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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Desenvolvimento e aplicação de um método de análise de mapas conceituais com o objetivo de acompanhar mudanças na compreensão de um grupo de alunos sobre o tema equilíbrio químico / Development and application of a method of analysis of Concept Maps in order to monitor changes in the understanding of a group of students on the subject of Chemical Equilibrium

Regina Raquel Gonçalves Cavalcanti 12 September 2011 (has links)
Neste trabalho utilizou-se o mapa conceitual como ferramenta para analisar a estrutura conceitual de alunos de um curso de graduação em química de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo, sobre o tema equilíbrio químico em dois momentos distintos, o primeiro ao ingressarem na universidade e o segundo após um ano de curso. Os mapas foram analisados utilizando uma adaptação do método de Análise Estrutural de Mapas Conceituais (AEMC adaptada). Teve-se como meta do trabalho: a) Avaliar, através de mapas conceituais elaborados pelos alunos a estrutura conceitual dos mesmos referente ao conceito equilíbrio químico; b) Descrever e analisar a evolução das relações entre os principais conceitos envolvidos no tema feitas por alunos no seu ingresso no curso de graduação e após um ano de curso, quando são submetidos pela primeira vez a um estudo sistemático do tema. Pretendeu-se assim, verificar quais foram às mudanças mais significativas ocorridas em decorrência das disciplinas ministradas neste período e c) Estabelecer uma relação entre estas mudança com o processo de ensino ao qual o aluno foi submetido, ou seja, como a estrutura conceitual dos estudantes a respeito do tema mudou em função do processo de aprendizado a que foram submetidos. Concluiu-se que a ferramenta desenvolvida durante a pesquisa foi muito útil na análise proposta; onde os alunos ingressantes definem o Equilíbrio químico como o estado onde as velocidades das reações se igualam sem relacionar a conceitos da termodinâmica, estes também, demonstraram muitos conhecimentos oriundos de como o conceito é apresentado no ensino médio. Verificou-se também que os estudantes ao serem submetidos à disciplinas relacionadas ao tópico equilíbrio químico modificaram seu entendimento sobre o tema. / In this work it was used the Concept Map as a tool for analyzing the conceptual structure of students in an undergraduate degree in Chemistry from a public university in the state of São Paulo, on the subject of Chemical Equilibrium at two different times, the first at the moment when entered in the university and second after a year. The maps were analyzed using an adaptation of the method of Structural Analysis of Concept Maps (AEMC adaptada). The objectives of work were: a) Explore and modify a method of analysis of Concept Maps in order to obtain a Concept Map that shows the main conceptual connection of a group of students in order to graphically represent their conceptual structure; b) Evaluate, through Concept Maps prepared by students their conceptual framework for the Chemical Equilibrium concept; c) Describe and analyze the evolution of relations between the main concepts involved on the subject made by students in their admission to the undergraduate course and after one year course, when they are first subjected to a systematic study of the subject. Thus the intention was to verify which were most significant changes occurred as a result of the matter taught in this period and d) Establish a connection between these changes with the teaching process to which the student was submitted, ie, how the conceptual framework of students regarding the subject changed as a function of the learning process they have submitted. It was concluded that the tool developed during the research was very useful in analyzing the proposal, which the new students define the Chemical Equilibrium as state where the velocities of reactions are equal without relating the concepts of thermodynamics, they also showed a lot of knowledge from as the concept is presented in high school. It was also found that students be subjected to the disciplines related to the topic Chemical Equilibrium changed their understanding of the subject, therefore, provide a greater number of connections between the different concepts involved on the matter.
22

Comparing the Effect of Reflections, Written Exercises, and Multimedia Instruction to Address Learners’ Misconceptions Using Structural Assessment of Knowledge

Sarwar, Gul Shahzad January 2012 (has links)
The study assessed the knowledge structure of Grade 11 physics students and their instructors using Pathfinder networks. Instructors’ structural knowledge was averaged to create a referent pathfinder network. Each student’s pathfinder network was compared with the referent pathfinder network in order to identify misconceptions. These misconceptions served as the basis for remedial instruction. The study was conducted in six sections of Grade 11. Three different types of remedial instruction based on three different chapters from the Grade 11 physics textbook were given to the students at three separate stages. In the first section, students were shown their own and referent pathfinder networks as an intervention during the first stage. The students were asked to reflect on the similarities and differences between them. The researcher gave written concept-oriented exercises based on the differences at the second stage, and multimedia concept-oriented instruction based on the differences was given to the students at the third stage. The order of instruction was counterbalanced in all the six sections. After each stage, students’ pathfinder networks were reassessed and the similarities between students’ and the referent pathfinder networks were calculated to measure the effect of a particular intervention. The study tried to determine which type of remedial instruction given to students best improved the knowledge structure of the students in the domain of physics. Results revealed that the similarity indices around the treatment concepts in the pathfinder networks of the students increased the most from pre- to post-intervention phase because of their reflections, followed by multimedia concept-oriented instruction and written concept-oriented exercises. Most likely, the major reason for this change was the interventions around the treatment concepts by the researcher at three different stages which stimulated and probably changed some of students’ misconceptions. To address the issue of validity, the similarity indices of control concepts in the students’ pathfinder networks were also checked for improvement. The result shows that there is no appreciable improvement in control concepts as there was no intervention around those concepts. Findings support the use of structural assessment of knowledge with pathfinder scaling technique to check the effectiveness of a classroom instruction.
23

Providing Intelligent and Adaptive Support in Concept Map-based Learning Environments

January 2019 (has links)
abstract: Concept maps are commonly used knowledge visualization tools and have been shown to have a positive impact on learning. The main drawbacks of concept mapping are the requirement of training, and lack of feedback support. Thus, prior research has attempted to provide support and feedback in concept mapping, such as by developing computer-based concept mapping tools, offering starting templates and navigational supports, as well as providing automated feedback. Although these approaches have achieved promising results, there are still challenges that remain to be solved. For example, there is a need to create a concept mapping system that reduces the extraneous effort of editing a concept map while encouraging more cognitively beneficial behaviors. Also, there is little understanding of the cognitive process during concept mapping. What’s more, current feedback mechanisms in concept mapping only focus on the outcome of the map, instead of the learning process. This thesis work strives to solve the fundamental research question: How to leverage computer technologies to intelligently support concept mapping to promote meaningful learning? To approach this research question, I first present an intelligent concept mapping system, MindDot, that supports concept mapping via innovative integration of two features, hyperlink navigation, and expert template. The system reduces the effort of creating and modifying concept maps while encouraging beneficial activities such as comparing related concepts and establishing relationships among them. I then present the comparative strategy metric that modes student learning by evaluating behavioral patterns and learning strategies. Lastly, I develop an adaptive feedback system that provides immediate diagnostic feedback in response to both the key learning behaviors during concept mapping and the correctness and completeness of the created maps. Empirical evaluations indicated that the integrated navigational and template support in MindDot fostered effective learning behaviors and facilitating learning achievements. The comparative strategy model was shown to be highly representative of learning characteristics such as motivation, engagement, misconceptions, and predicted learning results. The feedback tutor also demonstrated positive impacts on supporting learning and assisting the development of effective learning strategies that prepare learners for future learning. This dissertation contributes to the field of supporting concept mapping with designs of technological affordances, a process-based student model, an adaptive feedback tutor, empirical evaluations of these proposed innovations, and implications for future support in concept mapping. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Computer Science 2019
24

Didaktické aspekty pojmového mapování na základní škole / Didactic Aspects of Concept Mapping in Lower Secondary Education

Vaňková, Petra January 2016 (has links)
TITLE: Didactic Aspects of Concept Mapping in Lower Secondary Education AUTHOR: Mgr. Petra Vaňková DEPARTMENT: Department of Information Technology and Technical Education SUPERVISOR: doc. PhDr. Vladimír Rambousek, CSc. ABSTRACT: This dissertation aims to examine the educational potential of concept maps in elementary schools and contribute to the expansion of pedagogic theory in the area of didactic resources, as well as develop a constructively oriented method of education. This work defines concept maps as didactic tools; describes them in terms of functional and didactic specifics; analyzes their theoretical results from psychological and pedagogical perspectives; and describes their potential usage in the educational process. This dissertation further focuses on the determinants that influence concept map implementation in teaching, analyzes potential assessment methods, and demonstrates several approaches for utilizing ICT to support work involving concept maps. Empirical research results are used to illuminate the didactic potential of concept maps and methods to incorporate them in teaching. This work represents a comprehensive study overview of concept maps that examines the topic from various angles and directions as they pertain to education. KEYWORDS: concept map, education, didactic tool,...
25

Feedback zu Concept Maps im betriebswirtschaftlichen Planspielunterricht - eine empirische Untersuchung

Ryssel, Jeannine 21 May 2019 (has links)
Um Lernende schon frühzeitig auf die komplexen Problemsituationen der Arbeitswelt vorzubereiten, muss die Ausbildung zukunftsfähig gestaltet werden. Dafür ist ein aktiver und selbstgesteuerter Umgang mit komplexen Sachverhalten erforderlich. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden verstärkt Komplexe Lehr-Lern-Arrangements, z. B. Planspiele, eingesetzt. Lernende werden auf diese Weise spielerisch mit authentischen realitätsnahen Situationen konfrontiert. Hierbei gilt es zu beachten, dass Planspiele selbst bei einer angemessenen Konstruktion nicht automatisch lernwirksam sind. Umfangreiche Forschung hat gezeigt, dass Planspiele keine Selbstläufer sind und es einer instruktionalen Unterstützung, z. B. durch den Einsatz von Lernstrategien, bedarf. Eine mögliche Lernstrategie stellt dabei die Anwendung von Concept Maps dar, da gerade diese Lernstrategie das Verständnis von Zusammenhängen besonders gut fördern kann. Dabei hat die Forschung zu Concept Mapping gezeigt, dass insbesondere fachlich und methodisch unerfahrene Lernende instruktional unterstützt werden müssen. Eine Möglichkeit ist dabei, den Lernenden Feedback zu ihren erstellten Concept Maps zu geben, um ihre kognitive Belastung zu reduzieren. Für die Untersuchung wurden die beiden Forschungsstränge zum Concept Mapping und zum Feedback miteinander verbunden. Ziel der Untersuchung war es herauszufinden, inwieweit Feedback zu Concept Maps tatsächlich zu einer Verbesserung der Lernleistung führt und welches Feedback dabei ggf. lernwirksamer ist. Des Weiteren stellte sich die Frage, inwieweit die Lernwirksamkeit eines ergänzenden Feedbacks bzw. die Art des Feedbacks von personalen oder situativen Einflussfaktoren abhängt. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden drei Forschungsfragen bearbeitet: 1) Inwieweit ist ergänzendes Feedback (FB) zu erstellten Concept Maps lernwirksamer als die Erstellung von Concept Maps ohne ergänzendes Feedback? 2) Welches Feedback ist lernwirksamer: einfaches (EiFB) oder elaboriertes Feedback (ElFB)? 3) Inwieweit beeinflussen das Vorwissen, die Sprachfähigkeit, die Einschätzung des Umgangs mit Concept Mapping, die Einschätzung der Nützlichkeit des Feedbacks, die Einschätzung des Umgangs mit Fehlern sowie die Aufgabenanforderungen der Lernaufgabe die Lernwirksamkeit des Feedbacks? Die Untersuchung wurde im Rahmen des betriebswirtschaftlichen Planspielunterrichts durchgeführt. Ausgewählt wurde das von der BTI GmbH entwickelte Planspiel Easy BusinessTM, welches spielerisch den Wertschöpfungsprozess eines Produktionsunternehmens vermittelt und die Schüler die Folgen des Handelns in der jährlichen Rechnungslegung erleben lässt. Um die Lernwirksamkeit zu operationalisieren, wurde der Wissenserwerb anhand der Ergebnisse eines Paralleltests (Vortest, 1. Nachtest und 2. Nachtest) sowie anhand der Qualität der erstellten Maps analysiert. Auf diese Weise dienten die Concept Maps nicht nur der instruktionalen Unterstützung, sondern wurden auch zur Wissensdiagnose verwendet. Als Erhebungsinstrumente wurden weiterhin ein Sprachfähigkeitstest und ein Fragebogen zur Einschätzung des Umgangs mit Concept Mapping, der Nützlichkeit des Feedbacks sowie des Umgangs mit Fehlern eingesetzt. An der Feldstudie nahmen 83 Schülerinnen und Schüler achter und neunter Klassen zweier sächsischer Mittelschulen im Rahmen der Berufsvorbereitung teil. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 13,9 Jahre. Die Untersuchung erstreckte sich über zwei Tage. Vor der Intervention wurde ein Vortest als Paralleltest (1. Teil des Paralleltests) und ein Sprachfähigkeitstest (Wilde-Intelligenz-Test 2) eingesetzt. In der abschließenden Testphase wurde der 1. Nachtest (2. Teil des Paralleltests) durchgeführt. Zusätzlich erhielten die Probanden einen Fragebogen, um die Methode des Concept Mapping und die Nützlichkeit des Feedbacks zu bewerten sowie den allgemeinen Umgang mit Fehlern einzuschätzen. Nach 9 Wochen wurde ein 2. Nachtest durchgeführt. Die Probanden wurden einer Kontrollgruppe (n=27), welche lediglich das Planspiel spielte, oder einer von drei Experimentalgruppen, kein FB (n=18), EiFB (n=18) oder ElFB (n=20), zugeordnet. In Vorbereitung auf die Untersuchung wurde die Methode des Concept Mapping eingeübt. Das Erstellen der Concept Maps wurde in den Planspielunterricht integriert. Dabei wurden von den Probanden der Experimentalgruppen insgesamt drei Mapping-Aktivitäten zu den wichtigsten Zusammenhängen durchgeführt. Die Gruppe kein FB erstellte lediglich die drei Concept Maps. Die Gruppe EiFB erhielt zusätzlich einfaches Feedback in Form des jeweiligen Referenzmaps als richtige Lösung. Nach jeder der drei Mapping-Aktivitäten wurde ein Referenzmap zur Verfügung gestellt, mit dem sich die Schüler intensiv auseinandersetzen sollten. Zusätzlich konnten sie in einer Kopie ihrer zuvor angefertigten Concept Maps Änderungen vornehmen. Die Gruppe ElFB erhielt ebenfalls einfaches Feedback in der beschriebenen Form. Darüber hinaus wurden Fehler exemplarisch anhand eines Schülernetzes sowie die drei Referenznetze in einem Lehrer-Schüler-Gespräch besprochen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zunächst tendenziell, dass das Concept Mapping gegenüber der alleinigen Durchführung des Planspiels vorteilhaft ist. Bezogen auf das Feedback sind die Ergebnisse nicht eindeutig. Feedback (insbesondere elaboriertes Feedback) zu Concept Maps im betriebswirtschaftlichen Planspielunterricht scheint insbesondere für Probanden mit niedrigem Vorwissen und niedriger Sprachfähigkeit lernwirksam zu sein, wobei sich diese Effekte nur kurzfristig zeigen. Probanden, welche Feedback erhalten, sind in der Lage, Concept Maps mit einer höheren Qualität zu erstellen, als Probanden, welche kein Feedback erhalten. Dabei zeigt sich ein tendenzieller Vorteil des elaborierten gegenüber dem einfachen Feedback. Vor dem Einsatz der Methode Concept Mapping in Verbindung mit Feedback sollte daher das Vorwissen und die Sprachfähigkeit überprüft werden und entsprechend der Fähigkeiten Feedback angeboten werden. Um auch langfristige Effekte zu erzielen, ist es ratsam, die Methode Concept Mapping mehr zu üben und in den Lernprozess zu integrieren. Insbesondere im Unterrichtskontext könnten Lehrpersonen das Concept Mapping als kontinuierliche Methode einsetzen und in Abhängigkeit von individuellen Voraussetzungen und Aufgabenanforderungen um Feedback ergänzen. Die Anwendungsgebiete des Concept Mapping als Lernstrategie und als Diagnoseinstrument könnten dabei verbunden werden. Ergänzende Fehleranalysen der Maps könnten der Lehrperson helfen, falsche und fehlende Zusammenhänge zu identifizieren. Indem das Feedback entsprechend der Bedürfnisse der Lernenden mit der Methode des Concept Mapping verbunden wird, ist es somit möglich, den Planspielunterricht so zu unterstützen, dass eine Tiefenverarbeitung der erlernten Inhalte erreicht wird und die Lernenden auf die komplexen Anforderungen des beruflichen Alltags vorbereitet werden.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 2 Feedback in Lehr-Lernprozessen 2.1 Theoretische Grundlagen zum Feedback in Lehr-Lernprozessen 2.1.1 Bestimmung des Begriffs Feedback in Lehr-Lernprozessen 2.1.2 Funktionen und Ebenen von Feedback in Lehr-Lernprozessen 2.1.3 Klassifikation von Feedback in Lehr-Lernprozessen 2.1.3.1 Klassifikation von Feedback in Lehr-Lernprozessen anhand ausgewählter Kriterien 2.1.3.2 Klassifikation von Feedback in Lehr-Lernprozessen anhand des Kriteriums der Komplexität der Feedbacknachricht nach einfachem und elaboriertem Feedback 2.1.4 Feedbackmodelle zur Feedbackrezeption und/oder -gestaltung 2.1.4.1 Makromodelle von Kulhavy und Stock (1989) sowie von Bangert-Drowns u. a. (1991) 2.1.4.2 Mikromodell von Narciss (2006) 2.1.4.3 Rahmenmodell von Strijbos und Müller (2014) 2.1.4.4 Erweitertes Rahmenmodell zur Gestaltung und Verarbeitung von Feedback 2.2 Empirische Befunde zur Lernwirksamkeit des Feedbacks 2.2.1 Überblick über Metanalysen zur Lernwirksamkeit von Feedback 2.2.2 Studien zur Lernwirksamkeit des Feedbacks in Abhängigkeit von der Komplexität der Feedbacknachricht 2.2.3 Studien zur Lernwirksamkeit des Feedbacks in Abhängigkeit von der Feedback-Form 2.2.4 Studien zur Lernwirksamkeit des Feedbacks in Abhängigkeit von (inter-) personalen Faktoren 2.2.5 Studien zur Lernwirksamkeit des Feedbacks in Abhängigkeit von situativen Faktoren 2.2.6 Zusammenfassung der empirischen Befunde zur Lernwirksamkeit des Feedbacks 3 Concept Maps in Lehr-Lernprozessen 3.1 Theoretische Grundlagen zu Concept Maps in Lehr-Lernprozessen 3.1.1 Bestimmung des Begriffs und Klassifikation von Concept Maps 3.1.2 Anwendungsgebiete von Concept Maps in Lehr-Lernprozessen 3.1.3 Theoretische Ansätze zur Lernwirksamkeit von Concept Maps 3.2 Empirische Befunde zur Lernwirksamkeit von Concept Maps 3.2.1 Überblick über Metanalysen zur Lernwirksamkeit von Concept Maps 3.2.2 Studien zum Einfluss von Vorwissen, verbalen Voraussetzungen, kognitiven Fähigkeiten und dem Training der Methode auf die Lernwirksamkeit von Concept Maps 3.2.3 Studien zur Lernwirksamkeit von Feedback zu Concept Maps 4 Empirische Untersuchung zur Lernwirksamkeit von Feedback zu Concept Maps – Konzeption, Erhebung und Auswertung 4.1 Gestaltung der Untersuchung 4.1.1 Fragestellungen und Hypothesen 4.1.2 Stichprobe und Untersuchungsdesign 4.2 Gestaltung der Lernmaterialien und Interventionsmaßnahmen 4.2.1 Planspielunterricht mit Easy Business 4.2.2 Gestaltung des Concept Mapping 4.2.3 Gestaltung des Feedbacks 4.3 Erhebungsinstrumente 4.3.1 Wissenstest als Paralleltest 4.3.2 Sprachfähigkeitstest 4.3.3 Fragebogen zur Einschätzung des Umgangs mit Concept Mapping, der Nützlichkeit des Feedbacks sowie des Umgangs mit Fehlern 4.4 Auswertung der Wissenstests und des Sprachfähigkeitstests 4.4.1 Auswertung der Wissenstests 4.4.2 Auswertung des Sprachfähigkeitstests 4.5 Auswertung der Concept Maps 4.5.1 Kategoriale und strukturelle Inhaltsanalyse 4.5.2 Qualitative Bewertung der Concept Maps 4.6 Auswertung des Fragebogens zur Einschätzung des Umgangs mit Concept Mapping, des Umgangs mit Fehlern sowie der Nützlichkeit des Feedbacks 4.6.1 Auswertung des Teil-Fragebogens zur Einschätzung des Concept Mapping 4.6.2 Auswertung des Teil-Fragebogens zur Einschätzung der Nützlichkeit des Feedbacks 4.6.3 Auswertung des Teil-Fragebogens zur Einschätzung des Umgangs mit Fehlern 5 Empirische Untersuchung zur Lernwirksamkeit von Feedback zu Concept Maps – Analysen und Ergebnisse 5.1 Analysen zum Einfluss der Art des Feedbacks 5.1.1 Analysen zum Einfluss der Art des Feedbacks auf den Wissenserwerb 5.1.1.1 Analyse der Lernwirksamkeit des Concept Mapping 5.1.1.2 Gruppenunterschiede hinsichtlich des Wissenserwerbs 5.1.1.3 Einfluss von personalen und weiteren Faktoren auf den Wissenserwerb 5.1.1.3.1 Einfluss von Vorwissen, Sprachfähigkeit, der Einschätzung zum Umgang mit Concept Mapping und zum Umgang mit Fehlern auf den Wissenserwerb 5.1.1.3.2 Einfluss von niedrigem bzw. hohem Vorwissen auf den Wissenserwerb 5.1.1.3.3 Einfluss von niedriger bzw. hoher Sprachfähigkeit auf den Wissenserwerb 5.1.1.4 Einfluss des Lernzielniveaus auf den Wissenserwerb 5.1.1.4.1 Gruppenunterschiede hinsichtlich des Wissenserwerbs für einfache Aufgaben 5.1.1.4.2 Gruppenunterschiede hinsichtlich des Wissenserwerbs für komplexe Aufgaben 5.1.1.5 Einfluss von personalen und weiteren Faktoren auf den Wissenserwerb einfacher bzw. komplexer Aufgaben 5.1.1.6 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse und Bewertung der Hypothesen hinsichtlich des Wissenserwerbs 5.1.2 Einfluss der Art des Feedbacks auf die Qualität der Maps 5.1.2.1 Gruppenunterschiede hinsichtlich der Map-Qualität 5.1.2.2 Einfluss des Vorwissens, der Sprachfähigkeit, der Einschätzung zum Umgang mit Concept Mapping und zum Umgang mit Fehlern auf die Qualität der Maps 5.1.2.3 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse und Bewertung der Hypothesen hinsichtlich der Qualität der Maps 5.1.3 Einfluss der Qualität der Maps auf den Wissenserwerb 5.1.3.1 Einfluss der Qualität des 1., 2. und 3. Maps auf den 1. bzw. 2. Nachtest 5.1.3.2 Einfluss von niedriger bzw. hoher Qualität des 2. Maps auf den Wissenserwerb 5.1.3.3 Einfluss von niedriger bzw. hoher Qualität des 3. Maps auf den Wissenserwerb 5.1.3.4 Einfluss der Qualität des 1., 2. und 3. Maps auf den Wissenserwerb einfacher und komplexer Aufgaben 5.1.3.5 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse und Bewertung der Hypothesen zum Einfluss der Qualität der Maps auf den Wissenserwerb 5.2 Analysen zum Umgang mit dem Feedback sowie Analyse der Fehler in den Concept Maps 5.2.1 Analysen zum Umgang mit dem Feedback 5.2.2 Analysen der Fehler in den Concept Maps 5.2.3 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse zum Umgang mit dem Feedback und der Fehleranalyse 5.3 Interpretation der Ergebnisse 6 Schlussbetrachtung 6.1 Zusammenfassung 6.2 Kritische Würdigung, Optimierungsvorschläge und Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis
26

Analysis of the Psychometric Properties of Two Different Concept-Map Assessment Tasks

Plummer, Kenneth James 07 March 2008 (has links) (PDF)
The ability to make sense of a wide array of stimuli presupposes the human tendency to organize information in a meaningful way. Efforts to assess the degree to which students organize information meaningfully have been hampered by several factors including the idiosyncratic way in which individuals represent their knowledge either with words or visually. Concept maps have been used as tools by researchers and educators alike to assist students in understanding the conceptual interrelationships within a subject domain. One concept-map assessment in particular known as the construct-a-map task has shown great promise in facilitating reliable and valid inferences from student concept-map ratings. With all of its promise, however, the construct-a-map task is burdened with several rating difficulties. One challenge in particular is that no published rubric has been developed that accounts for the degree to which individual propositions are important to an understanding of the overall topic or theme of the map. This study represents an attempt to examine the psychometric properties of two construct-a-map tasks designed to overcome in part this rating difficulty. The reliability of the concept-map ratings was calculated using a person-by-rater-by-occasion fully crossed design. This design made it possible to use generalizability theory to identify and estimate the variance in the ratings contributed by the three factors mentioned, the interaction effects, and unexplained error. The criterion validity of the concept-map ratings was examined by computing Pearson correlations between concept-map and essay ratings and concept-map and interview transcript ratings. The generalizability coefficients for student mean ratings were moderate to very high: .73 and .94 for the first concept-mapping task and .74 and .87 for the second concept-mapping task. A relatively large percentage of the rating variability was contributed by the object of measurement. Both tasks correlated highly with essay and interview ratings: .62 to .81.
27

From Corporate Greenwashing to Ecopreneurship: Sustainability as a Business Model

Lenczuk, Hannah January 2017 (has links)
Being green has never been as omnipresent as nowadays. Finite resources, growing population, natural resources degradation, and biodiversity loss to name some examples are reasons why major changes towards greener strategies in the economy are needed (Volery, 2015). Although research in the field of sustainable entrepreneurship has increased in the past two decades, no clear definition of ecopreneurship is existing yet. Many different terms are used to describe a similar concept (Gast, Gundolf, and Cesinger, 2017). It is self-explanatory that ecological sustainable entrepreneurship is a subfield of entrepreneurship, but the relation to social entrepreneurship gets blurry. With the help of a systematic literature review and interviews with experts, the question of how ecological sustainable entrepreneurship, which in the following is named ecopreneurship, can be defined as a subfield of entrepreneurship, is answered. The results of the literature review are analyzed with the focus on similarities and differences in definitions and put into context in a concept map to create a new and clearer definition of ecopreneurship. Furthermore interviews with experts in research and the industry are used to verify the newly formed definition and compare the findings in the literature with how researchers and practitioners see the field. Throughout the analysis, the question of how ecopreneurship differentiates from social entrepreneurship, is present. A detailed analysis of the relations between sustainability-related subforms of entrepreneurship brings better insights on how ecopreneurship is linked to social entrepreneurship. In summary defining ecopreneurship is di cult, because some characteristics can be interpreted in many dfferent ways depending on the perspective it is looked at. Findings in the literature are very much in line with how researchers and practitioners see and define the field. Nevertheless, different approaches towards ecopreneurship result in slightly different characteristics of ecopreneurship. This work provides future researchers with a clear defini- tion of what ecopreneurship is and how it is related to concepts like social entrepreneurship, sustainability entrepreneurship and traditional entrepreneurship.
28

The Effects of Varied Instructional Aids and Field Dependence-Independence on Learners’ Structural Knowledge in a Hypermedia Environment

Wang, Aifang January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
29

Development of a Knowledge Assessment System Based on Concept Maps and Differential Weighting Approaches

Tao, Congwu 27 October 2015 (has links)
This study explored the feasibility and practicability of designing and developing a Knowledge Assessment System (KAS) for assessing different types of knowledge as defined in the revision of Bloom's Taxonomy (Anderson et al., 2001). The KAS created as a result of this study is based on concept maps and employs two differential weighting approaches. It is a developmental study, which includes the design phase, development phase and evaluation phase. The general software system design model (Sommerville, 2009) was adopted to guide the design of the Knowledge Assessment System based on its procedures, including system requirements analysis, architecture design, component design, interface design, and database design. The assessment criteria in this system are designed to be proposition-based and consist of either a non-weighting approach or a weighting approach, which can help provide instructors with flexible assessing methods as well as help them obtain a whole picture of what kinds of knowledge their students have grasped and to what extent the students have mastered that knowledge, based on the student-created concept maps. The two differential weighting approaches initially compare student-created concept maps with expert maps stored in the system. Because some correct propositions in student concept maps may be not included in the initial expert concept maps, the system is designed to continually refine the assessment criterion by inspecting and evaluating the correctness of the propositions in the student-created concept maps and adding the results to the system's database. The current system is able to assess three types of knowledge: factual, conceptual, and procedural, all of which are defined in the revision of Bloom's Taxonomy (Anderson et al., 2001). The assessment process begins with the assignment of different types of concept map tasks entered and stored in the Knowledge Assessment System. Following by student completion of the tasks and submission of a concept map, the submitted concept map is compared to the criteria stored in the system and a performance report is generated. The research results show that the Knowledge Assessment System based on concept maps and two differential weighting approaches can act as a useful tool for assessing students' factual, conceptual and procedural knowledge based on their concept maps. / Ph. D.
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Desenvolvimento e validação de um questionário para avaliar o nível de proficiência de alunos em mapeamento conceitual / Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess the level of student\'s understanding about concept maps

Aguiar, Joana Guilares de 20 June 2012 (has links)
Mapa conceitual (MC) é uma técnica de organização e representação do conhecimento através de uma rede proposicional. Ainda que utilizado no âmbito da educação formal poucos trabalhos mencionam a importância e necessidade da capacitação na técnica para que se possa desfrutar de seus benefícios. Este estudo desenvolveu um instrumento para avaliar o nível de conhecimento de mapeadores após o processo de capacitação em MCs. A tabela de clareza proposicional, o MC semiestruturado e a aprendizagem colaborativa expandida foram três estratégias instrucionais desenvolvidas a fim de permitir que os alunos compreendessem os quatro conceitos centrais do mapeamento conceitual: proposição, questão focal, recursividade e hierarquia. Um questionário (escala Likert 5-níveis) contendo cinco afirmações foi desenvolvido, validado (? de Cronbach 0,902) e aplicado para medir a compreensão dos alunos sobre os MCs. Os questionários (n = 232) foram coletados na última aula da disciplina Ciências da Natureza, oferecida aos alunos ingressantes da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (EACH/USP Leste) em 2009 e 2010. Quatro turmas receberam treinamento sistemático em MCs (grupo experimental) enquanto uma turma não recebeu o mesmo treinamento (grupo controle). A análise dos dados envolveu o tratamento estatístico de comparação entre médias por teste-t de Student e a estatística multivariada exploratória com métodos de reconhecimento de padrões através das análises hierárquica de agrupamentos (HCA) e de componentes principais (PCA). O resultado do teste-t confirmou que o questionário foi capaz de diferenciar alunos do grupo experimental em relação ao grupo controle. A HCA agrupou os alunos de acordo com seu nível de entendimento em mapeamento conceitual e a PCA, além de corroborar com os resultados da HCA, indicou que o entendimento da clareza semântica de proposições e da importância da pergunta focal são críticos para se tornar proficiente na técnica. / Concept Map (Cmap) is a technique to organize and represent knowledge through a propositional net. Although the fact that concept maps are used in formal education context few papers has mentioned the importance and necessity of a straight-forward training session on the technique, which allow to enjoy its benefits. This study develops an instrument to assess the level of knowledge of mappers after the straight-forward training session. The propositional clarity table, the half structured Cmap and the expanded collaborative learning were the three strategies responsible to guarantee the understanding of four central concepts in conceptual mapping: proposition, focal question, recursivity revision and hierarchy. Five statements\' questionnaire (five-level Likert\'s scale) was developed, validated (Cronbach\'s alpha 0.902) and tested to assess the students\' understanding about Cmaps. Those questionnaires (n = 232) was collected on the last class of Natural Science course offered to first year\'s students of the Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (School of Arts, Science and Humanities - University of São Paulo) in 2009 and 2010. Four classes was systematic trained (experimental group) and one class does not received the same training (control group). The data analysis involved the statistical treatment to comparison between the means by Student\'s t-test and non-supervised exploratory multivariate analysis for pattern recognition by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results of t-test confirmed the questionnaire capability to distinguish the students of experimental from control group. HCA clustered the students according to their knowlodge level in concept mapping. PCA not only agree with the HCA results but also demonstrated that the understanding of propositional clarity semantic and the importance of focal question are critical to students that desire to be proficiencies in Cmaps.

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