O crescente aumento das cargas transportadas pelos caminhões e a utilização de pneus radiais têm contribuído para a degradação prematura dos pavimentos asfálticos. Uma das patologias que passaram a ser comuns nos revestimentos asfálticos, logo após a abertura ao tráfego, é o trincamento que inicia no topo da camada e se propaga para baixo, denominado top-down cracking (TDC). Sabe-se que este trincamento é uma manifestação da ruptura por cisalhamento. Neste sentido, este trabalho visa avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento de misturas asfálticas em laboratório, a partir da mudança da curva granulométrica. Para isso, foram analisadas duas misturas com ligante convencional CAP 50/70, sendo uma com curva granulométrica densa graúda e outra densa miúda, de acordo com a metodologia Bailey. Foram realizados ensaios de compressão triaxial a 35 e a 45°C em corpos de prova de 100 mm de diâmetro e ~188 mm de altura, os quais foram moldados no compactador giratório. A partir disso, obtiveram-se dados de coesão e de ângulo de atrito das misturas estudadas. Foi verificado que, como era de se esperar, aumentando-se a temperatura de ensaio, reduz-se a coesão de ambas as misturas. Na mistura graúda a coesão passou de 784 para 307 kPa e na mistura miúda de 838 para 401 kPa. Além disso, os resultados indicam que o ângulo de atrito da mistura graúda é maior, como se esperava, e a coesão é menor. Comparando a resistência ao cisalhamento da mistura graúda com as tensões cisalhantes geradas no revestimento de estruturas de pavimentos modeladas no software de elementos finitos Abaqus, foi verificado que as tensões são superiores. Porém não é possível afirmar que não haveria manifestação de TDC nas condições climáticas e carregamento empregados na análise. / The increasing of load transported by trucks and the use of radial tires have contributed for early asphalt pavements failure. One of the distresses that has been frequent in asphalt layers, shortly after opening to traffic, is the cracking that begins at the top of the pavement and propagates down, named top-down cracking (TDC). It is known that this cracking mode can be related to shear failure. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the asphalt mixtures shear strength in a laboratory, from the size distribution change. For this, two mixtures with conventional binder were analyzed, both have dense size distribution, but one coarse-graded and the other fine-graded, following the Bailey method. Triaxial compression test were conducted at 35 and 45°C in specimens with diameter of 100 mm and height of ~188 mm, which were prepared in a gyratory compactor. From this investigation, data for cohesion and friction angle of the studied mixtures were obtained. It was found that, as expected, increasing the test temperature, reduces the cohesion of both mixtures. In the coarse-graded mixture the cohesion reduced from 784 to 307 kPa and fine-graded from 838 to 401 kPa. Furthermore, the results indicate that the coarse mixture friction angle is greater, as expected, and cohesion is smallest. Comparing the coarse mixture shear strength with the shear stresses generated in the coating of pavement structure modeled in the finite element software Abaqus, it was verified that the stress are higher. However it is not possible to assert that there was no manifestation of TDC for the climatic conditions and load proposed in the analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:47:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HELEN_MARINHO_PICANCO.pdf: 1695689 bytes, checksum: 6aff76ed83a5fe7c8effe2a87eed889f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The study in question presents an alternative to improve the technical characteristics of the clay soil representative of the city of Manaus, the addition of waste from the production of ceramic bricks, from the potteries of Iranduba - Amazonas. Therefore we performed: a) characterization of natural soil and crushed ceramic waste, encompassing particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, density of solids compaction test and b) soil mineralogical characterization of natural and ceramic waste through analysis by diffraction x-ray (XRD), and c) evaluate the mechanical behavior of natural soil sample and soil-aggregate mixture through the trials Simple compressive Strength (RCS) module and Resilience (MR). The results regarding the soil-residue mixture showed that (a) the larger the particle size the greater the residue compressive strength of the mixture, (b) the addition of industrial byproduct tends to soil generally, to reduce the modulus of resilience of mixture, (c) the soilceramic waste showed satisfactory results regarding the mechanical performance, allusive to natural soil, (d) considering the large amount of waste generated currently in production of ceramic bricks, one can conclude that this residue has potential as aggregate alternative in improving soils with low bearing capacity. / O trabalho em pauta apresenta uma alternativa de melhoramento das características técnicas do solo argiloso representativo da cidade de Manaus, pela adição de resíduos da produção de tijolo cerâmico, oriundos das olarias de Iranduba-Amazonas. Para tanto foi realizada: a) caracterização do solo natural e do resíduo cerâmico moído, englobando análise granulométrica, limites de consistência, massa específica dos sólidos e ensaio de compactação; b) caracterização mineralógica do solo natural e do resíduo cerâmico mediante análise por difratometria de raios x e c) avaliação do comportamento mecânico da amostra de solo natural e da mistura solo-agregado, por meio dos ensaios de Resistência à Compressão Simples (RCS) e Módulo de Resiliência (MR). Os resultados referentes à mistura solo-resíduo mostraram que (a) quanto maior a granulometria do resíduo maior é Resistência à Compressão Simples da mistura; (b) o acréscimo do subproduto industrial ao solo tende, em geral, a reduzir o Módulo de Resiliência da mistura; (c) as misturas solo-resíduo cerâmico apresentaram resultado satisfatório quanto ao desempenho mecânico, alusivo ao solo natural; (d) considerando a grande quantidade de resíduos gerados atualmente na produção de tijolos cerâmicos, pode-se concluir que este resíduo apresenta potencial como agregado alternativo na melhoria de solos com baixa capacidade de suporte.

Au cours de la phase de préformage, le renfort sec peut être soumis à plusieurs déformations : la tension, le cisaillement mais aussi la compression. Si les deux premières déformations ont été bien explorées dans plusieurs études ces dernières années, ce n’est pas le cas de la compression. Pourtant, ce type de déformation affecte de manière importante la perméabilité du renfort lors de l’injection de la résine, car il change la porosité du renfort tant au niveau de la forme qu’au niveau de la dimension. La présente thèse propose d’étudier le comportement du renfort en compression et l’influence de cette déformation sur la perméabilité. Pour cela, des essais de compression sont menés pour étudier l’impact de la compaction sur la déformation globale du renfort ainsi que des différents facteurs susceptibles de l’affecter. Parallèle aux essais expérimentaux, des simulations numériques à l’échelle mésoscopique par éléments finis ont été mises en place. Les simulations réalisées sont validées à partir des essais mécaniques. Les géométries déformées obtenues par les simulations mécaniques ont été ensuite traitées par une chaîne de maillage pour l’obtention d’un maillage 3D régulière d’un VER fluide. La prédiction de la perméabilité du renfort tissé est réalisée en résolvant les équations de Stokes et Brinkman et l’utilisation de l’homogénéisation sur le maillage décrit précédemment / During the preforming phase, the dry reinforcement may be subjected to several deformations: tension, shear, but also compression. If two first déformations have been well explored in several studies in recent years, this is not the case of compression. However, this type of deformation significantly affects the permeability of the reinforcement during resin injection because it changes the porosity of the reinforcement both in form and in terms of size. This thesis proposes to study the behavior of the reinforcement in compression and the influence of this deformation on the permeability. For this purpose, compression tests are conducted to study the impact of compaction on the overall deformation of the reinforcement and the various factors that may affect it. Parallel to the experimental study, finite element based numerical simulations at the mesoscopic scale was implemented. The simulations are validated by the mechanical tests. The deformed geometry obtained by the mechanical simulations was then processed by a meshing chain to obtain a 3D regular mesh of the RVE fluid. The prediction of the permeability of the woven reinforcement is achieved by solving the Stokes and Brinkman equations and by using the homogenization on the grid mentioned above.

This thesis deals with designing shape modifications of a toecap used in Honeywell brand safety shoes. The thesis shows algorithm of compression test and impact test FEA in ANSYS software. The toecap was divided into areas according to von-Misses stress. Several modifications were made in all areas separately, according to design of experiments. Best of the modifications were combined together and two best combinations selected. The goals were verified by experimental testing of manufactured toecaps. The results were even a little bit better than simulations.

Adipose tissue, also known as fat tissue are the lipid filled cells with various functions such as, shock absorber, energy storage, and thermal insulation. In this study, the impact of compressive stress at the microstructural level on the porcine abdominal adipose tissue is analyzed under different strain rates of 0.1%, 1%, and 10%. The compressed tissues were fixed in formalin followed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, which were further analyzed at the cellular level using an optical microscope. The preliminary results showed a linear relationship between stress and strain up to 20% strain amplitude. Additionally, the stiffness of the fat tissue was observed to increase with the increase in loading rate. The non-linearity behavior of the adipose tissue and its effects on the cellular level will be studied to understand the mechanical response of fat tissue and its ability to mitigate and absorb energy from low to high strain rate.

The hot working behavior of AISI 1018 steel was studied by hot-compression deformation tests on the Gleeble 1500 thermo-mechanical simulator at true strain values of -0.143 and -0.405, true strain rate values of 0.01 and 0.1, and working temperatures of 900°C and 1000°C. The tests show that a lower working temperature and lower true strain value results in a greater maximum compressive force. The apparent activation energy Qapp was calculated by using the Zener-Hollomon parameter combined with the low stress law. Qapp ­was calculated to be 311 kJ mol-1 K-1.

No description available.

This thesis originated as a part of the PhD research carried out by Mgr. Radek Suchomel. To calibrate a hypoplastic model for granular materials a large number of laboratory tests was needed and a part of the testing constitutes the present thesis. The hypoplastic model by von Wolffersdorff (1996) has eight materials parameters. The critical state fiction angle φc', which was obtained directly by the measurement of the angle of repose, is one of the eight parameters. Other parameters are determined form the results of experiments and empirically. Aim of this thesis was to carry out field and laboratory tests, to determine selected soil properties and to interpret them with regard to the variability of the soil in the selected face of the sand pit. The material for investigation comes from the south part of the Cretaceous Třeboň Basin in the South Bohemia from the Kolný sand pit. The pit is located in the upper part of the Klikov layers. The fluvial layers are characterised by rhythmical variation of gravely sands, sands and sands with dark grey clayey inclusion. Samples were taken in the face of the sand pit with the dimensions of 9 x 36 m. The following tests were performed: drained triaxial compression test (38 samples), oedometric compression test (38 samples), measurement of the angle of repose...

Esta tese trata do desenvolvimento de um laboratório remoto didático para estudos na área da Conformação Mecânica, chamado de Laboratório Online de Conformação Mecânica (LABCONM), o qual visa proporcionar a aprendizagem da Conformação Mecânica usando experimentos reais operados remotamente. Este laboratório é formado por duas partes principais: A primeira parte é um Sistema de Gerenciamento de Aprendizagem (SGA) contendo todos os menus, atividades e tarefas, agenda e painel de acesso e controle aos experimentos. A segunda parte é a parte física, ou seja, o experimento remoto, que nesta primeira versão do LABCONM é a “Máquina Didática Teleoperada de Ensaio de Compressão” (MDTEC). No painel de controle da MDTEC o estudante controla e visualiza remotamente um ensaio de compressão real e exporta os dados. Uma atividade de aprendizagem experimental foi desenvolvida para guiar os estudantes na busca da solução do problema, gerando assim a aprendizagem da curva de escoamento. Para validar o laboratório, foram feitos dois tipos de testes: O primeiro é funcional e técnico, que analisa os resultados do experimento remoto, avaliando a similaridade e a repetibilidade para fins didáticos. E o segundo teste é uma validação acadêmica, que foi dividida em duas partes. A primeira, foi direta, e feita por um grupo de estudantes da disciplina de Conformação Mecânica, onde responderam questionários após uso do laboratório. A segunda etapa foi indireta, feita pela comparação das notas da prova entre os estudantes que "usaram" com aqueles que "não usaram" o laboratório, visando obter a influência do uso do laboratório na aprendizagem. Os resultados dos testes técnicos e funcionais mostram que a MDTEC é um experimento que tem condições de realizar ensaios de compressão reais, fornecendo dados com boa repetibilidade para levantamento de curvas de escoamento. Na avaliação dos estudantes o LABCONM demonstrou ter cumprido com o objetivo de ensino aprendizagem. Em relação à avaliação da prova aplicada com ambos os grupos de estudantes com e sem acesso ao LABCONM, observou-se que houve uma influencia positiva nos resultados da turma que acessou o laboratório, visto que nenhum destes estudantes do grupo teve nota insatisfatória no exercício de cálculo. / This thesis deals with the development of a remote didactic laboratory for studies in the area of Metal Forming, called the Online Laboratory of Metal Forming (LABCONM), which aims to provide the learning of the Metal Forming using real remotely operated experiments. This lab consists of two main parts: The first part is a Learning Management System (SGA) containing all the menus, activities and tasks, agenda and access panel and control to the experiments. The second part is the physical part, that is, the remote experiment, which in this first version of LABCONM is the "Teleoperated Testing Machine for Compression Testing" (MDTEC). In the MDTEC control panel the student remotely controls and visualizes a real compression test and exports the data. An experimental learning activity was developed to guide the students in the search of the solution of the problem, thus generating learning the flow curve. To validate the laboratory, two types of tests were performed: The first one is functional and technical, which analyzes the results of the remote experiment, evaluating similarity and repeatability for didactic purposes. And the second test is an academic validation, which was divided into two parts. The first one was direct, and made by a group of students of the discipline of Mechanical Conformation, where they answered questionnaires after using the laboratory. The second stage was indirect, made by comparing test scores among students who "used" those who "did not use" the laboratory, in order to obtain the influence of the use of the laboratory in learning. The results of the technical and functional tests show that the MDTEC is an experiment that is able to perform real compression tests, providing data with good repeatability for survey of flow curves. In the evaluation of the students the LABCONM has demonstrated to have fulfilled with the objective of teaching-learning. Regarding the evaluation of the test applied with both groups of students with and without access to LABCONM, it was observed that there was a positive influence on the results of the group that visited the laboratory, since none of these students of the group had an unsatisfactory grade in the calculation.

The thermal conductivities of foamed polymer based materials are much lower thermal conductivity values than unfoamed polymeric materials. Especially, thermal conductivity values of foamed polymers with closed-cell structure decreases to 0.03 W/m.K. The reinforcement of foamed polymeric materials by mixing with bitumen lowers the raw material cost. The main objective of this study is to make a new thermal insulation material with low thermal conductance. In this study, the effects of concentration of calcium carbonate as inorganic filler and the effects of cross-linking on the properties foamed and unfoamed ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer based bituminous blends and composites were investigated. Applications such as thermal, mechanical characteristics of foamed and unfoamed EVA based bituminous composites were investigated. Foamed EVA based bituminous composites were prepared by using Brabender Plastic Coder, PLV 151. Mixing was made at 120 &ordm / C at 60 rpm for 15 minutes. The prepared blends were molded by a technique called Hand Lay-up Self-expanding Batch Molding (HLUSEBM) which was firstly applied by our group. The molding temperature was 170 &ordm / C at which chemical blowing agent and cross-linking agent decomposes. According to test results, at moderate chemical blowing agent and EVA content, the best closed-cell structure with high porosity and low thermal conductivity values were obtained. The compressive properties of foamed polymer based bituminous composites (FPBBCs) increase with increasing CBA and EVA content. With increasing calcium carbonate and EVA concentration, the porosity of FPBBCs increases but thermal conductivity of them decreases. On the other hand, with increasing filler content but with decreasing EVA concentration elastic modulus of FPBBCs increases but elastic recovery decreases.