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När förskolebarn föreställer sig att de är vilda mustanger som hoppar runt stolar och bord, brukar läraren ingripa i dessa lekar. Styrningen av barns lek är så djupt förankrad i förskolans dagliga rutin att den tenderar att ses som normal och legitimerad, vilket föranleder behovet av att studera denna förgivet tagna praktik. Syftet med denna uppsats är tvåfaldigt. Först så ämnar uppsatsen studera barns karnevaliska lek inom ramen för förskolan. Vidare så syftar den problematisera den vardagliga styrningen av sådan lek genom ett alternativt perspektiv, nämligen governmentalitet – synonymt med styrnings-rationalitet. För att uppnå dessa mål har barns lek studerats genom observationer, tytts som karnevalisk, och därefter analyserats. Regleringen av lek styrs genom styrningsstekniker såsom disciplinering, tid, övervakning, dokumentation, vallning, samt syndabekännelse. De syftar till att forma ett barn som följer rutiner och bekänner sina synder. Trots att karnevalisk lek utsätts för dessa diskreta styrningstekniker, gör den att förskolans ordning omkullvälts via sina element av transgression, absurditet och spontanitet.

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Le présent mémoire cherche à déterminer s’il existe des facteurs qui conduisent aux aveux chez les agresseurs sexuels durant un interrogatoire. Dans ce but, notre étude est basée sur 183 dossiers d’agression sexuelle traités par le Service de police de la Ville de Montréal. Les 137 participants qui ont fait une ou deux victimes (un dossier par victime) étaient âgés de 15 à 71 ans au moment du crime, et sont majoritairement francophones, caucasien et sans emploi. Toutes les variables sélectionnées ont été divisées en trois catégories : les caractéristiques de l’agresseur, les caractéristiques du crime et les caractéristiques contextuelles de l’interrogatoire. Les agresseurs sexuels qui ont avoué leur crime avaient les caractéristiques suivantes : caucasien, célibataire, n’ayant pas utilisé la menace ni causé de blessures, la victime était un garçon ou une femme adulte. Il n’y avait, contre eux, ni preuves matérielles ou biologiques, ni présence de sperme sur la victime, et il n’y a pas eu de séance d’identification. De plus, ils ont subi plusieurs interrogatoires, souvent dans un bureau privé en présence d’un seul interrogateur, qui n’est pas l’enquêteur principal, mais ils ont écrit et signé leur déclaration. Ces résultats devraient aider les policiers à cibler les facteurs les plus favorables aux aveux tout en montrant qu’il s’agit généralement d’un ensemble de facteurs qui conduisent les agresseurs sexuels aux aveux lors d’un interrogatoire. / This study seeks to determine whether there are factors that lead to the confession in sex offenders, during an interrogation. For this purpose, the study is based on 183 cases of sexual abuse handled by the Service de police de la Ville de Montréal. The 137 participants who made one or two victims (one file for each victim) were aged from 15 to 71 years old at the time of crime, and are mostly French-speaking, Caucasians and unemployed. All selected variables were divided into three categories: characteristics of the sex offender, characteristics of the crime and characteristics of the context of the interviews. Sex offenders who have confessed their crime had the following characteristics: Caucasian, unmarried, who did not use threat, who did not commit injuries and their victim was a young male or an adult female. Against them, there were no physical evidence, nor biological evidence, nor the presence of semen on the victim, and there was no identification parade. In addition, they have had several interviews, often in a private office with a single interrogator who isn’t the principal inspector, but they wrote and signed their statement. These results should help the police to identify the factors most favorable to confession, showing that it’s usually a combination of factors that lead sex offenders to confession during an interrogation.

Le présent mémoire cherche à déterminer s’il existe des facteurs qui conduisent aux aveux chez les agresseurs sexuels durant un interrogatoire. Dans ce but, notre étude est basée sur 183 dossiers d’agression sexuelle traités par le Service de police de la Ville de Montréal. Les 137 participants qui ont fait une ou deux victimes (un dossier par victime) étaient âgés de 15 à 71 ans au moment du crime, et sont majoritairement francophones, caucasien et sans emploi. Toutes les variables sélectionnées ont été divisées en trois catégories : les caractéristiques de l’agresseur, les caractéristiques du crime et les caractéristiques contextuelles de l’interrogatoire. Les agresseurs sexuels qui ont avoué leur crime avaient les caractéristiques suivantes : caucasien, célibataire, n’ayant pas utilisé la menace ni causé de blessures, la victime était un garçon ou une femme adulte. Il n’y avait, contre eux, ni preuves matérielles ou biologiques, ni présence de sperme sur la victime, et il n’y a pas eu de séance d’identification. De plus, ils ont subi plusieurs interrogatoires, souvent dans un bureau privé en présence d’un seul interrogateur, qui n’est pas l’enquêteur principal, mais ils ont écrit et signé leur déclaration. Ces résultats devraient aider les policiers à cibler les facteurs les plus favorables aux aveux tout en montrant qu’il s’agit généralement d’un ensemble de facteurs qui conduisent les agresseurs sexuels aux aveux lors d’un interrogatoire. / This study seeks to determine whether there are factors that lead to the confession in sex offenders, during an interrogation. For this purpose, the study is based on 183 cases of sexual abuse handled by the Service de police de la Ville de Montréal. The 137 participants who made one or two victims (one file for each victim) were aged from 15 to 71 years old at the time of crime, and are mostly French-speaking, Caucasians and unemployed. All selected variables were divided into three categories: characteristics of the sex offender, characteristics of the crime and characteristics of the context of the interviews. Sex offenders who have confessed their crime had the following characteristics: Caucasian, unmarried, who did not use threat, who did not commit injuries and their victim was a young male or an adult female. Against them, there were no physical evidence, nor biological evidence, nor the presence of semen on the victim, and there was no identification parade. In addition, they have had several interviews, often in a private office with a single interrogator who isn’t the principal inspector, but they wrote and signed their statement. These results should help the police to identify the factors most favorable to confession, showing that it’s usually a combination of factors that lead sex offenders to confession during an interrogation.

The diploma thesis deals with so-called St Emmeram's Prayer preserved in Old High German and Old Church Slavonic manuscript versions. It summarises the up-to-date state of research. In the analytical part, on the ground of the structure of an Old High German confession formula a text analysis is carried out for both versions of the prayer, as well as for another Latin confession formula recorded in the b 9 manuscript. Old High German / Old Church Slavonic index is attached to the thesis.

Text in Afrikaans / Artikel 217 is van toepassing op Jn bekentenis, synde Jn ondubbelsinnige erkenning van skuld, wat indien dit in Jn hof gemaak sou word, sou neerkom op Jn pleit van skuldig. Om toelaatbaar te wees, moes die verklaarder die bekentenis vrywillig en ongedwonge, by sy volle positiewe sender onbehoorlike beinvloeding afgele het aan Jn landdros of vrederegter. Waar die bekentenis in Jn dokument vervat is, is dit, mits daar aan die toelaatbaarheidsvereistes voldoen is, toelaatbaar teen die verklaarder daarvan. Artikel 209 vind toepassing mits die bekentenis Jn volle bekentenis is en die vereistes van artikel 217 nagekom is. Volgens die beslissing in S V SHEEHAMA 1991 2 SA 860(A) is Jn aanwysing Jn erkenning. As sulks moet dit voldoen aan die vereistes van artikel 219A en moes derhalwe vrywillig en ongedwonge gemaak wees. Jn Gedwonge aanwysing is dus ontoelaatbaar, tensy nuwe feite ontdek word as gevolg daarvan. / Section 217 is applicable to a confession, being an unequivocal acknowledgment of guilt, the equivalent of a plea of guilty before a court of law. To be admissible, the declarant must have made the confession to a magistrate or justice freely and voluntarily in his sound and sober senses without having been unduly influenced thereto. Section 209 is applicable provided that the confession is a full confession and the requirements of section 217 are complied with. According to the judgment in S V SHEEHAMA 1991 2 SA 860(A) a pointing out is an admission. As such it must comply with the requirements of section 219A and must therefore be made voluntarily and freely. An involuntary pointing out is thus inadmissible, except if new facts are discovered because of it. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.M.

The original publication is available at http://www.ve.org.za / Reconciliation in a divided society, like the South African one, is in dire need of a new moral discourse and praxis. This article argues that this moral discourse must also be conducted on an often forgotten level, namely in the worshipping praxis of the Church. The article describes the renewed interest of ethicists and liturgists in the relationship between liturgy and ethics and especially the role of rituals. The article then focuses on the renewal of basic Christian rituals like preaching and sacraments, prayer and praise to serve this much needed moral discourse. / Publishers' Version

本創作論述報告內容包含以下部分：創作緣起、相關學理探討、創作論述（包含主題、概念、內容和技巧）、作品呈現、以及結論與貢獻。共五個章節。目的乃針對本專題製作內容之相關創作背景及創作主題，做一概念性的陳述。 本專題製作之表現媒材為「純文字」創作。 主題是「告白」。 本創作之目的乃希望藉由文字的書寫，與長時間不斷思考、敘述的過程，儘可能地捕捉，並且探究個人生命的各種可能性。藉以反思個人的內在自我本質，人我之間的關係，乃至於宇宙生命的終極意義。作者從日常生活出發，從對不起眼事物的觀察，對事物不同的觀看角度開始，透過不斷地感受、沉澱，經過時間，不斷地沉思、冥想、釋放、篩選，或者經由夢境，經由實地訪查、與探勘取材的過程，最後通過實踐，接連數月不斷書寫的過程，記錄了這個時代，紀錄了做為一個人、一段時光、哪怕僅僅是一個當下的某種突如其來的生活樣貌與思想片段，也記憶了一段已然失落的曾經。 / Overall, there are five chapters covered in this statement and discussion of the creative work. They are: 1) initiation, 2) discussion of related theories, 3) discourse about the themes, concepts, contents, techniques, 4) work presentation, as well as 5) conclusion and recommendation. The objective is to construct a conceptual statement for the creative background and subject of the masterpiece. The media is a creation of pure writing. The topic is proclamation, declaration, and pronouncement. (At the end of the day, advertisement is all about making a statement, isn’t it?) This particular work of art is to, hopefully, discover and reveal various possibilities of individual human being through literature writing, continuous reflection and narration. Accordingly, we get to ponder the nature of individual inner self, the relationship between self and others, and the ultimate meaning of the universal life. Starting with his everyday life, the author observes the very obscure things from different angles. He then documented this period of time, being an individual, the snapshots of some hasty life events and passages of thoughts, as well as memorized a long-gone past. All the above has been realized via continual experiencing, serenity, contemplation, introspection, liberation, screening, dreaming, site visit, and exploring which have all been put together in the author’s persistent composition during the past few months.

In a confessional, first person narrative, the concept of truth and how it is constructed and perceived is important. Truth in fiction can be created and interpreted in a number of different ways, and when the narrative that portrays it in addition is unreliable and ambiguous, discerning truth becomes a decidedly complex process. This essay interprets the confessional testimony of the narrator in John Banville’s The Book of Evidence, in order to examine the function of these narrative devices and how they affect the understanding of what is true in Banville’s unreliably narrated novel. It does so by following literary theories regarding unreliable narration by Tamar Yacobi and others, as well as theories of truth in fiction as first presented by David Lewis and expanded upon by Ben Levinstein and others. The different types of ambiguity suggested by William Empson are also considered. The novel’s narrative is analyzed specifically in relation to the understanding of how the protagonist eludes to his feelings of guilt and shame. These emotions are chosen for their prevalence in conventional confessions. The essay claims that the narcissistic narrator harbors neither of these feelings pertaining to the crime he has committed, but rather that he admits to being guilty and is ashamed of being caught, and that this is portrayed through the structure of the narrative rather than its content.