L'objet de cette thèse est de démonter la faisabilité de conception d'un mini-drone longue endurance sans recourir à des véhicules de grande envergure qui nécessite des infrastructures supplémentaires, des systèmes de lancement complexes et un personnel d'exploitation important. Pour ce faire, une approche d'optimisation globale du problème a été utilisée, en s'appuyant sur les spécificités de chacun des aspects de la conception de mini-drones. Ce concept de mini-drone longue endurance doit repousser les limites dans plusieurs disciplines telles que l'aérodynamique, la propulsion, les structures, les sources d'énergies et le stockage, le contrôle et la navigation, ainsi que la miniaturisation de l'électronique embarquée. Un programme de conception baptisé Cdsgn a été développé et prend en compte les problèmes spécifiques de chaque discipline consacrées aux mini-drones. Il permet de voir l’influence de chaque paramètre de conception sur la performance finale de la conception, menant à la sélection optimale des paramètres. Cdsgn génère et analyse rapidement de nombreuses configurations de l'avion tout en simulant la performance de chaque configuration pour un pro fil de mission donnée. Un outil de post-traitement a également été développé afin de filtrer et sélectionner de manière interactive les paramètres de conception parmi les nombreuses configurations pour répondre à des applications pratiques. Le programme proposé a été utilisé dans le développement et la conception de plusieurs projets, tels que Solar Storm, premier mini-drone hybride au monde à énergie solaire d'une envergure de cinquante centimètre, SPOC, un mini-drone longue distance conçu pour voler au-dessus de la mer Méditerranée de Nice jusqu'en Corse (Calvii) et enfin Eternity, mini-drone de longue endurance d'une envergure d'un mètre, avec une configuration classique. Capable d'une autonomie de quatre heures avec les batteries embarquées, son temps de vol peut être amélioré jusqu’à huit heures avec l'utilisation de l’énergie solaire. En utilisant les évaluations de chaque projet, Cdsgn a été amélioré à la fois pour l'exactitude des calculs et pour la performance opérationnelle afin de développer le plus petit véhicule aérien pour une mission d'endurance donnée. / This thesis shows the feasibility of designing a long endurance mini UAV without resorting to large scale vehicles which requires additional infrastructure, complex launching systems and numerous operating crew. To do so is possible by using a global optimisation approach concentrated specifically on each aspect of the mini-UAV design with their particular challenges. So called Long Endurance Mini UAV Concept has to push the limits in several disciplines such as aerodynamics, propulsion, structures, energy source and storage, control and navigation, miniaturised electronics. A conceptual design program called Cdsgn is developed which takes into account each discipline's specific problems devoted to mini UAVs and making it possible to see the influence of each design parameter on the final performance of the complete design leading to the optimum selection of parameters. Cdsgn generates and analyse numerous aircraft configurations rapidly while simulating the performance of each configuration for a given mission profile. A post processing tool is also developed in order to interactively filter and select the final design parameters among numerous analysed aircraft configurations for practical applications. The proposed program is used in the development and design of several projects, such as Solar Storm, the world's first hybrid solar powered micro UAV in half a meter scale, SPOC, a long range mini UAV which is designed to fly across the Mediterranean sea from Nice to Corsica (Calvi) and finally the Eternity, the long endurance mini UAV concept which is an electrically powered, one-meter span aircraft with a conventional configuration having an endurance of four hours with the on-board batteries which can be enhanced up to eight hours with the use of solar-cells. Using the feedback of each project, Cdsgn has been improved both for the accuracy and for the operational performance in order to develop the smallest aerial vehicle for a given endurance mission.

This thesis relates to a conceptual design of a light aircraft considering its easy manufacturability in non-professional workshop, for example at home. It is divided into three main parts. At the beginning there is mentioned a summary of existing light airplanes which determines the conceptual frame of the designed aircraft. The next part describes more detailed draft of different functional units, taking into consideration the constructional and manufacturing issues. The final part then contains basic equations to verify and define the most important characteristics of the designed aircraft.

This diploma thesis deals with design concept of three wheel small utility vehicle with curb weight 300kg. At the beginning is short description of some similar vehicles. Analyses of used concepts and descriptions of constructions parts have preceded their choice. Then is created 3D model in PRO Engineer and calculations of driving output and stress analyses are based on it. In design concept is accent putted on ergonomics, look, practical utilization and manufacturability.

The thesis deals with the design of the tandem roller with autonomous control. The proposal takes into account the technical nature of the machine and conceptual image of construction equipment intended for compaction work . To solve this problem the basic characteristic elements of autonomous means have been defined and subsequently applied to the proposal. An ergonomic aspect when operating and servicing the machine also has been taken into account. The final draft has been prepared and described in the practical part.

This master‘s thesis is focused on the design of four-seat metal aircraft with low take-off weight in accordance with CS-23. Main dimensions of aircraft are designed, weight analysis, aerodynamic characteristics and flight performance are calculated in this thesis. In conclusion, the estimated costs of development and production are determined.

In Buchausstellungen begegnen wir Texten, die auf Tonscherben, Papyrus, Pergament oder Papier geschrieben oder gedruckt sind. Die oft nicht sehr großen und nur ausnahmsweise farbigen Objekte werden uns in unterschiedlichen Zusammenhängen vorgeführt, je nach Ausstellungsthema. Kann man über Buchausstellungen und ihre Räume etwas sagen, auch unabhängig vom Thema einer Ausstellung? Die folgenden Überlegungen versuchen das, sowohl abstrakt wie konkret.

Aircraft structural layout concept design at Saab Aeronautics utilize thickness optimizationto evaluate astructural layout concept. The thickness values can be used to compare conceptsto each other,and the bestonecan be further developed. Today, most ofthe creation and evaluation of structural layout concepts is manual work. Therefore, there is an ongoing investigation on how to implement design automation to reduce this manual and repetitive work. The investigationaims to achieve rapid exploration of the design space to find a good base for a new aircraft development. This includes investigating how the synchronization between a structural layout model (SLM) and a global finite element model (GFEM) can be improved. This thesis contributes to the investigation by exploring the possibilities to implement design automation in the creation of the SLM regarding the fuselage structure. Further, exploring the implementation of design automation in the creation of the GFEM to enable automatic evaluation of concepts. The thesis also explores how the synchronization between the models can be improved. To structure the thesis work, the software development methodologies of MOKA and RAD weremodified and combined. The execution of the thesis was carried out in the software of 3DEXPERIENCE, particularly using the applications CATIAand SIMULIA. This thesis work resulted in a methodfor developing and evaluating aircraft structure concept designs with design automation. The new method includes two models with corresponding scripts. The first model developed is a tool for a conceptualdesignerthat enables the creation of aircraft fuselage SLM from user defined inputs. The second model is generated by script which results in a GFEM with a direct connection to the SLM. To conclude, the developed method enables a faster iteration work of fuselage structural concept designs compared to the current method. The detail level is lower but more consistent and uniform. The GFEM was not able to fulfil its purpose in the developed method due to time limits and software limitations. However, the synchronization between the SLM and GFEM was implemented successfully and contained all critical elements.

Conceptual tendencies in czech contemporary design Kamila Matějková Abstract Diploma thesis deals with conceptual tendencies emerging in contemporary Czech design and try to put them in historical and social context. It focuses primarily on product design, glass and ceramics and their development in the last decade. First, the thesis deals with the development of conceptual art, theoretical approaches to the design and the definition and circumstances of occurrence of conceptual design. The main part of the thesis focuses on conceptual tendencies that were observed based on research of contemporary Czech design scene. These tendencies are: the historical trend and tendency to appropriation of older works, the inspiration of nature and processing of environmental issues, the application of humor, exaggeration and story as a concept in design and a tendency to material experiment and experiment with material processing techniques. Keywords design, czech design, conceptual art, conceptual design, contemporary design, enviroment, appropriation

La préconception est une phase aboutissant à la génération d’une architecture physique de concept. Dès cette phase, il est crucial de choisir une architecture qui prenne en compte les contraintes multi-physiques. Cette thèse permet de répondre à cette problématique : comment évaluer des architectures physiques d’un système complexe sous contraintes multi-physiques pendant les phases amont, afin de limiter les risques de couplages multi-physiques dans les étapes suivantes, qui engendrent une augmentation conséquente de la durée et du coût de la conception ?Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous proposons tout d’abord un processus nommé SAMOS permettant aux acteurs de cette phase d’échanger des informations en limitant le risque d’incohérences et d’incompréhensions. Puis, en nous limitant à l’analyse thermique, nous avons développé une plateforme « modeleur 3D thermique », s’appuyant sur un environnement 3D, deux extensions SysML et des transformations de modèle, pour faciliter les échanges d’informations et de données entre l’architecte système, l’architecte 3D et les équipes de simulation, et ainsi diminuer la redondance et le temps de conception.Ainsi, pour permettre la gestion de l’encombrement et du positionnement spatial de chaque équipement, une extension SysML GERTRUDe a été proposée pour pouvoir spécifier des exigences géométriques : formes géométriques simples des composants, dimensions, contraintes de positionnement.GERTRUDe utilise le modèle géométrique des SATT enrichi avec les paramètres intrinsèques. De la même façon, l’extension SysML TheReSE, basée sur GERTRUDe, permet la gestion des exigences thermiques : propriétés thermiques de composants et spécification des interactions thermiques susceptibles d’intervenir entre les composants de l’architecture.De même les interactions thermiques entre les différents équipements peuvent être soit spécifiées en SysML, soit être ajoutées dans l’environnement 3D. Ces informations permettent de définir alors un réseau d’interactions thermiques, qui intègre à la fois les informations géométriques et thermiques. Ce réseau est alors transformé en un modèle thermique implémenté en Modelica, qui permet par simulation d’évaluer la température des faces des composants.Les approches proposées ont été implémentées dans un démonstrateur, afin de démontrer la faisabilité du concept sur plusieurs cas d’études industriels, et ainsi valider les attentes industrielles vis-à-vis de l’approche proposée et ses perspectives. / Conceptual design leads to the generation of a physical concept architecture. From this phase, it is crucial to select an architecture that takes into account multi-physical constraints. We propose in this thesis to solve the following research issue: how can the physical architectures of a complex system under multi-physical constraints be evaluated during the earlier design phases, in order to limit the risks of multi-physical coupling in the following phases that generate a considerable increase in design time and cost?To tackle this problem, we first propose a framework called SAMOS which allows the actors in the design to exchange information during this phase while limiting the risks of inconsistencies and misunderstandings. Then, by focusing on the thermal analysis, we develop a "thermal 3D sketcher" platform, based on a 3D environment, two SysML extensions and several model transformations. It will facilitate human and data exchanges between System architects, 3D architects and simulation teams, thus reducing redundancy and design time.Thus, in order to manage the geometry requirements and spatial positioning of each item of equipment, the GERTRUDe SysML extension is proposed. It allows specifying geometrical requirements such as simple geometrical shapes for the components, their dimensions and positioning constraints.GERTRUDe uses TTRS (Technologically and Topologically Related Surfaces) geometrical modeling enriched with intrinsic parameters. Likewise, the TheReSE SysML extension, based on GERTRUDe, allows the management of thermal requirements: the thermal properties of components and the specification of thermal interactions that may occur between the architecture components.The transformation rules are described. They automatically generate a specified architecture which includes possible geometrical constraints that can be transformed from a SysML environment into a 3D environment; the direction of transformation can be reversed so that a 3D architecture can be traced from a 3D environment to a SysML environment.Similarly, the thermal interactions between the different components can be either specified in SysML or be added in the 3D environment. This information allows defining a thermal interactions network which integrates both geometrical and thermal data. This network is then transformed into a thermal model implemented in Modelica, which allows simulation to evaluate the temperatures of the components’ faces.The approach proposed is implemented in a demonstrator to provide proof of concept based on several industrial case studies, thus validating the industrial expectations with regard to the approach proposed and its perspectives.

A study of the viabliness of a UAV for humanitarian relief missions has been done. With an aeronautical model fulfilling humanitarian logistics has then the manufacture and operational life-cycle costs as well as the present air jurisdiction. In contrast to this has also an evaluation of the empty weight conceptual estimation equation been reviewed and what conditions fairly describes the sizing of a UAV. The study finds there’s a technical possibility, economic plausibility but a need for legal development. The coefficients which are sufficient to estimate the empty weight ratio are the Home built aircrafts and powered sailplane. The study concludes what present off-the-shelf systems that might be suitable to sustain humanitarian relief missions. / Syftet med den här studien har varit att undersöka möjligheterna för att använda drönare till att leverera humanitär hjälp. Att ge humanitär hjälp innebär att man assisterar stater i att leverera nödvändiga varor och tjänster till områden där den nationella staten behöver assistans för att upprätthålla nödvändiga livsvillkor för befolkningen. Det kan vara att leverera mat och mediciner men även enklare skolmateriel eller liknande. Oftast är orsaken bakom en humanitär insats att det skett någon typ av katastrof, det kan vara både natur och mänskligt skapade katastrofer. Ett exempel på en sådan nylig kris har varit inbördeskriget som rasat i Syrien under större delen av 2010-talet. Ett problem som har dykt upp är att det är svårt att få fram rätt hjälp dit den behövs, speciellt om de civila som har behovet befinner sig i en krigszon. I ett sådant fall är det mycket riskabelt att transportera och leverera humanitär hjälp till de som behöver det. De riskerar att bli skjutna, kidnappade och kapade. Detta skapar både personliga och materiella skador. Frågan blir då om man skulle kunna leverera den hjälpen med drönare, för att minska risken för personskador men också minska effekten för hela hjälpinsatsen om en eller flera av drönare skulle förvinna. Det som komplicerar hela i logistiken är att man måste ta hänsyn till hur personer byter besittning av godsen och hur man verifierar att varje person får just rätt hjälp. Speciellt då värdet av godset i en kris kan bli asymptotiskt högt. För att testa huruvida det är möjligt att använda UAV:er för humanitär hjälp skapades en simuleringsmodell av en drönare. Eftersom det förväntades att ett uppdrag är ungefär 300 km + 300km tur-o-retur övergavs någon typ av helikopterdesign tidigt. Modellen simulerade många uppdrag som bedömdes vara relevanta för en UAV som skulle leverera humanitär hjälp. Utifrån dessa uppdrag bedömdes några av de operativa kostnader som var knutna till uppdragen. Det gäller främst tillverkningskostnader, bränslekostnader samt avgifter som behöver betalas av den som använder luftrummet. Det finns en bok som är flygplanskonstruktörens bibel (Aircraft Design). Den är skriven av Daniel P. Raymer. Han föreslår där en formel för hur man konceptuellt kan bestämma vikten av ett nytt flygplan. De befintliga planen jämfördes sedan med formeln för att undersöka om dessa också stämde på drönare. Eftersom drönare inte har piloter ombord innebär det att vissa apparater inte behöver finnas på det flygplanet, vilket kan tänkas ändra hur mycket en UAV estimeras väga jämfört med ett vanligt plan. Studien kommer fram till att det som Raymer har föreslagit verkar för det mesta vara rättvisande även när man designar UAV:er. Avslutningsvis identifieras tre olika drönare som med mer eller mindre modifiering skulle kunna användas för humanitära insatser. Dock är, som nämnt tidigare, de flesta UAV:er utvecklade för olika typer av informationssamling. Då flera av dessa apparater inte är lika nödvändiga i en humanitär-logistisk situation är det sannolikt att inköpspriset skulle vara billigare än annars. Slutsatserna är att det nu är tekniskt möjligt att använda drönare för humanitär hjälp, ekonomiskt är det möjligt om än dyrt men juridiskt är det i dagsläget inte möjligt. Juridiken och reglementet för hur avgiftssystemet och luftrummet fungerar behöver utvecklas för att på ett hållbart och säkert sätt integrera autonoma farkoster med befintlig luftfart. Beroende på hur regleringarna av luftrummet förändras, ändras även de ekonomiska förutsättningarna för att använda drönare för att utföra logistiska uppdrag.