Under the 1956 Labour relations Act, parties who were dissatisfied with decisions of the then Industrial Court, could appeal to the old Labour Appeal Court, and then if still further unhappiness persists, to the former Appellate Division. Such appeals entailed placing before the court the complete record of the Industrial Court, and requesting it to decide if on the evidence, it would have come to the same conclusion. Sometimes the courts of appeal decide that they would, sometimes that they would not. When planning the new Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995, the Cheadle Commission decided that this process was too slow, too technical, too cumbersome and too expansive. So it recommended that, at least in the case of the most common disputes, the issues should be decided quickly, informally and finally by arbitration. Unless the parties agree to private arbitration under the Arbitration Act, 42 of 1956, the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation & Arbitration (CCMA) would supply the arbitrators, who would exercise their powers, not under agreed terms of reference, but under the LRA itself. Like private arbitrators, those of the CCMA are also meant to dispose of matters with a minimum of legal formalities (see section 138(1) of the LRA). But the drafters of the LRA did not mean to insulate arbitration awards entirely from the watchful eye of the Labour Court. They therefore specifically provided for review of CCMA arbitrations awards in section 145, but they also gave general powers of review in section 158(1)(g) respectively of the LRA. As if the jurisdictional puzzle created by the LRA was not complex enough, the legislature added the Promotion of Justice Act 3 of 2000. It is an attempt to give expression to the constitutional right of fair labour practices and the constitutional standard of lawfulness and rationality. If section 145 limits the grounds on which commissioners’ actions can be reviewed, or if that section cannot be interpreted to reconcile it with the PAJA, it may well be that section 145 cannot pass constitutional muster - unless that section constitutes a limitation compliant with section 36 of the Constitution. That would be for the Constitutional court to decide.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-27T16:41:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandrabeloassissilva.pdf: 3144507 bytes, checksum: 16bd4647ccb85045c6a4a20fa46ac51c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-28T10:48:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandrabeloassissilva.pdf: 3144507 bytes, checksum: 16bd4647ccb85045c6a4a20fa46ac51c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-28T10:48:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandrabeloassissilva.pdf: 3144507 bytes, checksum: 16bd4647ccb85045c6a4a20fa46ac51c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-04 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo busca compreender como os trabalhadores têxteis de Juiz de Fora lutaram por direitos junto à Justiça do Trabalho nos anos 1950, sobretudo quando atingidos pelos efeitos do processo de modernização da estrutura produtiva que se verifica em algumas fábricas têxteis da cidade. Analisa-se, ainda, a postura dos trabalhadores em relação a outros dispositivos utilizados pelo empresariado visando à redução dos custos associados à folha de salários, mesmo que não diretamente ligados à modernização do processo produtivo. Aborda-se, ainda, em certos casos, a posição do judiciário, na tentativa de compreender em que circunstâncias as sentenças são favoráveis a um ou outro lado. / This study seeks to understand how the Juiz de Fora’s textile workers fought for rights by the Labour Court in the 1950s, especially when hit by the effects of the productive structure’s process of modernization that exists in some textile mills in the city. It also analyzes the posture of workers in relation to other devices used by the business in order to reduce the costs associated with payroll, even if not directly linked to the restructuring of the production process. Is approached, although in some cases the position of the judiciary in an attempt to understand the circumstances in which the sentences are favorable to either side.

Magister Legum - LLM / In the history of labour relations, trade unions have played a major role in protecting the rights of employees and improving their working conditions. They have defended their members against exploitation by employers. They have promoted the establishment of labour legislation, which in some countries is quite comprehensive. They represent the interests of employees in the collective bargaining process. Albertyn describes trade unions as"institutions which advance democracy, co-operation, peaceful resolution of disputes and nonviolent negotiation (and which) are intrinsically worth preserving and protecting".' It is selfevident that a trade union needs strength to achieve these purposes. However, trade unions areweakened by the fact that it is not only union members who enjoy the benefits of their achievements, since non-members do the same and some employees thus try to avoid the burdens of trade union membership. It is therefore understandable that trade unions attempt to decrease the numbers of these so-called "free riders". Besides the pressure that can be brought to bear by fellow employees in the workplace, union security arrangements, such as the closed shop or the agency shop, represent another traditional method of strengthening trade unions. The free rider problem, however, is only one of many arguments used in the debate by those who support the establishment of closed shops.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ocelio de Jesus Carneiro de Morais.pdf: 1271604 bytes, checksum: 05204ba8098aa352bd4776e0378d97eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-17 / The main purpose of our thesis is to prove that the jurisdiction of the Justice Federal Labour of the causes, arising from labor relations, in the face of General and Private Schemes Closed Pension Fund, is a criterion of effectiveness of fundamental social right to Social Security. Our reasons are the result of legal issues impacting on labor jurisdiction and the lives of workers. For example, the formal declaration, but not the fundamental right to effective security, corresponds to the absence of law, recognition that something needs to be changed and made to ensure the full enjoyment of this right. At the same time, the mere formal declaration of the law, critically denounces that the means chosen previously for this purpose have not correspondid. In the context of judicial review, this has occurred with the social right to welfare derived from the employment relationship. We consider as the main hypothesis that formalism, the burden and excessive delays typical of ordinary court - defended by neoliberal constitutionalism causes against the Closed Pension Scheme - are obstacles that prevent the employee from having access to justice, his right remaining ineffective. Another hypothesis is that, from the standpoint of the internal unity of the constitutional system, is not correct to attribute to ordinary jurisdiction to take derivative pension whose cause of action is the working relationship, when this (the same constitutional system) is the nucleus of material competence of JT. Our thesis also raises under question on set up a joint competence or not and teleological own antinomies between paragraph 2, art. Amendment Nº. 202 of 20/98 and art. 114, Sections I, VIII and IX of Amendment Nº. 45/04. Given this, our thesis argues that the rule in paragraph 2, art. Amendment No. 202 of 20/98, can not deny us the right to think critically about this issue, nor can it prevent us from presenting new legal elements that prove unsustainable in the face of the rule of art. 114, Sections I, VIII and IX of Amendment Nº. 45/04. That´s why is because the fundamental right to security arising from employment relationships asks effectiveness - the main practical result to be achieved. For this, the thesis argues that appropriate measures are required to leave the rhetoric to reality. It is the function of binding and immediate fundamental right that requires adaptation of the accrual to the nature of matter. ito crucial that requires the accrual basis of suitability to the nature of matter. For this, the thesis argues that this regime is the Labour Court. After all, the aspect of our model Should be shielded from law changes, except when it represents retrogression. That crucial to requires the accrual basis of suitability to the nature of matter. This scheme is the Labour Court. After all, the aspect of our model Should be shielded from law changes, except when it represents retrogression. The normative character composes the theoretical aspects of our thesis, complemented by the principles that illuminate methodologically systematic interpretation and application of the thesis. This is because the principles of simplicity, not burden, overlapping objective order, judicial economy, boost ex-officio of the process and speed are typical of JT, constitutionally shaped the actions arising from the relations of human labor, its controversies and disputes derived from their own decisions, regardless of legal status of the respondent. Finally, our thesis is presented as an effective judicial means to preserve the principle of unity of jurisdiction it all interest and effects arising legal, procedural and social brazilian society, which are the results / O objetivo principal de nossa tese é comprovar que a competência da Justiça do Trabalho às causas trabalhista-previdenciária, decorrentes das relações de trabalho, em face dos Regimes Geral e Privado Fechado de Previdência, é critério de efetividade do direito social fundamental à Previdência. Nossas justificativas decorrem de questões jurídicas com repercussões na jurisdição trabalhista e na vida do trabalhador. Por exemplo, a declaração formal, mas não efetiva do direito fundamental à previdência, corresponde à inexistência de direito, reconhecimento de que algo precisa ser mudado e feito para assegurar o gozo pleno desse direito. Ao mesmo tempo, a mera declaração formal do direito, denuncia criticamente que os meios escolhidos até então para esse fim não têm correspondido. No contexto da tutela jurisdicional, isso tem ocorrido com o direito social à previdência oriundo da relação de trabalho. Consideramos, como hipótese principal que o formalismo, a onerosidade e a excessiva morosidade típicos da jurisdição comum defendidos pelo constitucionalismo neoliberal para causas contra o Regime Fechado de previdência são obstáculos que impedem o trabalhador de ter acesso à Justiça, restando ineficaz o seu direito. Outra hipótese é que, do ponto de vista da unidade interna do sistema constitucional, não é correto atribuir à jurisdição comum o exame de derivado previdenciário cuja causa de pedir é a relação de trabalho, quando essa (pelo mesmo sistema constitucional) é o núcleo básico da competência material da JT. Nossa tese, coloca também sob questionamento se a competência comum configura ou não antinomias própria e teleológica entre o parágrafo 2º, art. 202 da EC nº 20/98 e o art. 114, incisos I, VIII e IX da EC nº 45/04. Diante disso, nossa tese sustenta que a regra no parágrafo 2º, art. 202 da EC nº 20/98, não pode negar-nos o direito de pensar criticamente essa questão, nem pode impedir-nos de apresentar novos elementos jurídicos que comprovem a insubsistência daquela regra em face do art. 114, incisos I, VIII e IX da EC nº 45/04. Isso porque o direito fundamental à previdência decorrente das relações empregatícias pede efetividade principal resultado prático que se pretende alcançar. Para isso, a tese defende que são necessários meios adequados para sair da retórica para realidade concreta. É a função vinculante e imediata desse direito fundamental que exige adequação do regime de competência à natureza da matéria. A tese sustenta que este regime é o da Justiça do Trabalho. Afinal, nenhum aspecto de nosso modelo de jurisdição deve ser blindado às mudanças, salvo quando representa retrocesso. O caráter normativo compõe os aspectos teóricos da nossa tese, complementado pelos princípios, que iluminam metodologicamente a sistemática interpretação e aplicação da tese. Isso porque os princípios da simplicidade, não onerosidade, cumulação objetiva de pedidos, economia processual, impulso ex-officio do processo e celeridade são típicos da Justiça do Trabalho, constitucionalmente formatada às ações decorrentes das relações de trabalho humano, às suas controvérsias e litígios derivados de suas próprias decisões, independentemente do status jurídico da parte demandada. Por fim, nossa tese apresenta-se como um meio jurisdicional eficaz para preservar o princípio da unidade da jurisdição disso tudo advindo o seu interesse e efeitos jurídico, processual e social para a sociedade brasileira, que são os resultados obtidos

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Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-17T16:35:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RLacerda.pdf: 1145547 bytes, checksum: 5a049709a82ffa1f4cd2ffb047dc4b11 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T18:13:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RLacerda.pdf: 1145547 bytes, checksum: 5a049709a82ffa1f4cd2ffb047dc4b11 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T18:13:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RLacerda.pdf: 1145547 bytes, checksum: 5a049709a82ffa1f4cd2ffb047dc4b11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / A presente dissertação tem como objeto de estudo o controle de políticas públicas pela Justiça do Trabalho possuindo como marco jurídico a tutela de direitos fundamentais na Constituição Federal de 1988 além da análise dos pontos mais polêmicos suscitados nas discussões acerca da competência da Justiça Especializada e das hipóteses de cabimento deste controle. Os problemas a serem respondidos portanto são atinentes à admissibilidade da sindicabilidade dos atos administrativos e fundamentos sob os quais esta interferência do Poder Judiciário é realizada bem como sobre a competência da Justiça do Trabalho para apreciação e julgamento de demandas coletivas que têm por desiderato a concretização do princípio do valor social do trabalho. O estudo perpassa necessariamente pelos argumentos contrários ao controle judicial de políticas públicas e sua crítica com especial destaque para a teoria da reserva do possível. Como corolário das ideias sustentadas também há discussão sobre os instrumentos processuais aptos para pleitear judicialmente a implementação de políticas públicas na Justiça do Trabalho e como o Ministério Público do Trabalho tem atuado para efetivação destes direitos e interesses. O item mais relevante da pesquisa encontra-se no capítulo que estabelece quais as hipóteses de cabimento deste controle sem a pretensão de esgotar o assunto e nem de elencar numerus clausus as matérias que podem ser objeto de apreciação e julgamento pela Justiça Especializada. As metodologias utilizadas precipuamente foram a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental. / Salvador

An overview is given of the difficulties surrounding the concurrent jurisdiction of the Labour Court and High Court The main categories of the jurisdictional dispute are identified and systemised. The main branches are those of statutory overlap and interpretation of statutes. Statutory overlap concerns matters remaining from the industrial court era, urgent applications, delict and law of contract. Statutory interpretation mainly involves the interpretation of provisions in the Bill of Rights of the Constitution. An overview of the principles of jurisdiction with respect to the different courts, as well as a brief historical review of the development of such jurisdiction is given. Particular attention is given to the role of fundamental rights in the Constitution. Broad principles are identified whereby the difficulties may be addressed.

Flashmob-Aktionen im Arbeitskampf berühren den weiten Schutzbereich des Rechts am eingerichteten und ausgeübten Gewerbebetrieb. Diese Dissertation stellt Gesichtspunkte zur rechtlichen Bewertung des Einsatzes atypischer Arbeitskampfmittel vor, die den Gewerbeschutz komplettieren sollen. Ein Eingriff in das Recht am Gewerbebetrieb wird angenommen, wenn das beeinträchtigende Verhalten betriebsbezogen ist, eine erheblichen Schadensgefahr beinhaltet und keine bloße Bagatell-Beeinträchtigung ist. Die Rechtfertigung des Eingriffs erfordert eine Interessenabwägung. Als Rahmen der Abwägung empfiehlt die Arbeit folgende Punkte: 1. Welchen Bereich der gewerblichen Tätigkeit betrifft die Arbeitskampfaktion? 2. Handelt es sich um eine plötzliche, nicht-existenzielle Beeinträchtigung des Betriebsablaufes? 3. Welche Qualität und Quantität weist die Beeinträchtigung auf? 4. Welche finanziellen Nachteile sind infolge der Arbeitskampfaktion nachweisbar? Flashmob-Aktionen im Arbeitskampf sind das koordinierte, von Außen unvorhersehbare Tun einer Personenmehrzahl zur Verfolgung tariflicher Zwecke im räumlichen Umfeld eines Betriebes. Das BAG beurteilte Flashmob-Aktionen in seinem Urteil aus dem Jahr 2009 nicht als generell rechtswidrig. Diese Sichtweise bestätigte das BVerfG im Jahr 2014 auf eine Urteilsverfassungsbeschwerde hin. Die Bearbeitung stellt die zentralen Entscheidungsgesichtspunkte des BAG dar und prüft ihre Validität bei der Einordnung und Bewertung atypischer Arbeitskampfmittel. Zu ihnen zählen die Ausformung des Schutzbereichs der Koalitionsfreiheit, die Freiheit der Kampfmittelwahl, der Verhältnismäßigkeitsgrundsatz und die Parität. Die Dissertation erörtert ferner die Historie und Motivation der Nutzung atypischer Arbeitskampfmittel und setzt diese mit Konzepten des Organizings in Beziehung. Weiterhin stellt die Arbeit die jüngere Rechtsprechung nationaler sowie europäischer Gerichte zu atypischen Kampfmitteln dar. / Atypical industrial action like flashmobs challenge business-owners'' long-established „Recht am eingerichteten und ausgeübten Gewerbebetrieb“ - a case-law based institute in German tort law that protects against interferences with individual and coporate economic activity. The book aims at refining the means to evaluate impairments of the „Recht am eingerichteten und ausgeübten Gewerbebetrieb“ in such cases. Up until now, interferences only qualified as such, if they were sufficiently related to the economic activity of the business, posed a relevant financial threat to it and did not qualify as bagatelles - as is usually the case during strikes. The further qualification of the interference as a breach requires a balancing of the opposing legal and factual positions. The following questions are designed to adjust the balancing-process across different scenarios of atypical industrial action: 1. Which part of business-activity is being affected by the industrial action? 2. Does the interference imply a sudden, non-existential impairment of the business procedures? 3. Of what quality and quantity is the impairment? 4. To which extent does the industrial action cause measurable financial damage for the business? A flashmob in the context of industrial action is a coordinated, externally unpredictable act of a multitude of people inside or around a business to the end of a trade agreement. In 2009 the Federal Labour Court of Germany ruled that this type of industrial action was not generally illegitimate, a view that the Federal Constitutional Court upheld in 2014. This book recounts central aspects of the former ruling and tests their validatity. Among them are the scope of the freedom of association, the free choice of means, the principle of proportionality and that of parity. The book further portrays history and motivation behind atypical industrial action and depicts recent corresponding German and European judicature.

The migration to Sweden has increased in the last few years and in order to diminishsegregation and unemployment among the population, it has been a prioritized matterto help the migrants to enter the Swedish labour market. Employers that set languagerequirements when recruiting can reduce the possibility for a person with a differentethnical background to obtain employment. These language requirements can beappropriate and necessary to achieve a legitimate purpose. This study aims toinvestigate in which cases the employer has the right to set a language requirementand in which circumstances setting the requirement is discriminatory on grounds ofethnicity. In order to answer the research question, a legal dogmatic method has beenused.The investigation indicates that the court judge discrimination on grounds of ethnicityvery restrictively and in some cases fails to enforce the law correctly. Employersseem to evade sanctions easily, for example by implying that the decision is based onthe applicant’s personal qualities. This could be a reason why there are only a fewcases taken to the court.