近年來，「訴訟外紛爭解決制度」（Alternative Dispute Resolution，ADR）被認為具有調和傳統社會觀念與現代法律之功能，在勞資爭議事件中，ADR制度尤為重要，係因調整事項勞資爭議並無法用訴訟途徑解決，若是遇到協商僵局時，傳統上僅能用爭議行為來進行實力對抗，以尋求新的團體協約之簽訂，而調解與仲裁制度，能夠帶來不同的爭議處理途徑，以避免爭議權之行使所帶來的負面效應。但勞資爭議處理法制中的調解與仲裁制度，既然最終目的係簽訂新的團體協約，原則上程序之開始應以雙方之合意為主，而現行我國法制乃至於ILO之意見及世界各國立法例，均有所謂強制仲裁與強制調解之制度存在。行政機關得以職權發動仲裁或調解使雙方進入程序，次藉由和平義務的維持而使勞資雙方重行進入談判桌，乃至於無法行使爭議權之合理性何在？我國制度設計上是否合理？此乃本文所欲討論之重點。 藉由比較我國與 ILO 之文獻、澳洲與新加坡立法例後，本研究發 現：（ 現：（ 1）於我國法制中，可能妨礙到爭議權之行使者應以強仲裁為主而 ILO 近年來對於行政機關介入勞資爭議，以強制仲裁與妨礙結社自由間所劃出 的界線即為定「必要服務行業 」之範圍，界定標準乃是「爭議行為使將 對於生命、人身安全健康或是整體個財產法益立即危險」甚為具體；反觀我國勞資爭議處理法中發動強制仲裁之條件並不盡想、明確。（ 體；反觀我國勞資爭議處理法中發動強制仲裁之條件並不盡想、明確。（ 2） 現行法中有部分強制仲裁的立甚為不當，並符合 ADR 之理論與功能，依據 ILO 之標準，亦有妨礙結社自由的可能性。（ 之標準，亦有妨礙結社自由的可能性。（ 3）雖不宜全面引進，但澳洲與新 加坡的立法例，應對我國勞資爭議處理制能有所啟發；由其是在調解度上，該制度為我國解決勞資爭議的主力本文建賦予程序更強能 / The purpose of this study was to investigate compulsory arbitration and mandatory mediation in the Act for Settlement of Labor -Management Disputes. Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) was considered to have a function reconcile the traditional and modern concept of the laws society. ADR system was particularly important in incident of the labor disputes, because these disputes interest cannot be solved by litigation. When negotiations have reached an impasse, however, a strike may make difference by collective arbitration and mediation avoid the side effect by act of right to dispute. But administrative organization may apply compulsory arbitration and mandatory mediation to make both parties to reach the mutual agreemen t, or put out the negotiation between an employer and trade union. The major topic of this study would be the evaluation of ADR system design. Compared to the ILO’s publications, ACT from Australia and Singapore, this study found that : (1) Compulsory arbi tration may impede freedom of association. ILO,in recent years, the executive intervention for labor disputes to compulsory arbitration and hinder freedom of association between the boundary is drawn to define scope of "essential services ", defined in the standard but " life, personal safety, health or property " very specific; instead that our approach in labor disputes to compulsory arbitration of conditions to launch, on the other hand, was not quite explicit. (2) Current law in the legisl ative part of the compulsory arbitration was very inappropriate and not incompatible theory of the ADR, in accordance with standards of the ILO, also hinder possibility freedom of association. (3) Legislation Australia and Singapore should bring some inspiration to our legal system, especially, mandatory mediation should be main strength of the system to resolve the labor disputes. It is suggested that ADR program should be empowered to provide the suggestion of this matter.

I förevarande uppsats behandlas frågor i gränslandet mellan processrätt och associationsrätt, närmare bestämt den processform som stipuleras för tvister med anledning av inlösen av minoritetsaktier. Av hävdvunnen princip ska inlösentvister slitas genom ett legalt skiljeförfarande som första instans. Givet att stadganden om legala skiljeförfaranden i dag utgör en tämligen sällsynt företeelse i svensk rätt, samt mot bakgrund av den starka presumtion mot specialfora som råder, är det följaktligen av intresse att diskutera ifrågavarande tvistemålsreglerings ändamålsenlighet. Syftet med uppsatsen är således att dels analysera ändamålsenligheten av ett legalt skiljeförfarande som primär tvistlösningsform vid inlösen av minoritetsaktier, dels att presentera några synpunkter avseende regleringens utformning de lege ferenda.      I analysen avseende regleringens ändamålsenlighet behandlas initialt de argument lagstiftaren lyft fram som avgörande vid valet av tvistlösningsform. Analysen visar att dessa argument inte är särdeles välgrundade i bemärkelsen att de inte självständigt kan motivera den processuella särreglering som stadgas för inlösentvister. Vidare uppmärksammas flera andra rättsliga och praktiska problem som kan uppstå i samband med att tvisten ska prövas av skiljemän i stället för allmän domstol, såsom hinder för verkställighet av skiljedomen utomlands. Den övergripande slutsatsen av analysen är att ändamålsenligheten av det legala skiljeförfarandet vid inlösen av minoritetsaktier med fog kan ifrågasättas.      Beträffande tvistlösningsregleringens utformning de lege ferenda, presenteras i uppsatsen två förslag till lagändringar. Det första förslaget utgår från ett fakultativt legalt skiljeförfarande. Sålunda presumeras alltjämt skiljeförfarande som primär processform, men kompletteras med möjligheten till föreskrift i bolagsordningen att tvisten ska prövas i allmän domstol. Det andra förslaget tar avstamp i en form av självreglering, där allmän domstol som huvudregel är behörig att ta upp talan. Undantag härifrån kan göras genom föreskrift i bolagsordningen vari stadgas att tvisten i stället ska prövas av skiljemän. En sådan föreskrift har samma verkan som ett skiljeavtal.      Sammanfattningsvis och i ljuset av de slutsatser som presenteras, påvisar uppsatsen att det finns skäl att se över och ändra nuvarande särreglering med legalt skiljeförfarande som tvistlösningsform vid inlösen av minoritetsaktier. / The thesis addresses issues regarding procedural law and the right of association, more specifically, the proceedings in disputes regarding buy-out of minority shareholders. By tradition, buy-out disputes shall be submitted for arbitration. Since compulsory arbitration is a rather rare phenomenon in modern Swedish law, and in consideration of the prevailing presumption against special fora, it is of interest to discuss the appropriateness of this special legislation. Thus, the purpose of the thesis is to analyse the appropriateness of compulsory arbitration as the primary form of dispute resolution in case of a buy-out of minority shareholders, and to present some comments concerning the legislation de lege ferenda.      In the analysis regarding the appropriateness of the legislation, the arguments put forward by the legislator as crucial when determining the form of dispute resolution, are addressed initially. The analysis suggests that these arguments independently cannot warrant the special legislation stipulated for buy-out disputes. Furthermore, several other legal and practical problems that may arise in connection with having the dispute settled by arbitrators instead of a general court are brought to attention, exempli gratia the impediment to enforcement of arbitral awards in a foreign country. Overall, the analysis leads to the conclusion that the appropriateness of compulsory arbitration in case of a buy-out of minority shareholders can be questioned.      As to the dispute resolution legislation de lege ferenda, two legislative proposals are presented in the thesis. The first proposal promotes a non-compulsory arbitration. Hence, arbitration would still be the primary form of dispute resolution but supplemented with the option of prescribing in the articles of association of the company that the dispute shall be settled by a general court. The second proposal stipulates a sort of self-regulation, whereby the parties, as a general rule, can bring the action before a general court. Exception from the general rule can be made by a provision in the articles of association prescribing that the dispute shall be settled by arbitrators. Such provision would have the same force as an arbitration agreement.      In summary, and in the light of the conclusions presented, the thesis implies that there are reasons to review and change the present special legislation with compulsory arbitration stipulated for disputes in case of a buy-out of minority shareholders.

A critical and in-depth discussion of the powers of the labour court to review arbitration awards of the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration, the application of the author's findings relating to common-law, legislation and case law and a critical analysis thereof. Special reference is made to the provisions of sections 145 and 158(1)(g) of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 including, in particular, the alternative application thereof in practice and scope for improvement in order to address potential prejudice to parties occasioned by the compulsory nature of (certain) dispute resolutions. This thesis incorporates a comparative study of the British and German labour law systems with reference to the relevant appeal and/or review procedures (as applied in their tribunals/courts), together with a discussion and application of certain other provisions relevant to South Africa labour law. / Jurisprudence / LL.M

A critical and in-depth discussion of the powers of the labour court to review arbitration awards of the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration, the application of the author's findings relating to common-law, legislation and case law and a critical analysis thereof. Special reference is made to the provisions of sections 145 and 158(1)(g) of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 including, in particular, the alternative application thereof in practice and scope for improvement in order to address potential prejudice to parties occasioned by the compulsory nature of (certain) dispute resolutions. This thesis incorporates a comparative study of the British and German labour law systems with reference to the relevant appeal and/or review procedures (as applied in their tribunals/courts), together with a discussion and application of certain other provisions relevant to South Africa labour law. / Jurisprudence / LL.M