Trafik utgör en stor föroreningskälla av tungmetaller i vägnära jordar och särskilt är det koppar (Cu), bly (Pb) och zink (Zn) som associeras med fordonstrafik. I ett historiskt perspektiv härrör blyutsläpp främst från bränsleförbränning, medan kopparemissioner (i första hand från slitage av bromsbelägg) och zinkutsläpp (från däck) från trafik står för så mycket som hälften av det urbana utsläppet av koppar och zink till omgivningen. Koppar-, bly- och zinkkoncentrationer i vägnära jord och sediment undersöktes inom avrinningsområdet för Grand River North West i Mauritius. Eftersom totalmetall utgör en dålig indikator på den mängd metall som finns potentiellt tillgänglig för biota användes extraktion med hjälp av 0.5 M HCl tillsammans med totalkoncentrationer. Den rumsliga variationen längsmed transekt vinkelrätt mot vägar undersöktes liksom variationen med djupet. Observerade kopparkoncentrationer var jämförbara med bakgrundsnivåer. Till skillnad från Cu var koncentrationer av Pb och Zn förhöjda i den omedelbara närheten till vägar med relativt stor trafikintensitet, men halterna minskade snabbt med avståndet. Resultat från platserna för jordreferenser visar på storskalig förorening av Pb på ön. Uppmätta kopparkoncentrationer kunde inte knytas till trafikens påverkan. Vid regn kan metaller som finns i förorenat vägdamm och förorenad jord övergå till löslig form, eller sköljas bort i partikulär form, och transporteras till närliggande vattendrag. I Mauritius är det här av speciell vikt eftersom flodsediment till slut kommer att deponeras i de känsliga kustområdena som omger ön. Dock tyder inte resultaten på förhöjda metallhalter i sediment nära de studerade vägarna. Även om erhållna resultat av Cu inte visar på någon förhöjning och zonen med hög förorening av Pb och Zn är relativt smal, är det angeläget att följa utvecklingen eftersom antalet fordon växer snabbt i Mauritius, vilket kan förändra dagens situation och ge upphov till större miljöpåverkan. För att undvika eventuella ekologiska skador är det därför av stor vikt att i fortsättningen övervaka situationen längs landets vägar. / Traffic has been identified as a significant heavy metal polluter of roadside soils, and copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in particular are associated with road travel. In a historic perspective, the Pb contribution from anthropogenic sources to nature has predominantly been a result of fuel combustion. There are indications that Cu (mainly through braking system) and Zn (emissions from tires) released from traffic give rise to as much as half of the total urban contribution of copper and zinc to the environment. Concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in roadside soils and sediment have been determined at selected roads within the Grand River North West watershed in Mauritius. As total metal concentrations are not a suitable indicator of the metal concentrations that are potentially available to biota, metals extractable in 0.5 M HCl have been determined along with total concentrations. The spatial variation in metal concentration along soil transects perpendicular to roads were investigated, as was the variation with depth. Observed Pb and Zn concentrations exhibited elevated levels in topsoil in the immediate vicinity of roads with relatively large traffic densities, but the decrease in concentration with distance was rapid. Results from soil reference sites pointed to a large scale Pb pollution on the island. In comparison, observed Cu concentrations could not be assigned any influence from traffic at the selected study sites. In the event of rain, metals contained in polluted road dust and soil may be released into soluble form, or flushed from roadways as particulate matter, and transported to nearby water courses. In Mauritius, this is of particular importance as sediment in rivers eventually may be deposited in the sensitive coastal areas of the island. However, results do not indicate that there were any elevated levels of heavy metals in sediment close to roads that were investigated in this study. Although Cu concentrations in roadside soils did not show any enrichment and the zone of elevated Pb and Zn concentrations was not wide, there is a concern that the continuing rapid increase in the number of vehicles in Mauritius will change the situation, possibly resulting in greater impact on the surrounding environment. Hence, in order to avoid any ecological damage, it is desirable to continue monitoring the situation along highways in the country.

Cette étude porte sur trois secteurs des massifs cristallins externes des Alpes Françaises: les secteurs de Vallorcine(massif des Aiguilles Rouges),de Beaufort et de la Lauzière (massif de Belledonne). Ils présentent tous trois la particularité de renfermer des indices d'uranium,en liaison au moins spatiale avec des intrusions granitiques. Aussi le problèmedes granitisations a-t'il constitué le fil directeur de cette étude, méme sileur rôle s 'est révélé moins important que prévu pour la formation des concentrations uranifères. Le granite de Vallorcine est intrusif dans une s'érie po1ymétamorphique ancienne(infracambrienne ou pa1éozoïque inférieure), d'origine volcanosédimentaire : la série des Aiguilles Rouges. Son âge n'est pas connu avec certitude, mais pourrait étre namurien. De caractères pétrographiques assez constants, il présente un chimisme de monzogranite alumineux. Le granite de Beaufort est intrusif dans une série migmatitique peu connue, prolongeant probablement vers le Nord le groupe de St Rémy (infracambrien ou paléozoïque inférieur). Il n'est pas daté radiométriquement, mais pourrait présenter un âge namurien, comme le granite des 7 Laux (datation BR G M, inédite) auquel il est comparable en tous points. Plusieurs générations de granites ont été distinguées dans le massif de la Lauzière : - La première correspond à des granites orthogneissifiés (complexe du Col de Montjoie), dont la mise en place est contemporaine du dépôt des séries les plus anciennes (série de la Montagne des Plans -gneiss de Pussy Plan du Col, série du Bois des Ravères-groupe de St Rémy), d'âge infracambrien ou paléozoïque inférieur, et qui ont été métamorphisés avec ces dernières au Briovérien ou au Calédonien. Ils constituent donc l'un des termes d'un vaste complexe plutonovolcanosédimentaire développé à l'échelle des massifs cristallins externes. - La deuxième génération correspond à une lignée à tendance calcoalcaline, dont les termes les plus représentés sont granodioritiques et monzogranitiques. Elle comprend le granite d'Epierre-7 Laux, les granodiorites du Colomban et les granitoïdes de Champoudru- Les Chavannes. Son âge est namurien (âge du granite des 7 Laux, BR G M inédit). - La troisième génération correspond à une lignée subalcaline potassique, très différenciée depuis des termes monzosyénitiques (monzosyénites du Lac de la Grande Léchère, complexe granitoïde de la Lauzière pro parte) jusqu'à des termes granitiques (complexe granitoïde de la Lauzière pro parte). Son âge, déterminé par la méthode Rb -Sr, est très récent (permotriasique). Du point de vue métallogénique, il semble qu'une grande partie du stock initial d'uranium provienne, dans les trois secteurs étudiés, des séries métamorphiques encaissant les granitoïdes. Ceux-ci ne présentent pas, en effet, les caractères de granites fertiles. Les indices franchement intragranitiques sont rares dans le granite de Vallorcine,plus nombreux mais peu importants dans le complexe granitoïde de la Lauzière. Ils sont plus intéressants dans le granite de Beaufort, où les concentrations sont liées à des phénomènes de paléoaltération. Le rôle des granites n'est toutefois pas négligeable, même s'il apparait souvent indirect. Ils ont pu en effet se contaminer en uranium lors de leur mise en place (monzosyénites du Lac de la Grande Léchère). Ils ont permis d'autre part la mise en circulation d'un système hydrothermal, transportant l'uranium et le déposant dans des pièges mécaniques ou physicochimiques. Quoiqu'il en soit, l'histoire des minéralisations est complexe, en raison de la pluralité de sources d'uranium et de l'existence de plusieurs phases de remaniement, tardihercynienne(s) et alpine(s). Le contrôle structural s'avère toujours d'une importance primordiale.

This thesis aims at examining the main motives for mergers and acquisitions with special reference to the effect of globalization on these business strategies and making a comparative analysis of the Turkish merger control rules with that of the EU and the Central and Eastern European Countries so as to evaluate to what extent the Turkish legislation is in harmony with the Community acquis and whether the EU membership process had the same effect on the introduction of merger control rules in Turkey and in these ex-candidate countries.

Summary This study is base on Gudeng Precision Cooperation as the research example , applied questionnaire & interview methods for case study . This purpose is to discuss the the influences of customer satisfactions concentration from creative service & customer relationship management and provide suggestions. This research combines -- creative service , customer relationship , customer satisfaction concentrations and royalty ¡V 4 kinds of scales as the questionnaires . Then to investigate Gudeng¡¦s customers & vendors by the combined questionnaire. We collect 73 semiconductor on line engineers / leaders¡¦ feedback , use Spss14.0 for Windows to do the statistic analysis . By the methods of Descriptive Statistics , ANOVA , Pearson correlations & Multiple Regression Analysis , the hypothesis tests are as below: 1. Creative service & customer satisfaction concentrations has obvious correlations , up to high correlations: 0.845. When customers are better aware of the creative service , the customer satisfaction concentrations will get higher. There is 70.9% explanation ability in statics. 2. Creative service & customer royalty has obvious correlations, up to middle correlations: 0.594. When customers are better aware of the creative service, the customer royalty will get higher. There is 34.2% explanation ability in statics. 3. Customer relationship management & customer satisfaction concentrations has obvious correlations, up to high correlations: 0.762 . When customers are better aware of the customer relationship management, the customer satisfactions will get higher. There is 57.5% explanation ability in statics. 4. Customer relationship management & customer royalty has obvious correlations, up to middle correlations: 0.566. When customers are better aware of the customer relationship management, the customer royalty will get higher. There is 31% explanation ability in statics. 5. Customer satisfactions & customer royalty has obvious correlations, up to high correlations: 0.703. Base on statistic conclusions & interviews , this research provides 5 suggestions to Gudeng Precision Cooperation as below : 1. Enhance the speed & flexibility of creative service, especially focus on the research & development parts. 2. Emphasize the content of creative service, such as internet purchase order system & query function of production procedure. 3. Increase the reaction between sales , administration team and customers. 4. Develop new generation products , such as 18 inch wafer delivery equipments. 5. Adjust sales strategy , and focus on promotion activities. Keywords¡GCustom product, Creative service, customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction concentrations, customer royalty

Dopamine increases in the nucleus accumbens after contingent and noncontingent ethanol administration in rats, but the contributions of the core, coreshell border, and shell subregions to this response are unclear. Also, it is not fully understood if increases in dopamine under these circumstances are due to the pharmacological effects of ethanol, stimuli associated with administration, or both. The studies presented in this dissertation were conducted to investigate dopamine’s role in each of these accumbal regions during ethanol administration and presentation of associated stimuli. Using microdialysis, ethanol and dopamine concentrations in accumbal subregions were measured every five minutes before, during, and after either experimenter-delivered intravenous ethanol or operant ethanol self-administration. After intravenous ethanol infusions, the increase in dopamine in the shell of the accumbens was significantly higher than that observed in the core. During operant ethanol self-administration, the core, core-shell border, and shell, all exhibited significant increases in dopamine during transfer of the animal into the operant chamber, with animals trained to drink sucrose + ethanol showing significantly higher increases when compared to those trained to drink sucrose alone. Dopamine increased significantly only in the core-shell border during ethanol consumption, and dopamine levels in the core and shell responded in a similar manner during all phases of the experiment. Together, these results suggest that dopamine responses to intravenous ethanol infusions and operant ethanol self-administration are subregion specific. Also, while increases in dopamine resulting from intravenous ethanol infusions in naïve animals appear to be due to the pharmacological effects of the drug, increases in ethanol-experienced animals during transfer into the operant chamber, and during ethanol consumption, may also be due to stimuli associated with ethanol administration. / text

The presence of gas hydrate and free gas within marine sediments, deposited along the South Shetland margin, offshore the Antarctic Peninsula, was confirmed by low and high resolution geophysical data, acquired during three research cruises. Seismic data analysis has revealed the presence of a bottom simulating reflector that is very strong and continuous in the eastern part of the margin. This area can be considered as a useful site to study the seismic characteristics of sediments containing gas hydrate, with a particular focus on the estimation of gas hydrate and free gas amounts in the pore space. Pre-stack depth migration and tomographic inversion were performed to produce a regional velocity field of gas-phase bearing sediments and to obtain information about the average thickness of gas hydrate and free gas layers. Using these data and theoretical models, the gas hydrate and free gas concentrations can be estimated. Moreover, the common image gather semblance analysis revealed the presence of detailed features, such as layers with small thickness characterised by low velocity alternating with high velocity layers, below and above the bottom simulating reflector. These layers are associated with free gas trapped within the hydrate stability zone and deeper sediments. Thus, the use of the detailed and the regional velocity field analysis is important to give a more reliable estimate of gas content in the marine sediments.

Urban areas contain multiple sources and sinks of carbon dioxide, yet spatial and temporal information explaining its variability, diurnal patterns, and effects from human activity are limited. The city of Atlanta, due to conflicting air masses, geographic location, and population growth, is as an excellent location to study carbon dioxide concentrations across its urban landscape. Mobile measurements of ambient CO2 concentrations were obtained at 1.5m above ground level along a transect in winter 2010 within the perimeter of Atlanta. Analyses of winter 2010 CO2 variability at GSU’s stationary CO2 monitor was also explored. The results showed that CO2 concentrations in Atlanta are highly variable. The GSU CO2 station showed that weekday CO2 concentrations to be significantly higher than weekends suggesting that anthropogenic emissions may be the cause.

Alternation of indicators of lactate and vegetative systems during heightening of load. Purpose of the investigation was to compare alternation of vegetative systems indicators and blood lactate concentrations and during iterative load heightening. Tasks of the investigation: to compare alternation of vegetative systems indicators during replacement and recovery under different loads in respect of lactate threshold. Eight young healthy males took part in the investigation. Average age of subjects was 21,7 years. Investigation was carried out in Laboratory of Sports Physiology of Lithuania Physical Education Academy. Every subjects has undergone two different investigations: working with veloergometer. One –interval increasing load (3 min of work and 3 min of rest), mill-pedalling frequency – 70 times per minute; the other one – continuous increasing load until subject’s inability to maintain required pedalling frequency. The first load was 70 W. Capillary blood sampling was done from finger at the end of the third min of each load during interval test. While doing continuous increasing load subjects after the warming-up (5 min of work with 50 W of capacity) with the help of the veloergemeter produced continuous load that was heightened by 21 W every minute. Wheeling frequency was 70 times per minute. Starting load was 70 W. Load was continuously heightened until the fatigue, i.e. until the subject was able to take a new load for one minute. During the whole investigation and... [to full text]

Au cours des 30 dernières années, l'implantation industrielle des technologies de culture végétale s'est avérée inefficace. Cela s'explique en partie par le fait que les conditions de croissance de ces cellules ne sont pas optimales. Afin de déterminer les conditions optimales de culture, il faut d'abord modéliser la cinétique de croissance. Mais les modèles déjà existants ne sont cependant pas au point pour expliquer adéquatement toute la complexité de la croissance cellulaire. De plus, l'analyse de plusieurs variables est nécessaire pour bien comprendre cette complexité. Le premier objectif de cette maîtrise consiste à développer une plateforme à haute capacité analytique permettant d'effectuer le suivi de plusieurs cultures cellulaires. Cette plateforme est composée de 9 minibioréacteurs incorporés dans un robot pipetteur fredom Evo [indice supérieur Copyright] (TECAN). En plus de prélever de façon aseptique et automatique les cultures cellulaires, ce robot permet l'analyse en duplicata de 7 variables de croissance : le sucre total, le glucose, le phosphate, le nitrate, l'ammonium, la biomasse et le compte cellulaire. Les méthodes d'analyse sélectionnées sont simples, rapides, peu dispendieuses et nécessitent un faible volume d'échantillonnage. Pour chaque échantillon, seulement 400 [mu minuscule]L sont nécessaires pour effectuer l'analyse des 7 variables en duplicata. Pour 9 cultures, cela donne un total de 126 analyses. De plus, la séquence d'analyse ne prend qu'une heure à effectuer. Cette plateforme permet de tester et suivre différentes conditions de cultures en peu de temps, avec peu de matériel et main d'oeuvre. Cela a permis d'obtenir rapidement plusieurs suivis de culture qui ont servi à élaborer un modèle cinétique de croissance cellulaire. L'élaboration d'un modèle de croissance correspond au second objectif de cette maîtrise. Le modèle développé est de type ségrégué et non structuré. Plutôt que d'être basés sur des rendements constants (nutriment/biomasse), ce modèle utilise les ratios stoechiométriques des bilans de masse pour estimer la consommation de nutriments et la biosynthèse de produits. Ceci permet d'estimer l’effet de la concentration intracellulaire des différents substrats sur la cinétique de croissance. Le modèle cellulaire sélectionné pour tester la plateforme est une lignée de cellules d'Eschscholtzia californica (Pavot de la Californie) qui a été dédifférenciée et mise en suspension. Cet organisme a la capacité de produire la sanguinarine, un alcaloïde prometteur pour le traitement de plusieurs cancers. Ce modèle a démontré que les concentrations optimales d'absorption des différents substrats sont supérieures à 19 mM pour le glucose et le nitrate, à 1,9 mM pour le phosphate et à 8 mM pour l'ammonium. Ces valeurs optimales représentent les concentrations pour lesquelles on obtient plus de 95 % de la vitesse maximale ([mu minuscule] max) des réactions d'entré des nutriments dans la cellule.

Submitted by Rosimeri Vergara (rosimerivergara@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-11-14T21:01:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Amanda Garcia da Silva 2017.pdf: 3259899 bytes, checksum: 470c3b10660c990219f4d523aede3d02 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Dayse Pestana (dayse.pestana@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-11-19T16:13:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Amanda Garcia da Silva 2017.pdf: 3259899 bytes, checksum: 470c3b10660c990219f4d523aede3d02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-19T16:13:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Amanda Garcia da Silva 2017.pdf: 3259899 bytes, checksum: 470c3b10660c990219f4d523aede3d02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / A mineração é uma atividade básica da economia mundial, e em Lavras do Sul está presente desde meados do século XVIII. No entanto, as atividades de exploração e beneficiamento do ouro geraram muitos resíduos, sendo muitos deles tóxicos. Como a região foi uma área de intensa mineração e tendo em vista os riscos da contaminação de águas por metais pesados, este trabalho propõe-se a averiguar a contaminação por alguns metais que pode eventualmente afetar o bem-estar da população e a integridade do meio ambiente. Deste modo, foram realizadas análises para a determinação da presença e concentração de chumbo, cobre, zinco e arsênio devido aos efeitos tóxicos conhecidos destes metais no ambiente aquático, e sua relação direta com as atividades de mineração de ouro, nos mananciais e sedimentos na região da mina de ouro desativada Cerro Rico, para isto foi empregada a Espectrometria de Emissão Atômica com Plasma Acoplado Indutivamente (ICP OES). Além disso, foram realizados testes físicos e químicos para categorizar as águas em relação a sua qualidade. Os dados obtidos pelas análises de águas foram tratados por meio de uma simulação computacional, para reações pertinentes ao meio, com o uso do software Phreeqc. Os resultados das análises de qualidade de água indicaram que a alcalinidade total e a Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO) apresentam valores inadequados para a as águas doces de classe 3. Todos os resultados foram comparados aos limites estabelecidos pela FEPAM e CONAMA. Detectou-se a presença de Pb, Cu, Zn e As nas amostras de águas, representados, principalmente, pelas espécies H2AsO4-, HAsO42-, Cu2+, Cu+, CuOH+, Pb2+, PbOH+, Zn2+ e ZnOH+, as quais apresentam-se em concentrações classificadas quimicamente como subsaturadas, exceto pelo CuOH+. Contudo, apenas o cobre excedeu os limites estabelecidos pela legislação. Outrossim, as análises realizadas nas amostras de sedimentos comprovaram a presença e concentrações acima dos valores de referência adotados pela FEPAM, para o cobre, para o chumbo e para o zinco, enquanto que o arsênio não foi detectado pelo método utilizado. As maiores acumulações de metal no sedimento foram de cobre, seguidos pelo chumbo e zinco. Conclui-se que há contaminação no entorno da Mina Cerro Rico, por cobre, chumbo e zinco, e que estes estão presentes no ambiente, principalmente, aderidos aos sedimentos. / A mining is a basic activity in the world economy, and in Lavras do Sul the activity has been present since century XVIII. However, as exploration and processing of gold, generated many wastes, many of them toxic. How the region was a intense mining area for a while, the risks of contaminated the water by heavy metals, it became necessary research about that, taking into account the well-being of the population and environmental integrity. That way, were made analysis to determinate the presence and concentration of lead, copper, zinc and arsenic for the fact that’s elements are toxic in the aquatic environments, and their direct relationship with gold mining activities, in the springs and sediments in the Cerro Rico, for this was used the Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES). In addition, physical and chemical tests were performed to categorize the quality of the waters. The data obtained by the analysis are treated by a computer simulation, for relevant reactions to the environment, using the Phreeqc software. That’s results indicated that total alkalinity and a Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) presented inadequate results for a water class (3) analyzed. All the results were compared to the limits established by FEPAM and CONAMA. Were detected the presence of Pb, Cu, Zn and As in the water samples, mainly represented, by species H2AsO4-, HAsO42-, Cu2+, Cu+, CuOH+, Pb2+, PbOH+, Zn2+ and ZnOH+, which present in concentrations classified chemically how subsaturated, except for CuOH+. However, only copper has exceeded the limits set by legislation. The sediment analysis showed the presence and concentrations above the reference values adopted by FEPAM, for copper, for lead and for zinc, while arsenic was not detected by the method used. The largest accumulations were of copper, followed by lead and zinc. Concludes that the verify area around the Cerro Rico’s mine is contaminated, by copper, lead and zinc, and that these are present in the environment, mostly, on the sediments.