Development of modern aircraft has become more and more expensive and time consuming. In order to minimize the development cost, an improvement of the conceptual design phase is needed. The desired goal of the project is to enhance the functionality of an in house produced framework conducted at the department of machine design, consisting of parametric models representing a large variety of aircraft concepts. The first part of the work consists of the construction of geometric aircraft control surfaces such as flaps, aileron, rudder and elevator parametrically in CATIA V5. The second part of the work involves designing and simulating an Inverse dynamic model in Dymola software. An Excel interface has been developed between CATIA and Dymola. Parameters can be varied in the interface as per user specification; these values are sent to CATIA or Dymola and vice versa. The constructed concept model of control surfaces has been tested for different aircraft shapes and layout. The simulation has been done in Dymola for the control surfaces.

Nowadays, computers are extensively used in engineering modeling and simulation fields in many different ways, one of which is in chemical engineering. Simulation and modeling of a chemical process plant and the sizing of the equipment with the assistance of computers, is of special interests to process engineers and investors. This is due to the ability of high speed computers, which make millions of mathematical calculations in less than a second associated with the new powerful software that make the engineering calculations more reliable and precise by making very fast iterations in thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer calculations. This combination of new technological hardware and developed software enables process engineers to deal with simulation, design, optimization, control, analysis etc. of complex plants, e.g. refinery and petrochemical plants, reliably and satisfactorily. The main chemical process simulators used for static and dynamic simulations are ASPEN PLUS, ASPEN HYSYS, PRO II, and CHEMCAD. The basic design concepts of all simulators are the same and one can fairly use all simulators if one is expert in any of them. Hydrogenation process is an example of the complex plants, to which a special attention is made by process designers and manufacturers. This process is used for upgrading of hydrocarbon feeds containing sulfur, nitrogen and/or other unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds. In oil and gas refineries, the product of steam cracking cuts, which is valuable, may be contaminated by these unwanted components and thus there is a need to remove those pollutants in downstream of the process. Hydrogenation is also used to increase the octane number of gasoline and gas oil. Sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen compounds and other unsaturated hydrocarbons are undesired components causing environmental issues, production of by-products, poisoning the catalysts and corrosion of the equipment. The unsaturated C=C double bonds in dioleffinic and alkenyl aromatics compounds, on the other hand, cause unwanted polymerization reactions due to having the functionality equal to or greater than 2. Hydrogenation process of the undesired components will remove those impurities and/or increase the octane number of aforementioned hydrocarbons. This process is sometimes referred to as “hydrotreating”; however, “upgrader” is a general word and is, of course, of more interest. In this thesis, a hydrogenation process plant was designed on the basis of the chemistry of hydrocarbons, hydrogenation reaction mechanism, detailed study of thermodynamics and kinetics and then a steady-state simulation and design of the process is carried out by ASPEN HYSYS 2006 followed by design evaluation and some modifications and conclusions. Hydrogenation reaction has a complicated mechanism. It has been subjected to hot and controversial debates over decades. Many kinetic data are available, which contradict one another. Among them, some of the experimental researches utilize good assumptions in order to simplify the mechanism so that a “Kinetic Reaction” modeling can be employed. This thesis takes the benefit of such research works and applies some conditions to approve the validity of those assumptions. On the basis of this detailed study of reaction modeling and kinetic data, a hydrogenation plant was designed to produce and purify over 98 million kilograms of different products; e.g. Benzene, Toluene, Iso-octane etc. with fairly high purity.

Due to its complex and multidisciplinary nature, the conceptual design phase of helicopters becomes critical in meeting customer satisfaction. Statistical (probabilistic) design methods can be employed to understand the design better and target a design with lower variability. In this thesis, a conceptual design and helicopter sizing methodology is developed and shown on a helicopter design for Turkey.

The main goal of this thesis is the development of a novel methodology to generate creative solutions at functional level for design tasks without binding solution spaces with designers&rsquo / individual experiences and prejudices. For this purpose, an evolutionary methodology for the conceptual design of engineering products has been proposed. This methodology performs evaluation, combination and modification of the existing solutions repetitively to generate new solution alternatives. Therefore, initially a representation scheme, which is generic enough to cover all alternatives in solution domain, has been defined. Following that, the evolutionary operations have been defined and two evaluation metrics have been proposed. Finally, the computer implementation of the developed theory has been performed. The test-runs of developed software resulted in creative alternatives for the design task. Consequently, the evolutionary design methodology presents a systematic design approach for less experienced or inexperienced designers and establishes a base for experienced designers to conceive many other solution alternatives beyond their experiences.

The required useful service lives of gas turbine components and parts are naturally one of the major design constraints limiting the gas turbine design space. For example, the required service life of a turbine blade limits the firing temperature in the combustor, which in turn limits the performance of the gas turbine. For a cooled turbine blade, it also determines the necessary cooling flow, which has a strong impact on the turbine efficiency. In most gas turbine design practices, the life prediction is only emphasized during or after the detailed design has been completed. Limited life prediction efforts have been made in the early design stages, but these efforts capture only a few of the necessary key factors, such as centrifugal stress. Furthermore, the early stage prediction methods are usually hard coded in the gas turbine system design tools and hidden from the system designer s view. The common failure mechanisms affecting the service life, such as creep, fatigue and oxidation, are highly sensitive to the material temperatures and/or stresses. Calculation of these temperatures and stresses requires that the geometry, material properties, and operating conditions be known; information not typically available in early stages of design. Even without awareness of the errors, the resulting inaccuracy in the life prediction may mislead the system designers when examining a design space which is bounded indirectly by the inaccurate required life constraints. Furthermore, because intensive creep lifing analysis is possible only towards the end of the design process, any errors or changes will cost the engine manufacturer significant money; money that could be saved if more comprehensive creep lifing predictions were possible in the early stages of design. A rapid, physics-based life prediction method could address this problem by enabling the system designer to investigate the design space more thoroughly and accurately. Although not meant as a final decision method, the realistic trends will help to reduce risk, by providing greater insight into the bounded space at an earlier stage of the design. The method proposed by this thesis was developed by first identifying the missing pieces in the system design tools. Then, by bringing some key features from later stages of design and analysis forward through 0/1/2Ds dimensional modeling and simulation, the method allows estimation of the geometry, material selection, and the loading stemming from the operating conditions. Finally, after integration with a system design platform, the method provides a rapid and more complete way to allow system designers to better investigate the required life constraints. It also extracts the creep life as a system level metric to allow the designers to see the impact of their design decisions on life. The method is to be first applied to a cooled gas turbine blade and could be further development for other critical parts. These new developments are integrated to allow the system designers to better capture the blade creep life as well as its impact on the overall design.

A methodology for modeling general aviation transportation systems from a system of systems perspective is presented. The completed framework aids the conceptual design process by providing capability-based metrics to the design engineer, as opposed to the traditional performance and cost, system-level metrics. The methodology is applied to two example problems representing promising future general aviation aircraft: the general aviation piston (GAP) and jet (GAJ). Results are presented in an array of formats, and the decision-making strategies that are now apparent in light of the capability-based metrics are described. The findings suggest that the system of systems framework might act as an analytical surrogate to the conventional problem definition process, providing indications of market preferences when that information is not immediately available through the conventional means. Implementation of this methodology can afford engineers a more autonomous perspective in the concept exploration process, providing dynamic feedback about a design's potential success in specific market segments. The method also has potential to strengthen the connection between design and business departments, as well as between manufacturers, service providers, and infrastructure planners - bringing information about how the respective systems interact, and what might be done to improve synergism of systems.

O presente trabalho tem como proposta o projeto conceitual para construção do protótipo de máquina para conformação eletromagnética. Por definição conformação eletromagnética é o uso de um intenso campo eletromagnético para comprimir ou expandir peças de geometrias diversas dentre elas plana e circular. É um processo de conformação em alta velocidade onde não existe contato entre a peça e uma ferramenta, tendo como características bom acabamento e alta produtividade. A máquina é constituída por três partes principais: unidade de energia, bobina atuadora e estação de trabalho. A unidade de energia consiste em um banco de capacitores de alta voltagem que é carregado por uma fonte de alta tensão, o controle da máquina; bomba de vácuo; sistema de refrigeração e um interruptor de descarga principal que não pode exercer contato mecânico devido às altas correntes para que não ocorra soldagem dos terminais. A bobina atuadora é feita com material de alta condutividade elétrica e converte a corrente elétrica em pressão eletromagnética. A geometria da bobina deve ser adequada para a obtenção de peças metálicas de forma controlada para obtenção de geometrias pré-definidas. No instante em que a corrente dos capacitores é descarregada na bobina, um campo eletromagnético é gerado e induz correntes de Foucault na peça criando um campo eletromagnético com sentido contrário. A oposição destes campos gera força eletromagnética que conforma o material. A estação de trabalho é o local onde o material é inserido ou aproximado da bobina, podendo ser manual ou semi-manual. Para dar rigidez à bobina é necessário utilizar uma matriz feita de material que possua bom isolamento elétrico, priorizando a eficiência energética. Para este projeto será utilizada a metodologia de desenvolvimento de projeto baseada no método denominado desdobramento da função qualidade (QFD) onde gerar-se uma lista de requisitos contendo as especificações de projeto para esta máquina. Ao término da fase informacional inicia a fase conceitual onde o objetivo é gerar um conceito de máquina para conformação eletromagnética que poderá ser fabricada potencializando o desenvolvimento de produtos e processos inovadores, entre eles, os processos de conformação híbrida. / The paper proposes a conceptual design to construction of an electromagnetic forming device. By definition electromagnetic forming is the use of an intense electromagnetic field used to compress or expand several geometries workpieces like flat or circular geometries. Is a high speed forming process where don’t exist mechanical contact between workpiece and tool. With characteristics like good finishing and high productivity. The machine is divided in three main parts: the energy storage, electromagnetic forming coil and work station. The energy storage is a capacitor bank charged for a high voltage power supply; the machine control; vacuum pump, refreshing system and a main switch discharge that can’t exert mechanical contact. The electromagnetic forming coil is made from a high electrical conductivity material and converts electrical current on electromagnetic pressure. The electromagnetic coil geometry is adequate for each workpiece in a controlled manner to obtain preset geometries. At time that the energy storage on capacitor bank is discharged on electromagnetic forming coil creating an electromagnetic field that induces Foucoult currents on work piece creating an electromagnetic field with opposite direction. The opposition of those electromagnetic fields forming the workpiece. The work station is where the workpiece is inserted or approximated on the electromagnetic forming coil, it can be manual or automated. To the rigidity of electromagnetic forming coil is necessary use an insulated material, giving priority for energetic. To do this work will be used the methodology for design development focused on quality function deployment (QFD) to obtain a list with the specification for this conceptual design. The end of informational phase begins the conceptual phase where the objective is create a concept that can be fabricated developing new products and innovator process that use the hybrid forming.

O presente trabalho tem como proposta o projeto conceitual para construção do protótipo de máquina para conformação eletromagnética. Por definição conformação eletromagnética é o uso de um intenso campo eletromagnético para comprimir ou expandir peças de geometrias diversas dentre elas plana e circular. É um processo de conformação em alta velocidade onde não existe contato entre a peça e uma ferramenta, tendo como características bom acabamento e alta produtividade. A máquina é constituída por três partes principais: unidade de energia, bobina atuadora e estação de trabalho. A unidade de energia consiste em um banco de capacitores de alta voltagem que é carregado por uma fonte de alta tensão, o controle da máquina; bomba de vácuo; sistema de refrigeração e um interruptor de descarga principal que não pode exercer contato mecânico devido às altas correntes para que não ocorra soldagem dos terminais. A bobina atuadora é feita com material de alta condutividade elétrica e converte a corrente elétrica em pressão eletromagnética. A geometria da bobina deve ser adequada para a obtenção de peças metálicas de forma controlada para obtenção de geometrias pré-definidas. No instante em que a corrente dos capacitores é descarregada na bobina, um campo eletromagnético é gerado e induz correntes de Foucault na peça criando um campo eletromagnético com sentido contrário. A oposição destes campos gera força eletromagnética que conforma o material. A estação de trabalho é o local onde o material é inserido ou aproximado da bobina, podendo ser manual ou semi-manual. Para dar rigidez à bobina é necessário utilizar uma matriz feita de material que possua bom isolamento elétrico, priorizando a eficiência energética. Para este projeto será utilizada a metodologia de desenvolvimento de projeto baseada no método denominado desdobramento da função qualidade (QFD) onde gerar-se uma lista de requisitos contendo as especificações de projeto para esta máquina. Ao término da fase informacional inicia a fase conceitual onde o objetivo é gerar um conceito de máquina para conformação eletromagnética que poderá ser fabricada potencializando o desenvolvimento de produtos e processos inovadores, entre eles, os processos de conformação híbrida. / The paper proposes a conceptual design to construction of an electromagnetic forming device. By definition electromagnetic forming is the use of an intense electromagnetic field used to compress or expand several geometries workpieces like flat or circular geometries. Is a high speed forming process where don’t exist mechanical contact between workpiece and tool. With characteristics like good finishing and high productivity. The machine is divided in three main parts: the energy storage, electromagnetic forming coil and work station. The energy storage is a capacitor bank charged for a high voltage power supply; the machine control; vacuum pump, refreshing system and a main switch discharge that can’t exert mechanical contact. The electromagnetic forming coil is made from a high electrical conductivity material and converts electrical current on electromagnetic pressure. The electromagnetic coil geometry is adequate for each workpiece in a controlled manner to obtain preset geometries. At time that the energy storage on capacitor bank is discharged on electromagnetic forming coil creating an electromagnetic field that induces Foucoult currents on work piece creating an electromagnetic field with opposite direction. The opposition of those electromagnetic fields forming the workpiece. The work station is where the workpiece is inserted or approximated on the electromagnetic forming coil, it can be manual or automated. To the rigidity of electromagnetic forming coil is necessary use an insulated material, giving priority for energetic. To do this work will be used the methodology for design development focused on quality function deployment (QFD) to obtain a list with the specification for this conceptual design. The end of informational phase begins the conceptual phase where the objective is create a concept that can be fabricated developing new products and innovator process that use the hybrid forming.

O presente trabalho tem como proposta o projeto conceitual para construção do protótipo de máquina para conformação eletromagnética. Por definição conformação eletromagnética é o uso de um intenso campo eletromagnético para comprimir ou expandir peças de geometrias diversas dentre elas plana e circular. É um processo de conformação em alta velocidade onde não existe contato entre a peça e uma ferramenta, tendo como características bom acabamento e alta produtividade. A máquina é constituída por três partes principais: unidade de energia, bobina atuadora e estação de trabalho. A unidade de energia consiste em um banco de capacitores de alta voltagem que é carregado por uma fonte de alta tensão, o controle da máquina; bomba de vácuo; sistema de refrigeração e um interruptor de descarga principal que não pode exercer contato mecânico devido às altas correntes para que não ocorra soldagem dos terminais. A bobina atuadora é feita com material de alta condutividade elétrica e converte a corrente elétrica em pressão eletromagnética. A geometria da bobina deve ser adequada para a obtenção de peças metálicas de forma controlada para obtenção de geometrias pré-definidas. No instante em que a corrente dos capacitores é descarregada na bobina, um campo eletromagnético é gerado e induz correntes de Foucault na peça criando um campo eletromagnético com sentido contrário. A oposição destes campos gera força eletromagnética que conforma o material. A estação de trabalho é o local onde o material é inserido ou aproximado da bobina, podendo ser manual ou semi-manual. Para dar rigidez à bobina é necessário utilizar uma matriz feita de material que possua bom isolamento elétrico, priorizando a eficiência energética. Para este projeto será utilizada a metodologia de desenvolvimento de projeto baseada no método denominado desdobramento da função qualidade (QFD) onde gerar-se uma lista de requisitos contendo as especificações de projeto para esta máquina. Ao término da fase informacional inicia a fase conceitual onde o objetivo é gerar um conceito de máquina para conformação eletromagnética que poderá ser fabricada potencializando o desenvolvimento de produtos e processos inovadores, entre eles, os processos de conformação híbrida. / The paper proposes a conceptual design to construction of an electromagnetic forming device. By definition electromagnetic forming is the use of an intense electromagnetic field used to compress or expand several geometries workpieces like flat or circular geometries. Is a high speed forming process where don’t exist mechanical contact between workpiece and tool. With characteristics like good finishing and high productivity. The machine is divided in three main parts: the energy storage, electromagnetic forming coil and work station. The energy storage is a capacitor bank charged for a high voltage power supply; the machine control; vacuum pump, refreshing system and a main switch discharge that can’t exert mechanical contact. The electromagnetic forming coil is made from a high electrical conductivity material and converts electrical current on electromagnetic pressure. The electromagnetic coil geometry is adequate for each workpiece in a controlled manner to obtain preset geometries. At time that the energy storage on capacitor bank is discharged on electromagnetic forming coil creating an electromagnetic field that induces Foucoult currents on work piece creating an electromagnetic field with opposite direction. The opposition of those electromagnetic fields forming the workpiece. The work station is where the workpiece is inserted or approximated on the electromagnetic forming coil, it can be manual or automated. To the rigidity of electromagnetic forming coil is necessary use an insulated material, giving priority for energetic. To do this work will be used the methodology for design development focused on quality function deployment (QFD) to obtain a list with the specification for this conceptual design. The end of informational phase begins the conceptual phase where the objective is create a concept that can be fabricated developing new products and innovator process that use the hybrid forming.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver um equipamento destinado a proporcionar a realização de exercícios terapêuticos, baseado numa abordagem sistemática de desenvolvimento de projeto orientado pelo usuário e obter um protótipo funcional. Por meio das técnicas de metodologia de projeto e dos fundamentos gerais de elementos de máquinas desenvolveram-se a fase do projeto conceitual, com interface ao projeto informacional de Souza (2016), e do projeto preliminar direcionado ao desenvolvimento de um protótipo funcional destinado à sustentação e movimentação dos membros superiores de indivíduos com disfunções motoras nos nestes membros. Devido a um conjunto de fatores provenientes dos mais diversos segmentos da sociedade, há uma demanda crescente com relação à atuação das diversas áreas da engenharia, que possam fornecer soluções tecnicamente viáveis e ainda, com um grau de personalização em massa destinadas às aplicações na área da saúde. A área de conhecimento denominada \"Tecnologia Assistiva\" (TA) inserida na área da saúde, atua principalmente no desenvolvimento de órteses, próteses e auxílio à mobilidade, desenhando fronteiras com questões de acessibilidade, com uso e adequação de produtos, bem como na atuação de áreas de habilitação e reabilitação promovendo qualidade de vida e inclusão social de indivíduos com algum tipo de deficiência ou mobilidade reduzida. Nesse trabalho, o uso de ferramentas de metodologia de projeto durante as discussões sobre o projeto informacional e a implementação do projeto conceitual, ambos de caráter interdisciplinar, permitiu estabelecer a interface entre decisões técnicas de engenharia e os requisitos do usuário. O usuário intermediário, responsável pela prescrição e avaliação do protótipo foi representado por uma amostra de terapeutas ocupacionais, que acompanharam o processo de desenvolvimento do projeto até a validação do protótipo funcional. Os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho foram: obtenção de uma lista de requisitos do usuário, que convertida em um conjunto de características técnicas permitiu o desenvolvimento do projeto orientado pelo usuário (Terapeutas Ocupacionais) e construção de um protótipo funcional. O equipamento de apoio aos exercícios terapêuticos proposto apresenta graus de inovação, quando comparado à equipamentos comerciais e patentes, principalmente: adequação à diferentes mobiliários em ambiente hospitalar e doméstico (camas, cadeiras, mesas); melhor processo de compactação do equipamento para armazenagem e transporte, feito por uma única pessoa; exercícios com os membros superiores: uni e bilateral e abertura completa dos membros superior no plano coronal por meio de guias lineares. / This work presented the development of an apparatus whose objective is allow the therapeutic exercises, based on a systematic approach user-oriented design development, and fabricate a functional prototype. Based on design methodology and machine elements theory it was developed the conceptual and the preliminary design phase, based on the informational design phase of Souza (2016), to develop a functional prototype aimed to provide support and movement of the upper limbs of people with motor dysfunction in these members. Due to a range of factors from the various segments of society, there is increasing demand related to the performance of various areas of engineering, that can provide technically feasible solutions and with a degree of mass customization intended for applications in the health area. The knowledge area of \"Assistive Technology\" (AT) is inserted in the health area and acts mainly in the development of prostheses, orthoses and aid mobility, by drawing borders with accessibility issues, using and adjusting products, in addition to acting in habilitation and rehabilitation areas, which promote quality of life and social inclusion of individuals with a disability or reduced mobility. In this work, the use of design methodology tools during the discussion on the informational design and implementation of conceptual design, both interdisciplinary, revealed the interface between technical engineering decisions and user requirements. The intermediate user, responsible for evaluating the prototype was represented by sample occupational therapists, which prescribes and follows up the use of the mechanisms and/or equipment to end users. The main result of this work was a better definition of the user requirements that allowed obtaining design parameters focusing on occupational therapists as well as the development of a functional prototype. The main technical characteristics obtained through of the interactive and iterative processes along the informational, conceptual and preliminary design phases both prototype validation were: compaction of the device (related to storage and use for one or both arms of the user). Besides, the equipment allows possibility of adaptation to different furniture and environments: hospital, clinics, small treatment rooms, domestic bed, and chairs and use; rehabilitation exercises with positions of the upper limbs: uni- and bilateral and total movement of the upper limbs on coronal plane based on linear guides.