressions of the interpreter’s competence, for instance the interpreter’s age, sex, religion, ethnicity, clothes and personal chemistry, which in turn affected the patient’s trust for the interpreter.  Conclusion: Patients with a differing native language had both positive and negative experiences of interpreted health encounters. Many factors had influence, such as the patient’s perception of the interpreter’s competence and whether the interpreter and patient speak the same dialect.

Given the increasing number of Chinese international students attending American universities, an important study would be to consider problems arising during these students' initial transition period, as they acculturate into the American culture and educational system. Taking this information into account, university counseling centers, campus services, and those who interact with and support these students would be better able to assist in easing the initial and ongoing stress of living in a foreign country and adapting to a new way of life. Thirteen Chinese international students participated in qualitative interviews conducted in Mandarin Chinese, each participant's native language. Each participant was born and raised in mainland China, had never travelled to the US before studying abroad, had no direct family relative in the US, and had studied at a university in the US for more than two years. In order to gain a better understanding of Chinese international students' initial transition to live and study in the US, a qualitative research design was utilized. This study used a collaborative hermeneutic approach to obtain a valid and common understanding of the meaning of each transcribed interview. Data analysis followed the hermeneutic circle, which emphasizes that the meaning of the text can be better understood through reading individual parts and comparing meanings of parts and whole. These study used a team to analyze data, thus avoiding the narrow reliance on individual interpretations. Based on their personal perspectives, participants reported their experiences encountered during their initial transition into the US. More specifically, information shared during individual interviews with Chinese international students indicated specific experiences in regard to their initial and ongoing adjustment to the U.S. environment, including how they made sense of their experiences and how their ways of thinking and behaving changed as a result of being influenced by their experiences interfacing with U.S. culture. Participants also shared their strategies they perceived as helpful in specific situations. Based on an analysis of participants interviews, themes that arose from the interviews included (a) difficulties and challenges they faced as new immigrants; (b) differences they encountered in respect to their homeland and the new environment, including language/communication, culture, academic study and learning, living in the US, and psychological adjustments; (c) positive growth they acknowledged from facing challenges and adapting to their new environment; and (d) acknowledging the need to accept help and how to more proactively seek and receive help as needed. Implications for more actively assisting and including Chinese international students are discussed.

Bakgrund: Kommunikation är utbyte av betydelsefull information mellan individer och kan förmedlas via verbalt och icke-verbalt språk. Genom att vårdpersonal skapar en mellanmänsklig relation till patienten uppnås ömsesidig förståelse som är grunden för att bedriva personcentrerad vård. I interkulturell kommunikation kan det däremot vara svårt att nå full förståelse på grund av otillräckliga språkkunskaper och kulturella skillnader. Syfte: Syfte med studien var att beskriva betydelsen av språklig och kulturell förståelse i kommunikationen mellan patient och hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal.  Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med systematisk ansats baserad på kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar genomfördes. Artikelsökningar gjordes i PubMed och Cinahl. Följande sökord användes i sökningar: communication, communication barriers, experience, health care, health personal, immigrant, interpreter, language, migrant, nurse-patient relations. Resultat: Ömsesidig förståelse, språklig och kulturell, är nyckeln för att vårdpersonal ska kunna förstå patienten och bedriva god vård. Resultatet baserades på 15 artiklar och består av tre tema: Kommunikation och relation, Invandrare i vården och Tolkning. Konklusion: Otillräckliga språkkunskaper är ett hinder för invandrare att komma i kontakt med vården, förmedla sina behov och nå full förståelse för given information. För vårdpersonal är språkbarriären ett hinder för att kunna bedriva patientsäker och personcentrerad vård. Båda parter är beroende av en tolk för att uppnå ömsesidig förståelse. / Background: Communication is an exchange of significant information between individuals and can be conveyed through verbal and non-verbal communication. When health personnel establish interpersonal relationships with the patient, mutual understanding will be obtained which is the basis for person-centered care. However, in intercultural communication it can be difficult to achieve full understanding due to insufficient language knowledge and cultural differences. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the importance of linguistic and cultural understanding in communication between patient and health personnel. Method: A literature study with a systematic approach based on qualitative articles was conducted. Article searches were made in PubMed and Cinahl. The following keywords were used in search process: communication, communication barriers, experience, health care, health personnel, immigrant, interpreter, language, migrant, nurse-patient relations. Results: Mutual understanding, linguistic and cultural, is the key for healthcare professionals to understand the patient and provide good care. The result was based on 15 articles and consists of three topics: Communication and relationship, Immigrants in healthcare and Interpreting. Conclusion: Insufficient language knowledge is an obstacle for immigrants to come into contact with healthcare, communicate their needs and gain full understanding of given information. Language barrier is an interference fpr healthcare professionals to be able to deliver patient-safe and person-centered care. Both parties are dependent on an interpreter to achieve mutual understanding.

The present text attempts to prepare experts - kindergarten teachers for quality work with children with a different native language - specifically with Vietnamese children. The theoretical part describes important information from the issue of socio-cultural specifics of the Vietnamese minority, to the topic of dealing with the mastery of the Czech language. The theoretical part is devoted to the topic of individual development of kindergarten teachers, multicultural education, and with the integration of Vietnamese children in Czech schools. The practical part describes the main issues that have teachers Czech kindergartens with Vietnamese children. Keywords: preschool education, multicultural education, children with a different mother language, Vietnamese children, integration issues, communication barrier.

Patient safety is one of the top priorities of anesthesia and perioperative care in the operating room. The patient safety is greatly compromised due to administered medication and the actual operating performance in the perioperative care. The risks of anesthesia and the operational performance are many, starting with the fall of the patient, the possible wrong- site, wrong-procedure, wrong-patient errors, adverse reactions to administered medication, difficult airway management or an unexpected perioperative bleeding. Patient harm in hospital care leads not only to increased costs for additional treatment, prolongation of the hospitalization time, but also significantly affects the subsequent quality of life. Most adverse events are preventable, since most of them are caused by susceptible factors, such as incomplete or incorrect information or the lack of communication between the members of the operating team. Due to the increasing number of such adverse events around the world, including those of the most serious, The World Health Organization has created a program called The Save Surgery Saves Lives, whose aim was the identification of key risk areas in ensuring the safety of patients. On the basis of the identified risk areas the Surgical Safety Checklist was introduced in 2008. It is aimed...