This thesis examines integration testing of object-oriented software. The process of integrating and testing procedural programs is reviewed as foundation for testing object-oriented software. The complexity of object-oriented software is examined. The relationship of integration testing and the software development life cycle is presented. Scenarios are discussed which account for the introduction of defects into the software. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is chosen for representing pre-implementation and post-implementation models of the software. A demonstration of the technique of using post-implementation models representing the logical and physical views as an aid in integration and system testing of the software is presented. The use of UML diagrams developed from the software is suggested as a technique for integration testing of object-oriented software. The need for automating the data collection and model building is recognized. The technique is integrated into the Revised Spiral Model for Object-Oriented Software Development developed by du Plessis and van der Walt. / Computing / D.Phil. (Computer Science)

The research is conducted in the area of Software Engineering, with emphasis on the design phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The object-oriented paradigm is the point of departure. The investigation deals with the problem of creating support for the design phase of object-oriented system development. This support must be able to guide the system designer through the design process, according to a sound design method, highlight opportunities for prototyping and point out where to re-iterate a design step, for example. A solution is proposed in the form of a knowledge-based support system. In the prototype this support guides a designer partially through the first step of the System Design task for object-oriented design. The intention is that the knowledge-based system should capture the know-how of an expert system designer and assist an inexperienced system designer to create good designs. / Computing / M. Sc. (Information Systems)

CNPq; CAPES; / Cinquenta por cento da população mundial vive em cidades, e a expectativa para 2050 é de que essa porcentagem chegue a 70% (WHO, 2014). As cidades consomem 75% dos recursos naturais e de energia do mundo, e geram 80% dos gases-estufa responsáveis pelo efeito estufa; considerando que, ocupam apenas 2% do território mundial (Signori, 2008). As cidades são também o palco de grande parte dos problemas ambientais globais (Gomes, 2009), e é no contexto urbano onde a dimensão social, econômica e ambiental convergem mais intensamente (European Commission, 2007). Esse crescimento populacional, tem influências sociais, econômicas e ambientais que representam um grande desafio para o desenvolvimento sustentável do planejamento urbano. Os conceitos de sistemas de informação geográfica, cidades inteligentes, dados abertos, algoritmos de clusterização e visualização de dados, permitem entender diversas questões em relação a atividade urbana nas cidades. Em particular, se torna importante a variável “onde”: onde existe tráfego e quais são os horários mais frequentes; onde é necessário realizar modelagem de espera residencial, comercial e industrial de acordo com o crescimento populacional para o plano de uso da terra; quais são os tipos de negócios que mais cresceram em cada bairro e qual é a relação entre eles. Para este fim, esta dissertação apresenta um sistema web-mobile que permite entender o crescimento espaço-temporal e econômico dos alvarás de restaurantes dos bairros Centro, Batel e Tatuquara da cidade de Curitiba nas últimas três décadas (1980 até 2015), realizando clusterização e visualização de uma grande quantidade de dados abertos georreferenciados. Em termos de resultados alcançados destacam-se: 1) capacidade de resolver problemas computacionais de sobreposição de pontos sobre um mapa, 2) capacidade de entender o crescimento econômico dos alvarás e qual é a relação entre as diversas categorias e entre os bairros, 3) tempo de execução inferior a 3 segundos para 99% das consultas espaciais executadas, 4) 80,8% dos usuários em fase de avaliação consideram que a solução proposta permite uma melhor identificação e visualização de dados georreferenciados, e 5) possibilita a integração de novas fontes e tipos de dados. / Fifty percent of the world's population live in cities, and the expectation until 2050 is that it reaches 70% (WHO, 2014). Cities consume 75% of the world's natural resources and energy, and generate 80% of greenhouse gases responsible for the greenhouse effect, considering that they occupy only 2% of the world's territory (Signori, 2008). Cities are also the scene of most of the global environmental problems (Gomes, 2009), and it is in the urban context where the social, economic and environmental dimension converge more intensely (European Commission, 2007). This population growth has social, economic and environmental influences that represent a great challenge for the sustainable development of urban planning. The concepts of geographic information systems, smart cities, open data, clustering and data visualization algorithms allow us to understand several questions regarding urban activity in cities, especially, understand the variable "where" things happen. For example: where there is traffic and what time is the most frequent, where it is necessary to perform residential, commercial, industrial standby modeling according to population growth for the land use plan, what are the types of businesses that grew the most in each neighborhood and what is the relationship between them. For this purpose, the following thesis presents a web-mobile system that allows us to understand the spatiotemporal and economic growth of the restaurant licenses of districts Centro, Batel and Tatuquara of Curitiba for the last three decades, performing clustering and visualization of a large amount of open georeferenced data. In terms of achieved results, we can highlight: 1) ability to solve computational problems of overlapping points representing business on a map, 2) ability to understand the economic growth of restaurants licences and what is the relationship between different categories and between districts, 3) execution time less than 3 seconds for 99% of the spatial queries executed, 4) 80.8% of users in evaluation phase consider that the proposed solution allows a better identification and visualization of georeferenced data, and 5) it allows the integration of new sources and types of data.

O monitoramento de sinais vitais em pacientes tem o intuito de obter rapidamente dados relevantes para decisões médicas. No entanto, tal mensuração é pouco eficiente, difícil, quando não impossível, em determinados casos, como por exemplo em pacientes vítimas de queimaduras, em função da impossibilidade de colocar o eletrodo diretamente na pele, ou em recém-nascidos, devido à fragilidade da pele. Este estudo trata do desenvolvimento de um sistema para aquisição contínua de sinais fotopletismográficos para a telemetria da frequência cardíaca em tempo real, em uma plataforma de baixo custo, utilizando a biblioteca OpenCV e o método desenvolvido pelo MIT chamado de Magnificação de Vídeo Euleriana, que revela variações que são imperceptíveis a olho nu. Para desenvolver o sistema foi utilizada a plataforma de hardware Raspberry Pi Versão B com processador ARM11 de 700MHz e 512MB de memória RAM. Os dados da frequência cardíaca coletados dos experimentos foram comparados com os dados coletados por um oxímetro de dedo More Fitness modelo MF-425. Esse foi escolhido por utilizar o mesmo princípio "Fotopletismografia"para efetuar a medição. Após a coleta de dados foi estimado o intervalo de confiança para aferir a precisão do sistema, que correspondeu a 96,5% em relação ao oxímetro utilizado. Ficou evidente que o meio utilizado para medir a frequência cardíaca via método de magnificação de vídeo Euleriana em tempo real é uma tecnologia de baixo custo (aproximadamente R$300,00) quando comparado aos monitores multiparamétricos utilizados para o monitoramento de pacientes críticos, cujo custo varia entre R$ 8.000,00 e R$ 34.000,00. Sendo assim, também contribui com a redução de custos no tratamento ao doente que necessita de monitorização constante, possibilitando que, com a economia gerada pela aquisição e implantação desta tecnologia, viabilize um maior investimento em outras áreas dos hospitais. / Monitoring vital signs in patients is used to obtain relevant data for medical decisions in a fast way. However, this measurement is both inefficient and difficult, if not impossible in certain cases, such as in burnt victims, due to the impossibility of placing the electrodes directly on the skin or in infants, because of the fragility of skin. This study aims to develop of a system for continuous acquisition of photopletismografics (PPG) signals for the telemetry of heart rate in real time in a low cost platform using the OpenCV library and the method developed by MIT called the Eulerian Video Magnification, amplifying variations that are imperceptible to the naked eye. To develop the system were used the hardware platform Raspberry Pi version B with ARM11 700MHz processor and 512MB RAM. The heart rate data collected from the experi- ments were compared with data collected by a finger oximeter model More Fitness MF-425 it was chosen, by using the same working principle "PPG"to effect the measurement. After data collection was estimated the confidence interval to measure system accuracy, which corresponded to 96,5% compared to the oximeter used. It became clear that the developed system used to measure heart rate via magnification method of Eulerian live video is a low-cost technology (approximately R$ 300.00) compared to the multiparameter monitors used for monitoring critically patients, ranging in cost from R$ 8,000.00 to R$ 34,000.00. So also, it contributes to cost reduction in the treatment to the patient in need of constant monitoring, enabling with the savings generated by the acquisition and deployment of this technology makes possible greater investment in other areas of hospitals. / 5000

This dissertation investigates the role of specification, refinement and implementation in the software development cycle. Both the structured and object-oriented paradigms are looked at. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of the refinement process. The requirements for the product (system) are determined, the specifications are drawn up, the product is designed, specified, implemented and tested. The stage between the (formal) specification of the system and the implementation of the system is the refinement stage. The refinement process consists out of data refinement, operation refinement, and operation decomposition. In this dissertation, Z, Object-Z and UML (Unified Modelling Language) are used as specification languages and C, C++, Cobol and Object-Oriented Cobol are used as implementation languages. As an illustration a small system, The ITEM System, is specified in Z and UML and implemented in Object-Oriented Cobol. / Computing / M. Sc. (Information Systems)

Business organisations today are faced with the complex problem of dealing with evolution in their software information systems. This effectively concerns the accommodation and facilitation of change, in terms of both changing user requirements and changing technological requirements. An approach that uses the software development life-cycle as a vehicle to study the problem of evolution is adopted. This involves the stages of requirements analysis, system specification, design, implementation, and finally operation and maintenance. The problem of evolution is one requiring proactive as well as reactive solutions for any given application domain. Measuring evolvability in conceptual models and the specification of changing requirements are considered. However, even "best designs" are limited in dealing with unanticipated evolution, and require implementation phase paradigms that can facilitate an evolution correctly (semantic integrity), efficiently (minimal disruption of services) and consistently (all affected parts are consistent following the change). These are also discussed / Computing / M. Sc. (Information Systems)

Web-based learning should move away from static transmission of instruction to dynamic pages for effective interactive learning. Furthermore, automated assessment of learning should move beyond rigid quizzes or multiple-choice questions. This study describes the design, development, implementation, testing and evaluation of two prototypes of an electronic assessment tool to enhance the effectiveness of automated assessment. The tool was developed in the context of a distance-learning organisation and was built according to a development research model entailing a cyclic design-intervention-outcomes process. The first variant, E-Grader, was developed to test an algorithm for assigning marks to open-ended textual responses. The second variant, Web-Grader, was an interactive web-based extension of E-Grader. It provided immediate interactive support to students as they responded textually to content-based questions. This multi-disciplinary study incorporates principles and techniques from software engineering, formal computer science, database development and instructional design in the quest towards electronic assessment of web-based textual inputs. / Computing / M.Sc. (Information Systems)

This thesis examines integration testing of object-oriented software. The process of integrating and testing procedural programs is reviewed as foundation for testing object-oriented software. The complexity of object-oriented software is examined. The relationship of integration testing and the software development life cycle is presented. Scenarios are discussed which account for the introduction of defects into the software. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is chosen for representing pre-implementation and post-implementation models of the software. A demonstration of the technique of using post-implementation models representing the logical and physical views as an aid in integration and system testing of the software is presented. The use of UML diagrams developed from the software is suggested as a technique for integration testing of object-oriented software. The need for automating the data collection and model building is recognized. The technique is integrated into the Revised Spiral Model for Object-Oriented Software Development developed by du Plessis and van der Walt. / Computing / D.Phil. (Computer Science)

The research is conducted in the area of Software Engineering, with emphasis on the design phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The object-oriented paradigm is the point of departure. The investigation deals with the problem of creating support for the design phase of object-oriented system development. This support must be able to guide the system designer through the design process, according to a sound design method, highlight opportunities for prototyping and point out where to re-iterate a design step, for example. A solution is proposed in the form of a knowledge-based support system. In the prototype this support guides a designer partially through the first step of the System Design task for object-oriented design. The intention is that the knowledge-based system should capture the know-how of an expert system designer and assist an inexperienced system designer to create good designs. / Computing / M. Sc. (Information Systems)

O ensino do modelo orientado a objetos tornou-se uma prática muito comum na introdução dos cursos de computação e as dificuldades no processo de ensinoaprendizagem são bem conhecidas. Grande parte dos estudantes apresenta dificuldades em assimilar os conceitos e abstrações envolvidas neste paradigma. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento, a implementação e testes de uma ferramenta para apoiar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem do modelo orientado a objetos, durante a construção de Diagramas de Classe. Com a ferramenta desenvolvida, foram coletados dados durante a construção de Diagramas de Classe UML, em experimentos realizados com alunos de uma Universidade situada na cidade de Curitiba. A ferramenta desenvolvida permitiu revelar comportamentos dos alunos durante a construção dos diagramas de classes. Os resultados demonstram que as intervenções realizadas por alunos em itens do Diagrama de Classes, como atributos, métodos e associações, durante a criação do mesmo, influenciam diretamente no conceito obtido. Além disso, a ferramenta oferece informações específicas sobre cada aluno, que podem ser utilizadas pelo professor para incentivar cada um a estudar determinados temas, a fim de melhorar o desempenho dos mesmos no entendimento do modelo orientado a objetos e na criação de Diagramas de Classes. A ferramenta para o apoio ao ensino-aprendizagem do modelo orientado a objetos durante a construção do Diagrama de Classes fornece dados negligenciados pelas ferramentas de construção de diagramas, podendo ser um importante método para aprimorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem do modelo orientado a objetos. / The teaching of the object-oriented model has become a very common practice in the introduction of computer courses and difficulties in the teaching-learning process are well known. Most of the students present difficulties in assimilating the concepts and abstractions involved in this paradigm. This study describes the development, implementation and testing of a tool to support the teaching-learning process of the object-oriented model during the construction of Class Diagrams. With the tool developed, data were collected during the construction of UML Class Diagrams, in experiments carried out with students of a University located in the city of Curitiba. The developed tool allowed to reveal the behaviors of the students during the construction of the class diagrams. The results show that the interventions made by students in items of the Class Diagram, such as attributes, methods and associations, during the creation of the same, directly influence the concept obtained. In addition, the tool offers specific information about each student that can be used by the teacher to encourage each one to study certain themes in order to improve their performance in understanding the object-oriented model and creating Class Diagrams. The teaching-learning tool of the object-oriented model during the construction of the Class Diagram provides data neglected by the diagrams-building tools, and can be an important method to improve the teaching-learning process of the model oriented to Objects.