第一個由政府主導的創業競賽－科技部創新創業激勵計畫始於2013年。邁入第三年，已舉辦了六個梯次。根據科技新報指出，截至2015年4月，其中真正走向新事業發展的僅有38間。因此，本研究欲瞄準獲得優勝的參賽團隊，研究其在創業的歷程中面臨到什麼樣的改變因素，使得參賽團隊改變其方向。 本研究採用個案研究的方式，從FITI計畫歷屆獲得前十名優勝隊伍中挑選出四組作為研究個案，並搭配Timmons Model中所提到的「機會」「團隊」、「資源」及「動態關係」，透過這些面向來探討個案後續新創企業發展的改變因素，及如何與此理論相呼應。 研究結果發現，參與FITI計畫的創業團隊，其後續改變最主要的兩大原因為對未來機會拿捏的不確定性及團隊之間的不協調性；參照Timmons Model，可以很清楚地界定出創業團隊後續改變的因素為何；創業者對「機會」的可控程度為Timmons Model尚未考慮進的因素。 另外，針對研究結果亦提出建議給予未來參賽隊伍，及如何給予FITI計畫政策上的建議。對於參賽團隊而言，一切的因素如合作模式、股權分配等都應在事前談妥。而針對FITI計畫亦提出評審機制、白皮書、技轉三點未來可改進之建議。 / The first entrepreneurial contest held by government was the From IP to IPO (FITI) in 2013. FITI contest had held over two years, nearly 160 entrepreneurial teams, but only 38 of them established companies. Thus, this study aims to explore the reasons why these winning entrepreneurial teams change after the FITI contest. With the method of case study used in this study, four of the top ten winning entrepreneurial teams from over the past years had been chosen as case studies. And by the support of “Opportunity”, “Teams”, “Resources” and “Dynamic Relationships” from Timmons Model, this study aims to explore the reasons why these entrepreneurial team’s changing reasons, also to see how it fits in Timmons Model, and how it interacts with each other. This study finds out that the entrepreneurial teams change because of two reasons, which is the uncertainty to opportunity and the incoherence between team members. Next, the changing reasons can be clearly defined by the use of Timmons Model. Lastly, how much of the controlling power the team held to the opportunity, is one of the factors that Timmons Model had not been considered yet. Last but not least, this study also gave suggestions to the entrepreneurial teams that wanted to attend to FITI contest that everything like division of work should be negotiated at the very first place. On the other hand, three suggestions are also given out to FITI.

本文研究的主要目的為研究學習行為與智能的相關性，採經驗加權吸引模型(Experience-Weighted Attraction)來描述受測者在選美競賽賽局(Beauty Contest Game)實驗下的決策及行為，不單只選擇強化學習或信念學習模型，其理由為經驗加權吸引模型綜合了以上兩個學習的特點；在智能的部分，本文以實驗所得的工作記憶能力(Working Memory Capacity)分數的高低，來代表智能高低。 　　從研究結果發現，智能高與低兩類受測者的初始吸引分配，皆與其在第一期的選擇類似，而低智能的受測者在初始吸引部分，所估計的分配結果會與第一期之後期間的分配較不相似，這可能代表著低智能的受測者對於類似賽局實驗以及此實驗的分析或想像較差；在ψ的參數估計上，由於低智能的初始吸引與最後一期猜測的分配較不相似，以理論來說會遞減較快，也就是說會小於高智能所估計的結果，而真實的估計結果也顯示如此，此外，ψ的估計結果，也表示低智能受測者，對於之前吸引遞減較快，遺忘地較快。本文在δ的部分，高智能的受測者明顯地大於低智能的受測者，這表示高智能的受測者，對於失去的報酬比較敏感，會較關心沒有選擇到的數字所能得到的報酬，本文認為此結果可能隱含高智能受測者的認知階層較高。在受測者對於吸引敏感度λ的參數部分，本研究發現，此兩類受測者並無太大差異，也就是此兩類受測者對於吸引的變動，敏感度差距不大，也就代表影響人們對於吸引敏感度的原因，可能不是來自於智商高低。由本文的實證結果，可以發現學習行為與智能的相關性，因此本文建議在往後與學習行為有關的研究上，也許可以納入智能為主要研究探討的核心。 / The purpose of this paper is to explore possible relationships between individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) and behavioral heterogeneity revealed in a repeated beauty contest experiment. We use ‘experience-weighted attraction’ (EWA) learning, to describe the decision-making and learning behavior of subjects in the beauty contest game (BCG) experiment. In the intelligence section, the level of the experiment from the working memory capacity score, to represent the intelligence high or low. We found high and low intelligent of the subject's initial attract allocated all its similar to the first period choice. In parameter estimation of ψ, due to the initial attraction of low intelligence subject is less similar to the choice of the following periods. According to theory,ψ of the low intelligence subjects will decrease faster, and the estimate of the results also show that. In addition, part of δ, high intelligence subjects was larger than the low intelligent subjects, which means that subjects of high intelligence, more sensitive to lost revenue. We think that may be implied the higher intelligent subjects are higher cognitive hierarchy. The sensitivity of players to attractions λ, we found that these two types of intelligent is not much difference. This means that the impact of the sensitivity of players to attractions, may not be from the intelligent level. By the empirical results, we can find the relationship between behavioral heterogeneity and intelligence, so we suggests that it may be incorporated into the intelligent as the main research.

Le travail suivant porte sur le concours lancé à Paris en 1797/99 par la Classe des sciences morales et politiques de l’Institut National, aujourd’hui l’Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques, sur la question de l’influence des signes sur la pensée.Quelques années seulement après l’introduction d’une nouvelle terminologie dans le domaine de la chimie, la question se posait de savoir s’il était possible d’établir en philosophie une terminologie aussi précise que dans les Sciences Naturelles. Cette thématique embrasse ainsi des questions relevant des théories de la connaissance, des théories du signe et de l’épistémologie.Sur les 23 réponses anonymes au concours, seules les trois réponses suivantes ont été jusqu’ici publiées et de ce fait suffisamment connues et analysées, celles de Joseph Marie Degérando (1772--‐1842), Pierre-François Lancelin (1769--‐1809) et Pierre Prévost (1751--‐1839).Les autres réponses, qui se trouvent aux Archives de l’Institut de France, sont jusqu’à ce jour pour la plupart inconnues et non publiées.Pour la première fois, dans ce travail, elles sont mises au jour et analysées dans le cadre des théories du langage du 18ème siècle et du courant de la philosophie du langage des Idéologues .L’un des enjeux est en particulier de traiter les différentes réponses comme constituant une série et de les analyser toutes de la même manière, sans mettre l’accent sur la dissertation de Degérandos qui a reçu le prix. Cela permet ainsi de faire ressortir les structures des arguments sur l’indépendance de la pensée scientifique et des signes ou sur la réévaluation différente de la fonction cognitive des signes sur la construction des idées. / This thesis examines the question of the Paris contest and the impact of symbols on reasoning in 1797/99, tendered by the Classe des sciences morales et politiques at the Institut National which is called Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques today. The aim was to find out whether, a couple of years after a new terminology had been introduced in chemistry, a terminology which should be as precise as the one for natural science could also be established in philosophy.The epistemic and semiotic elements of the topic are considered, as are any further questions and issues that develop. Out of the 23 anonymous entries sent in for the contest only three have been analysed scientifically so far.These are the entries sent in by Joseph Marie Degérando (1772-‐1842), Pierre-­‐François Lancelin (1769-1809) and PierrePrévost(1751-1839), which have been published and are familiar to many people.The remaining entries, which can be found today in the Archives des Institut de France are mostly unknown and have not been published yet. In this thesis they will be assessed and put into the wider context of linguistic theory at the close of the 18th century and the linguistic philosophy of the so called Idéologues. A main focus will be on the fact that they need to be seen as a series of texts and to make sure that each entry gets the same attention with no special focus on Degérandos award‐winning work.In the process a couple of overarching structures of argument emerged, such as the independence of scientific thought from symbols or the different weighing of the cognitive function of symbols for the emergence of ideas.

The bull was a potent symbol of power, strength, and, to a lesser degree, fertility to the peoples of the ancient Near East from the twelfth century until 330 BCE. This symbolism was manifested in several iconographic motifs. These motifs reveal the bull as a manifestation of divine characteristics and as an expression of the power of man, and particularly the authority of the king. The use of these iconographic motifs was not consistent across the entire area of the ancient Near East; some differed in appearance and use in the different areas of the region, and many changed over time even in the same area. In all areas and during all periods the basic core symbolism stayed the same, and the bull was always held in a special respect. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / M.A. (Ancient Near Eastern Studies)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:25:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-Pre-textuais.pdf: 3686529 bytes, checksum: 88f2a95092c9bca469e3382e565421a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-04 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This dissertation has the general objective of contributing to the theoretical and empirical comprehension of the implications of the internet for democracy and electoral processes. We analyze the cyberparadigms and the normative assumptions that influenced thematic production. The adopted analytical standpoint aims to apply the premises deriving from the theoretical apparatus of reference to a concrete empirical context, trying to balance the strong normative assumptions and overcome the notion of technological determinism present in much of the literature. This way, we delimit the way the internet is being used in electoral processes, its possibilities and limits, promoting an adaptation of expectations. We use a critical approach to be able to scrutinize the potential of the internet in reinvigorating democracy and its processes and exploring its actual conditions of production in specific political-electoral contexts, bringing elements of political culture to the center of the debate. For this analysis we used a systematic empirical base and a temporal specification: the Brazilian political-electoral context during the presidential race of 2006. The objects of investigation in a comparative perspective were the websites of the two main candidates for the Presidency of the Republic in the 2006 contest: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) and Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB). Specifically, the empirical investigation was guided by the following research queries: 1) What are the functions and possibilities of interaction and participation in electoral websites? 2) Are there differences between the websites of the Alckmin and Lula campaigns in terms of sophistication and design that indicate different levels of professionalism? 3) What are the strategies of the cybercampaigns? 4) According to the options on offer, what is the main targeted public of the websites? This investigation began from four hypotheses: 1) the electoral websites will reflect more the function of top-down and one-way, neglecting the interactive possibilities of the new media in promoting dialogue with the electorate; 2) there will be convergence and standardization, instead of differentiation between parties, in the way of usage of the Brazilian political websites; 3) the online strategy will be centered more in attracting predisposed and politically active constituents, as well as grabbing the attention of media professionals, then apathetic and demobilized citizens, and finally 4) the Internet will be an important space for negative campaigning on part of Alckmin, due to his position of challenger in the contest and due to the political context that preceded the electoral race, highly scarred by accusations of corruption, as well as legal loopholes in relation to the internet. The reelection candidacy of President Lula will be centered in the publication of endorsements and in the retrospective strategy of incorporating symbols of the post of president and exploring actions of his first term in office. The methodological strategy adopted is based on the research design of Content Analysis of websites, applied on three levels of analysis: functional, formal, and content of the clippings and persuasive strategies of the candidates. These analytical dimensions are composed by indicators, typologies, and many categories that comprise diverse dichotomous variables. / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo geral realizar uma revisão da literatura acadêmica sobre Internet e democracia e contribuir empiricamente com a discussão sobre as implicações da Internet para os processos eleitorais. Analisam-se os ciberparadigmas e os pressupostos normativos que influenciaram a produção temática. A postura analítica adotada visa aplicar as premissas oriundas do aparato teórico de referência a um contexto empírico concreto, buscando equilibrar seus pressupostos normativos e questionar a noção de determinismo tecnológico presente em boa parte da literatura. Neste sentido, delimita-se a forma como a Internet vem sendo utilizada nos processos eleitorais pelos agentes políticos, suas possibilidades e limites, com a intenção de promover uma adequação das expectativas. Realiza-se uma abordagem crítica a fim de perscrutar o potencial da Internet para revigorar a democracia e seus processos e investigar sua forma de utilização em contextos político-eleitorais específicos, trazendo para o centro do debate elementos da cultura política. Para a presente análise empregou-se uma base empírica sistemática e um recorte temporal: o contexto político-eleitoral brasileiro durante a corrida presidencial de 2006. Os objetos de investigação em perspectiva comparada foram os websites dos dois principais postulantes à Presidência da República no pleito 2006: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) e Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB). Especificamente, a investigação empírica foi guiada pelas seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: 1) Quais as funções e possibilidades de interação e participação dos websites eleitorais? 2) Há diferenças entre os websites das candidaturas de Alckmin e Lula em termos de sofisticação e design que indiquem diferentes níveis de profissionalismo? 3) Quais as estratégias das cibercampanhas? 4) De acordo com as opções oferecidas, qual o público-alvo primordial dos websites? Esta investigação partiu de quatro hipóteses: 1) os websites eleitorais refletirão mais a função top-down (de cima para baixo) e de one-way (mão única), negligenciando as possibilidades interativas da nova mídia para promover diálogo com o eleitorado; 2) haverá uma convergência e padronização no modo de utilização dos websites políticos brasileiros ao invés de uma diferenciação entre partidos; 3) a estratégia on-line estará centrada mais em atrair eleitores pré-dispostos e politicamente ativos e a atenção de profissionais da mídia do que os cidadãos apáticos e desmobilizados e, por fim, 4) a Internet será um espaço primordial para realização de campanha negativa para a candidatura de Alckmin, devido a sua posição de desafiante na disputa e ao contexto político que precedeu a corrida eleitoral, altamente marcado por denúncias de corrupção, bem como às lacunas legais em relação à Internet. A candidatura à reeleição do mandatário Lula será centrada na publicação de endosso e na estratégia retrospectiva de acionar símbolos do cargo de presidente e explorar ações de seu primeiro mandato. A estratégia metodológica adotada baseou-se no desenho de pesquisa de Análise de Conteúdo dos websites, aplicado em três níveis de análise: funcional (functional analysis), formal (formal analysis) e conteúdo da agenda de notícias e estratégias persuasivas dos candidatos. Estas dimensões de análise são compostas por indicadores, tipologias e várias categorias que, por sua vez, abrangem diversas variáveis dicotômicas.

The introductory chapter of this Thesis describes the development of choir music in Bohemia, starting with unison singing, through polyphonic singing, proceeding to forming of literary societies, and, finally, the form of choir singing as we know it today. In the theoretical part, we use the most important historic and social moments of the Prague Hlahol Choir to illustrate almost 155 years of its existence. The following chapter reflects the most significant concerts, introduces the choir's repertoire and how it changed through times, mentions premieres of choir masterpieces, cooperation with other significant choirs and prominent musicians. In the practical part, we reprint the interviews with long-time choir members and personal experience of some of the artists who have cooperated with the Prague Hlahol Choir. To complete this Thesis, we used anniversary almanacs, annual reports, historic documents and photographs, etc. We also included personal views of the choir members, choir leaders and the prominent musicians who have cooperated with the choir. Based on the assembled data, we can evaluate the progress the choir has made, the changes it has undergone and also the impact it has made from the day it was established. The main contribution of this Thesis is that it brings the overview of the...

The reasons given by thirty-three junior high school band directors for success and failure at the University Interscholastic League Concert/Sightreading Contest were studied using the methodology of Attribution Theory. All of the subjects attended the same contest and were members of a region which included urban and suburban schools. The subjects responded to a questionnaire which evaluated their attitudes towards the contest, allowed them to make judgments about other directors in hypothetical contest situations, and finally asked them to list the five most important reasons for their success or failure at the contest in an open-response format.

The cryptographic algorithms are commonly used as a security item today. In some situations, the special device is used to run the cryptographic algorithm, so the data are protected against the attack from the internet. Naturally, the attack can be loaded on the device as well using the side channel attack. The data are under the great danger, because nowadays plenty of power consumption analyses exist. The side channel attack uses knowledge about the cryptographic algoritm and simple or differential analysis. The diploma thesis focuses on the differential power analysis attack for the data published under the DPA contest. This thesis covers different types of analyss and attacks, and describes the new DPACv4.2 implementation. The correlation analysis is presented for the DPACv4.2 and the possible attack is discussed at the conclusion.

<p>Contest outcomes often involve some mix of skill and chance.  In three essays, I vary the sources of noise and show how player actions either influence, or are influenced by, noise.  I begin with a classic multi-battle contest, the Colonel Blotto game.  Due to his disadvantage in resources, the weak player in this contest stochastically distributes resources to a subset of battlefields while neglecting all others in an attempt to achieve a positive payoff.  In contrast, the strong player evenly distributes his resources in order to defend all battlefields, while randomly assigning extra resources to some.  Because the weak player benefits from randomizing over larger numbers of battlefields, a strong player has incentive to decrease the range over which the weak player can randomize.  When battlefields are exogenously partitioned into subsets, or \textit{fronts}, he is able to do this by decentralizing his forces to each front in a stage prior to the distribution of forces to battlefields and actual conflict.  These allocations are permanent, and each subset of battlefields effectively becomes its own, independent Blotto subgame.  I show that there exist parameter regions in which the strong player's unique equilibrium payoffs with decentralization are strictly higher than the unique equilibrium payoffs without decentralization.</p> <p><br></p> <p>In my second paper, I show how sources of exogenous noise, what Clausewitz referred to as the ``fog of war," obscure developments on the battlefield from the view of a military leader, while individual inexperience and lack of expertise in a particular situation influence his decisionmaking.  I model both forms of uncertainty using the decentralized Colonel Blotto game from the first chapter.  To do so, I first test the robustness of allocation-stage subgame perfect equilibria by changing the contest success function to a lottery, then I find the players' quantal response equilibria (QRE) to show how individual decision-making is impacted by bounded rationality and noisy best responses, represented by a range of psi values in the logit QRE.  I find that player actions rely significantly less on decentralization strategies under the lottery CSF compared to the case of the all-pay auction, owing mainly to the increased exogenous noise.  Moreover, agent QRE and heterogeneous QRE approximate subgame perfect equilibria for high values of psi in the case of an all-pay auction, but under the lottery CSF, QRE is largely unresponsive to changes in psi due to the increase in exogenous noise.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Finally, I examine a potential method for introducing noise into the all-pay auction (APA) contest success function (CSF) utilized in the Colonel Blotto games of the first two chapters.  Many contests are fundamentally structured as APA, yet there is a tendency in the empirical literature to utilize a lottery CSF when stochastic outcomes are possible or the tractability of pure strategy equilibria is desired.  However, previous literature has shown that using a lottery CSF sacrifices multiple distinguishing characteristics of the APA, such as the mixed strategy equilibria described by Baye, Kovenock, and de Vries (1996), the exclusion principle of Baye, Kovenock, and de Vries (1993), and the caps on lobbying principle of Che and Gale (1998).  I overcome this by formulating an APA that incorporates noise and retains the defining characteristics of an auction by forming a convex combination of the APA and fair lottery with the risk parameter lambda.  I prove that equilibria hold by following the proofs of Baye et al. (1996, 1993) and Che and Gale (1998), and I show the new CSF satisfies the axioms of Skaperdas (1996).  While player and auctioneer actions, payments, and revenues in the noisy APA adhere closely to the those of the APA for low levels of noise, the effect of discounted expected payoffs results in lower aggregate payments and payoffs when noise is high.  Finally, I show the noisy APA is only noise equivalent to the lottery CSF when lambda = 0, i.e., the fair lottery.</p>

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