Neste trabalho, é analisado o processo de tradução através das diferentes versões que fazem quatro tradutores de um mesmo texto (um conto da autora cubana Zoé Valdés) e dos registros que estes tradutores fazem num diário de tradução. O objetivo é pesquisar os aspectos da dinâmica do comportamento do processo de tradução, observando a natureza dos elementos que entram em interação no momento da tomada de decisão do tradutor e na posterior reestruturação do texto traduzido. Também são analisados os paradigmas e trajetórias que apresentaram alguns dos estudos da tradução com o objetivo de determinar as marcas do surgimento de um novo paradigma nestes estudos. / In this work, the translation process is analyzed through the different versions made by four translators of a same text (a short story by cuban writer Zoé Valdés) and the records they wrote in a translation diary. The objective is to research the dynamics of the translation process, observing the nature of the elements that interact in the moment of the translator's decision and during the subsequent restructuring of the translated text. At the same time, paradigms and paths arisen throughout some of the translation studies are examined with the objective of determining signs of the emergence of a new paradigm in these studies.

Neste trabalho, é analisado o processo de tradução através das diferentes versões que fazem quatro tradutores de um mesmo texto (um conto da autora cubana Zoé Valdés) e dos registros que estes tradutores fazem num diário de tradução. O objetivo é pesquisar os aspectos da dinâmica do comportamento do processo de tradução, observando a natureza dos elementos que entram em interação no momento da tomada de decisão do tradutor e na posterior reestruturação do texto traduzido. Também são analisados os paradigmas e trajetórias que apresentaram alguns dos estudos da tradução com o objetivo de determinar as marcas do surgimento de um novo paradigma nestes estudos. / In this work, the translation process is analyzed through the different versions made by four translators of a same text (a short story by cuban writer Zoé Valdés) and the records they wrote in a translation diary. The objective is to research the dynamics of the translation process, observing the nature of the elements that interact in the moment of the translator's decision and during the subsequent restructuring of the translated text. At the same time, paradigms and paths arisen throughout some of the translation studies are examined with the objective of determining signs of the emergence of a new paradigm in these studies.

Submitted by Patricia Figuti Venturini (pfiguti@anhembi.br) on 2018-08-20T19:01:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 449037.pdf: 5977234 bytes, checksum: 62769081b2ec075baad72bc603f714dd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Figuti Venturini (pfiguti@anhembi.br) on 2018-08-20T20:25:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 449037.pdf: 5977234 bytes, checksum: 62769081b2ec075baad72bc603f714dd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Figuti Venturini (pfiguti@anhembi.br) on 2018-08-20T20:27:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 449037.pdf: 5977234 bytes, checksum: 62769081b2ec075baad72bc603f714dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T13:38:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 449037.pdf: 5977234 bytes, checksum: 62769081b2ec075baad72bc603f714dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Games are propitious environments for the appearing of new behavior patterns (emergence). It’s necessary to comprehend the nature of these changes taking into account demands and their modifying potential on this process. To support this trajectory, concepts of emergence were presented back from classical sciences to contemporary studies which touch metadesign and game design. This dissertation aims to investigate the phenomenon of emergence in digital games, encompassing the utilization of projective resources that can increase the interactivity and potentiate this process. The research involves literature review, articulation of concepts of complex adaptive system (CAS), emergence incidence in game design and the analysis of three selected objects: Tibia, PokemonGO and The Sims. The perspectives of metadesign usage and artificial intelligence are highlighted as propeller resources of new behaviors. The context, phenomenon and tool relation is discussed concerning: complex adaptive systems, emergence and artificial intelligence. This dissertation concludes that the usage of methodologies which incorporate metadesign and the gamer as codesigner are more appropriate when dealing with the emergent character of games. Furthermore, the use of artificial intelligences expands the possibilities of interaction in the game, multiplying the number of active agents in the system. / Jogos são ambientes propícios ao surgimento de novos padrões de comportamento (emergência). Faz-se necessário compreender a natureza dessas mudanças observando-se as demandas e seu potencial modificador nesse processo. Para embasar esta trajetória foram apresentados conceitos de emergência desde as ciências clássicas até estudos contemporâneos que tangenciam o metadesign e o design de jogos. Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de investigar o fenômeno da emergência nos jogos digitais, abordando a utilização de recursos projetuais que possam aumentar a interatividade e potencializar esse processo. A pesquisa envolve revisão bibliográfica, articulação dos conceitos de sistemas complexos adaptativos (SCA), incidência de emergência no design de games e a análise de três objetos selecionados: Tibia, PokemonGo e The Sims. Destacam-se as perspectivas de uso de metadesign e inteligência artificial como recursos propulsores de novos comportamentos. Discute-se a relação contexto, fenômeno e ferramenta como: sistemas complexos adaptativos, emergência e inteligência artificial. Conclui-se que o uso de metodologias que incorporam metadesign e o jogador como codesigner são mais adequadas para lidar com o caráter emergente dos jogos. Além disso, o uso de inteligências artificiais amplia as possibilidades de interação no jogo, multiplicando a quantidade de agentes ativos no sistema.

Les systèmes de fusion d'informations sont principalement composés, d'outils mathématiques permettant de réaliser la représentation et la combinaison des données. L'objectif de ces systèmes peut s'exprimer comme un problème de décision sur la vérité ou la vraisemblance d'une proposition étant donné une ou plusieurs informations issues de différentes sources. Les systèmes de fusion cherchent à exploiter au mieux les propriétés des sources de données en tenant compte de l'imperfection de l'information (imprécis, incomplet, ambigu, incertain, etc.) ainsi que l'aspect redondant, complémentaire et conflictuel des informations. Le système de fusion concerné par cette thèse a la capacité d'intégrer dans ses traitements de la connaissance experte. On le nomme système de fusion coopératif. Puisque ce système cherche à intégrer pleinement les experts dans son fonctionnement, il est important de mettre à disposition des utilisateurs des informations aidant à mieux comprendre la fusion réalisée. De tels systèmes disposent de nombreux paramètres à régler et ces derniers ont un impact important sur la qualité des résultats obtenus. Une des grandes problématiques liées à ces systèmes de fusion d'informations porte sur l'évaluation de leurs performances. L'évaluation doit permettre d'améliorer la qualité de la fusion, d'améliorer l'interaction expert/système et d'aider à mieux ajuster les paramètres du système. En général, l'évaluation de tels systèmes est réalisée en fin de chaîne par une évaluation globale du résultat. Mais, celle-ci ne permet pas de savoir précisément l'endroit de la chaîne qui nécessite une intervention. Une autre difficulté réside dans le fait qu'une vérité terrain complète sur le résultat n'est pas toujours disponible, ce qui complique la tâche d'évaluation de performances de ce type de systèmes. Le contexte applicatif de ce travail est l'interprétation d'images tridimensionnelles (images tomographiques, images sismiques, images synthétiques, ...). Dans ce contexte une évaluation locale des systèmes de fusion d'informations, a été mise en place. L'approche a montré son intérêt dans l'ajustement efficace des paramètres et dans la coopération avec l'expert. / Information fusion systems are mainly composed from mathematical tools allowing to realize data representation and combination. The aim of these systems can be expressed as a decision problem on the truth or plausibility of a proposition based on several information coming from different sources. Fusion try to manage the characteristics of the sources taking into account the information imperfection (inaccurate, incomplete, ambiguous, uncertain, etc.) and the redundant aspect, the complement and the conflictual aspect of information. Fusion systems concerned by this thesis have the ability to integrate the expert knowledge in their treatments. They are called cooperative fusion systems. Since these systems are trying to associate experts, it is important to provide to the users some informations that help them to better understand the fusion process. Such systems have many parameters that must be adjusted. These parameters have an important impact on the quality of the obtained results. One of the major problems associated to information fusion systems concerns the evaluation of their performance. A pertinent evaluation will allow to improve the quality of the fusion, to improve expert/system interaction and to better adjust the parameters of the system. Generally, the evaluation of such systems is made in the ouput of the processing chain by a global evaluation of the results. But it does not allow to know the precise subpart of the treatement chain that requires an adjustment of its parameters. Another difficulty releases in the fact that a complete ground truth of the result is not always available, which complicates the performance evaluation task. The application context of this work is the interpretation of 3D images (tomographic images, seismic images, synthetic images, ...). In this context, a local evaluation of the information fusion systems has been implemented. The approach has shown its interest in the efficient adjustment of parameters and the cooperation with expert.

Un certain nombre de travaux basés sur les réseaux de capteurs sans fil s'intéressent à la gestion de l'énergie de ces capteurs. Cette énergie est, de fait, un facteur critique dans le fonctionnement de ces réseaux. Une construction adéquate des clusters de capteurs est un très bon moyen pour minimiser la consommation de cette énergie. La problématique liée à ces réseaux réside ainsi souvent dans leur durée de vie mais aussi dans le nécessaire maintien de la connectivité entre tous les capteurs. Ces deux aspects sont étroitement liés. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes focalisés sur ces deux volets, dans le contexte de réseaux de capteurs statiques mais aussi celui de capteurs mobiles.Nous proposons, dans un premier temps, un algorithme hybride pour la mise en place des clusters et la gestions de ces clusters. L'originalité de cette solution réside dans la mise en place de zones géographiques de désignation des cluster heads mais aussi dans la transmission, dans les messages échangés, de la quantité d'énergie restante sur les capteurs. Ainsi, les données sur les capteurs permettront de désigner les cluster heads et leurs successeurs qui détermineront les seuils pour les autres capteurs et pour leur fonctionnement. L'algorithme est testé à travers de nombreuses simulations. La seconde partie du travail consiste à adapter notre premier algorithme pour les réseaux de capteurs mobiles. Nous in_uons sur la trajectoire des capteurs pour maintenir la connectivité et limiter la consommation d'énergie. Pour cela, nous nous inspirons de l'écho-localisation pratiquée par les chauvessouris. Nous nous sommes donc intéressés à la topologie changeante et dynamique dans les réseaux de capteurs. Nous avons analysé la perte d'énergie en fonction de la distance et de la puissance de transmission entre les n÷uds et le cluster head. Nous évaluons également notre algorithme sur des capteurs qui ont un déplacement aléatoire. Nous appliquons ces algorithmes à une simulation de _otte de drones de surveillance. / A number of works based on wireless sensor networks are interested in the energy management of these sensors. This energy is in fact a critical factor in the operation of these networks. Proper construction of sensor clusters is a great way to minimize the consumption of this energy. The problems related to these networks and often lies in their lifetime but also in the need to maintain connectivity between all transducers. These two aspects are closely linked. In this thesis, we focused on these two aspects in the context of static sensor networks but also of mobile sensors.We propose, as a _rst step, a hybrid algorithm for setting up clusters and the management of theseclusters. The uniqueness of this solution lies in the establishment of geographic areas for designation fcluster heads but also in transmission, in the exchanged messages, the amount of remaining energy on the sensors. Thus, the sensor data will designate the cluster heads and their successors will determine the thresholds for other sensors and for their operation. The algorithm is tested through many simulations. The second part of the work is to adapt our _rst algorithm for mobile sensor networks. We a_ect the trajectory of sensors to maintain connectivity and reduce energy consumption. For this, we are guided echo-location practiced by bats. We're interested in changing and dynamic topology in sensor networks. We analyzed the loss of energy as a function of the distance and the power transmission between the nodes and the head cluster. We also evaluate our algorithm on sensors that have a random move. We apply these algorithms to a _eet of surveillance drones simulation.

Stimuler la créativité demeure un enjeu majeur pour soutenir l’innovation. Depuis les travaux théoriques fondateurs des années 1950-1960, il existe aujourd’hui un grand nombre d’outils, de méthodes, et de guides d’aide au choix diffusés parmi les praticiens. Cependant, les entreprises font aujourd’hui face à une telle complexité, à la fois technique et organisationnelle, que les outils et méthodes traditionnellement utilisés arrivent à leurs limites et manquent d’efficacité. Non seulement nous manquons encore d’une théorie fondamentale de la créativité qui fasse consensus, mais la recherche dans ce domaine manque souvent de pertinence en termes de transfert dans la pratique et d’adéquation avec les besoins pragmatiques industriels. Cette thèse explore comment l'approche systémique permet d’étudier la créativité afin de mettre en évidence de nouveaux moyens de la stimuler dans des contextes industriels complexes. Cette approche nous a permis de synthétiser les mécanismes de la créativité dans un modèle systémique, et de faire émerger trois interactions fondamentales : sensori-motrice, cognitive, et sociale. Pour stimuler simultanément ces interactions, trois axes méthodologiques ont été proposés puis testés au sein d’un contexte industriel automobile, dans le cadre de projets d’innovation réels. Les résultats de nos expérimentations montrent que l'utilisation conjointe, d’une part d’outils de stimulation analogique, d’autre part d'un langage de formes visuelles, et enfin d'un processus cyclique alternant imagination, conception, et création, permet d’améliorer notablement la performance créative. Notre modèle de la créativité, désormais entendu comme le « système complexe de la création », nous permet d’enrichir conjointement le champ scientifique théorique et les pratiques méthodologiques. Il ouvre également des perspectives de développement en sciences de gestion et en management de l’innovation. / Stimulating creativity remains a major challenge to support innovation. Since pioneering theoretical work from 1950-1960, there is now a large number of tools, methods, and guidelines disseminated among practitioners. However, companies today face such complexity, both technical and organizational, that the tools and methods traditionally used reach their limits and became inefficient. Not only we don’t have any strong fundamental theory of creativity, but also research in this field often lacks relevance in terms of transfer into practice and adequacy with pragmatic industrial needs. This thesis explores how the systemic approach allows the study of creativity to highlight new ways to stimulate it in complex industrial settings. This approach allowed us to synthesize the mechanisms of creativity in a systemic model, and bring out three fundamental interactions: sensorimotor, cognitive, and social. To simultaneously stimulate these interactions, three methodological guidelines have been proposed and tested in a car manufacturer industrial environment, in the context of real innovation projects. The results of our experiments show that the combined use of, first analogical stimulation tools, the other a language of visual forms, and finally a cyclical process alternating imagination, design and creation, can significantly improve the creative performance. Our model of creativity, now understood as "the complex system of creation", enables us to jointly enrich the theoretical scientific field and also methodological practices. It also opens developing prospects for innovation management and management sciences.

Human Development is not a term used in casual conversation, it describes the current approach used by large aide international development organizations like the United Nations; but most people are familiar with the terms “emergency relief” and “humanitarian intervention”. Emergency relief focuses on providing assistance to save lives, alleviate suffering, or protect populations; while human development uses various societal levers to improve living conditions. The United Nation has been publishing an annual report on human development since 1990 (UNDP 1990), and it is widely recognized as a consistent measure of global living conditions. Development strategies revolve around a transfer of something valuable to an aided population: education, vaccination, fertilizers, etc. In technology-based human development projects, technology artefacts (a medical record computer system, solar electrification systems, irrigation) and related knowledge (education, operation and maintenance instruction) are those valuables being transferred. The benefits of technology are specific to each economy, and dependant on how quickly technology is adapted and integrated in the local economy (Cypher & Dietz 2008). The value of ideas increases to the degree they can be shared with and used by others (Houghton & Sheehan 2000): the more knowledge is diffused and adopted, the greater its value. The success of free and open-source software exemplifies this principle, and a growing number of scholars agree that the model also applies to hardware (Balka et al. 2009; Thompson 2008). This thesis presents research on open source hardware and its knowledge-sharing approach as a means to human development. It presents a model that leverages the collaborative design methodology of open hardware for adoption of artefacts that address pressing “humanitarian technology” needs, for example, in health or education. To achieve this, critical literature reviews on open source and on technology-based human development are first done; the findings from literature are then complemented with the findings from interviews and case studies to model a sustainable deployment strategy for open source use in human development projects. Adopting the human development paradigm defined in the first Human Development Report (“HDR1990”), which aims at three people-centered aspirations: to live a long and healthy life, to be educated and to have access to resources needed for a decent standard of living (UNDP 1990). This thesis research models its deployment strategy using the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), showing that: (a) open source hardware, like any technology used in development, can magnify effective development programs when used appropriately; (b) Dr. E.F. Schumacher’s appropriate technology principles, and P. Polak’s reinstatement, mesh very well with the open source methodology, as long as required constituents in the aided communities are taken care of (availability of electricity, internet access, technical know-how, etc.); (c) extreme affordability is particularly important for open source hardware, because a sustainable strategy is based on the belief that aided population would want to procure these artifacts if they improve their earning potential; (d) participatory human development practices work well with the open source methodology, but “solutions” must be fully verified before deployment. This document is structured in 5 chapters: introduction, literature review, research strategies, case studies and interviews, and conclusion. The appendix include three articles published on parallel work for the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) on defining a strategy for the IEEE’s use of opens source technology in their humanitarian activities. This research provides insight into the new topic of open source hardware and its proposed use in the mission critical context of international development; because entrepreneurship is a key enabler to the strategy it describes, I hope the research can support future work on that aspect.

Les systèmes technologiques actuels comprennent une composante sociétale due àl’impact des utilisateurs. Ces systèmes, dits complexes, comportent des sous-systèmesdont les acteurs ont des objectifs divergents voire antagoniques.Considéré comme une évolution du réseau énergétique actuel, le Smart Grid est unparfait exemple de système complexe. Ce terme désigne en particulier un réseau électriqueoptimisé intégrant le comportement et les actions des utilisateurs (producteurs,consommateurs, consommacteurs, etc.). L’étude de la dynamique du système a pourobjectif d’améliorer sa qualité et sa sécurité et de réduire son impact environnemental.Cependant, les simulations de Smart Grid actuelles sont généralement basées sur destechnologies spécifiques, limitant l’évolution du modèle proposé.Les défis liés au Smart Grid sont l’hétérogénéité des actions et de leurs intérêts divergeant,et une complexité à toute échelle, que ce soit spatiale ou temporelle. En effet, lesentités du Smart Grid sont en compétition pour l’obtention de la ressource commune.Par exemple, les consommateurs ont des besoins énergétiques à un cout minimal tandisque les producteurs doivent contrôler la consommation, les pics de demande tout enmaximisant leur profit. Les comportements et les relations entre les entités sont doncdifficiles à modéliser. Des pressions externes et internes comme la dynamique des prix oules productions erratiques des énergies renouvelables ont une influence sur la structure,l’organisation et le comportement des sous-systèmes et donc du système global. De plus,une mauvaise gestion peut provoquer de nombreuses défaillances du système telles quedes brownouts, des blackouts ou des ruptures de lignes du réseau.Nous proposons une modélisation intégrative pour aborder le concept de Smart Grid :chaque composante de notre modélisation prend en compte un aspect de ce dernier et leurintrication mène à une modélisation efficace à toute échelle. Les relations entre entitésprennent en compte le caractère dynamique et un superviseur global surveille le réseaupour détecter les seuils critiques ou pour planifier les schémas de consommation future.Cependant, le modèle est impossible à appréhender tel quel et de nombreux scénariostesteront l’influence des divers paramètres, calibreront les algorithmes et ajusteront lagestion locale et globale pour une configuration donnée. Nous proposerons de nouvellesthéories pour améliorer ce modèle au niveau de la structure, de la dynamique des prixou une approche mathématique dans le but de rendre le modèle le plus efficace possible / Current technological systems include a societal component due to the impact of users.These complex systems contain numerous sub-systems which actors have conflicting evenantagonist objectives.Considered as the evolution of the current Power Grid, the Smart Grid is a perfectexample of complex system. This term refers to an electrical optimized network integratingthe behavior and actions of users (generators, consumers, consumactors, etc.).These Power Grid’s upgrades aim to improve quality and security, to reduce environmentalimpact. But current simulations are done on a specific technology and with alimited evolution.Challenges of Smart Grid are related firstly to the heterogeneity of actors with differentinterests and secondly to a spatial and temporal multiscale complexity. Smart Gridactors are in a competitive access to a shared resource. For example, consumers expressenergy requirements with minimal cost while producers have to manage consumption,peaks and to maximize their profits. Dynamics behaviors and relations between entitiesare difficult to model. External and internal pressures as energy pricing, energy losses orthe erratic production of renewable energies influence on the structure, the organizationand the behavior of the subsystems and the overall system. Moreover, a bad managementcauses various structural problems like brownout, blackout, or partial failures.We propose an integrative model to solve the Smart Grid: each component of ourmodel allows to consider one aspect of the grid and it is their intricacy that achieves anefficient modeling. Relations between entities take into account the complex dynamicsand an overall supervisor allows network monitoring to detect critical thresholds or toplan consumption schemes. However, the model is impossible to apprehend like this anddifferent scenarios test the influence of parameters, calibrate algorithms and adjust globaland local monitoring for a specific case. We also propose some theories to enhance thestructural model, to integrate dynamic pricing or to help to calibrate by a mathematicalapproach of the global problem

O gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos municipais não vem contemplando adequadamente a multidimensionalidade da realidade urbana num mundo globalizado e pouco tem auxiliado na necessária transformação dos padrões de consumo nas comunidades locais. Face a incerteza inerente dos sistemas sociais, a complexidade vem sendo, progressivamente, reconhecida como a expressão paradigmática dessa realidade. Neste trabalho, desenvolve-se o conceito de sistema de resíduos sólidos sob a perspectiva de um sistema complexo, assim como caracteriza-se a dinâmica das suas interações. A partir dessa concepção teórica, discute-se a busca da sustentabilidade por meio do gerenciamento de resíduos e as formas de complexificar a sua metodologia de atuação, na qual a cobrança da coleta de resíduos domiciliares é identificada como um importante instrumento neste processo. Propõe-se um modelo de cobrança desses serviços cuja viabilidade é verificada na simulação feita para o município de Santo André-SP. Levanta-se, ainda, dados sobre as formas de cobrança existentes em diversos municípios e a situação dos serviços de limpeza urbana no Brasil. Conclui-se que o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos deve ser executado no âmbito de uma política pública local para o setor e que o modelo de cobrança proposto tem maior aplicabilidade em cidades de médio a grande porte. / Municipal solid waste management does not give appropriate consideration to the urban multidimensional reality in a globalized world and it has not promoted the necessary change of consumer standards in the local community. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the social systems, the complexity has been progressively recognized as a paradigmatic expression of this reality. In this study the concept of solid waste system is explained in the perspective of a complex system and how to characterize the dynamics of its interactions. From this theoretical standing the search for sustainability through solid waste management and the way to improve the complexity of its methodology is discussed wherein the household waste collection tax is identified as an important tool. A model for a waste collection tax is proposed the feasibility of which is validated by a simulation applied in Santo Andre city. Data on waste collection tax was acquired from several municipal districts and they represent the situation of the urban cleaning services in Brazil. Conclusions state that solid waste management should be carried out in the context of local public policies for this sector and that the proposed model for waste collection tax presents high feasibility for medium and large cities.

Tesis por compendio / [EN] The study of Complex Systems is one of the scientific fields that has had the highest productivity in recent decades and has not ceased to fascinate the community dedicated to studying its properties. In particular, Network Science has proven to be one of the most prolific areas within Complex Systems. In recent years, his methods have been applied to model multiple phenomena in real life, both naturally generated, such as in biology, and due to the actions and interactions of man, such as social networks or communication networks. Recently, it has been seen how the methods of Network Science can be applied in the context of mathematics, as is the case of Number Theory. One of the most studied cases is networks whose elements are numbers and which are related through the divisibility relation. The main objective of this thesis is to extend these studies to other sets of numbers. On the one hand, we study the divisibility in natural numbers when we obtain these from Pascal matrices of increasing size, which allows us to extract non-sequential sets of numbers with non-constant increments between them. On the other hand, we study the case of the divisibility relation of rational numbers. Cantor's diagonal argument provides a way to order all rational numbers, which allows us to check to what extent some of the properties observed for the divisibility of natural numbers are extensible to a more general context. The thesis is divided into 4 Chapters. Chapter 1 contains a general introduction to the thesis and it is structured into 6 sections. In Sections 1.1 and 1.2, we briefly introduce Network Science, show some application examples, and motivate the study of networks of numbers generated from the divisibility property. In Section 1.3, we define the objectives of this PhD thesis and its scope. In Section 1.4, we present the notion of network, its representations, and some measures that can be calculated on them, such as nodes degrees, their distribution, the assortativity and the clustering coefficients. In another hand, in Section 1.5, we review the best-known network models such as Erdo¿s and Re'nyi random networks, Watts and Strogatz small-world networks, Baraba'si and Albert scale-free networks, and hierarchical networks. Finally, at the end of this Chapter 1, we show in Section 1.6 a review of various studies carried out in order to apply Network Science methods to problems and properties that arise in Number Theory, such as divisibility networks or networks generated from Collatz's Conjecture. or Goldbach's Strong Conjecture. In Chapters 2 and 3, we show the results obtained and that have been published to date. Finally, in Chapter 4, we summarize the conclusions obtained and indicate some related problems that we consider of interest to address in the future. / [ES] El estudio de los Sistemas Complejos es uno de los campos científicos que ha tenido mayor productividad en las últimas décadas y no ha dejado de fascinar a la comunidad que se dedica al estudio de sus propiedades. En particular, la Ciencia de Redes se ha mostrado como una de las áreas más prolíficas dentro de los Sistemas Complejos. En los últimos años, sus métodos han sido aplicados para modelar múltiples fenómenos de la vida real tanto generados de manera natural, como puede ser en el caso de la biología, como debidos a las acciones e interacciones del hombre, como puede ser el caso de las redes sociales o las redes de comunicaciones. Recientemente, se ha visto cómo los métodos de la Ciencia de Redes pueden ser aplicados en el contexto de las matemáticas, como es el caso de la Teoría de Números. Uno de los casos que más se han estudiado es el de las redes cuyos elementos son números y que se relacionan mediante la relación de la divisibilidad. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es extender estos estudios a otros conjuntos de números. Por una parte, estudiamos la divisibilidad en los números naturales cuando obtenemos estos a partir de subconjuntos de números naturales extraídos de matrices de Pascal de orden creciente, lo que nos permite extraer conjuntos de números de manera no secuencial y con incrementos no constantes entre ellos. Por otra parte, estudiamos el caso de la relación de divisibilidad de los números racionales, dado que a partir del argumento diagonal de Cantor se pueden ordenar, lo que nos permite comprobar hasta qué punto algunas de las propiedades observadas para la divisibilidad de los números naturales son extensibles a un contexto más general. La tesis se divide en 4 capítulos. El capítulo 1 contiene una introducción general a la tesis y está estructurado en 6 secciones. En las secciones 1.1 y 1.2, presentamos brevemente la Ciencia de Redes, mostrando algunos ejemplos de aplicación y motivamos el estudio de redes de números generadas a partir de la propiedad de divisibilidad. En la Section 1.3, definimos los objetivos de esta tesis doctoral y su alcance. En la sección 1.4, presentamos la noción de red, sus formas de representación y algunas medidas que se pueden calcular sobre ellas, como son los grados de los nodos, la distribución de estos grados, la asortatividad y los coeficientes de clustering. Por otro lado, en la Sección 1.5, revisamos los modelos de redes más conocidos como son las redes aleatorias de Erdös y Rényi, las redes de pequeño mundo de Watts y Strogatz, las redes libres de escala de Barabási y Albert y las redes jerárquicas. Mostramos en la Sección 1.6, una revisión de diversos estudios realizados con el fin de aplicar métodos de la Ciencia de Redes a problemas y propiedades que surgen en la Teoría de Números, como son las redes de divisibilidad o redes generadas a partir de la Conjetura de Collatz o la Conjetura Fuerte de Goldbach. En los Capítulos 2 y 3, mostramos los resultados obtenidos y que han sido publicados hasta la fecha y, finalmente, en el Capítulo 4, resumimos las conclusiones obtenidas e indicamos algunos problemas relacionados que consideramos de interés abordar en un futuro. / [CAT] L'estudi dels Sistemes Complexos és un dels camps científiques que ha tingut major productivitat en les últimes dècades i no ha deixat de fascinar a la comunitat que es dedica a l'estudi de les seues propietats. En particular, la Ciència de Xarxes s'ha mostrat com una de les àrees més prolífica dins dels Sistemes Complexos. En els últims anys, els seus mètodes han sigut aplicats per a modelar múltiples fenòmens de la vida real tant generats de manera natural, com pot ser en el cas de la biologia, com deguts a les accions i interaccions de l'home, com pot ser el cas de les xarxes socials o les xarxes de comunicacions. Recentment, s'ha vist com els mètodes de la Ciència de Xarxes poden ser aplicats en el context de les matemàtiques, com és el cas de la Teoria de Números. Un dels casos que més s'han estudiat és el de les xarxes els elements de les quals són números i que es relacionen mitjançant la relació de la divisibilitat. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi és estendre aquests estudis a altres conjunts de números. D'una banda, estudiem la divisibilitat en els nombres naturals quan obtenim aquests a partir de matrius de Pascal de grandària creixent, la qual cosa ens permet extraure conjunts de números de manera no sequëncial i amb increments no constants entre ells. D'altra banda, estudiem el cas de la relació de divisibilitat dels nombres racionals, atés que a partir de l'argument diagonal de Cantor es poden ordenar, la qual cosa ens permet comprovar fins a quin punt algunes de les propietats observades per a la divisibilitat dels nombres naturals són extensibles a un context més general. La tesi es troba dividida en 4 Capítols. El capítol 1, conté una introducció general a la tesi i está estructurat en 6 seccions. En les seccions 1.1 i 1.2, presentem breument la Ciència de Xarxes, mostrant alguns exemples d'aplicació i motivem l'estudi de xarxes de números generades a partir de la propietat de divisibilitat. En la Section 1.3, definim els objectius d'aquesta tesi doctoral y el seu abast. En la Secció 1.4, presentem la noció de xarxa, les seves formes de representació i algunes mesures que es poden calcular sobre elles, com són els graus dels nodes, la distribució d'aquests graus, la asortatividad i els coeficients de clustering. En la Sección 1.5, revisem els models de xarxes més coneguts com són les xarxes aleatòries de Erdös i Renyi, les xarxes de xicotet món de Watts i Strogatz, les xarxes lliures d'escala de Barabási i Albert i les xarxes jeràrquiques. Mostrem en la Sección 1.6 una revisió de diversos estudis realitzats amb la finalitat d'aplicar mètodes de la Ciència de Xarxes a problemes i propietats que sorgeixen en la Teoria de Números, com són les xarxes de divisibilitat o xarxes generades a partir de la Conjectura de Collatz o la Conjectura Forta de Goldbach. En els Capítols 2 i 3, vam mostrar els resultats obtinguts i que han sigut publicats fins hui i, finalment, en el Capítol 4, resumim les conclusions obtingudes i indiquem alguns problemes relacionats que considerem d'interés abordar en un futur. / Solares Hernández, PA. (2021). Sets of numbers from complex networks perspective [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/176015 / TESIS / Compendio