Nesta tese estudamos as propriedades críticas dos modelos anisotrópicos (isotrópicos) de Heisenberg com spin s arbitrário. O espectro das Hamiltonianas, com condições periódicas de contorno, foi calculado para redes finitas, resolvendo-se as equações do Bethe ansatz associadas. Nossos resultados indicam que a anomalia conforme destes modelos tem o valor c=3s/(1+s), independente da anisotropia, e os expoentes críticos variam continuamente com a anisotropia assim como no modelo de 8-vértices. O conteúdo de operadores destes modelos indica que a teoria de campos que governa a criticalidade destes modelos de spin é descrita por operadores formados pelo produto de um operador Gaussiano por outro com simetria Z(2s). Estudando estes modelos, com certas condições especiais de contorno, mostramos que eles são relacionados com uma nova classe de teorias unitárias recentemente propostas / This thesis is concerned with the critical properties of anisotropic (isotropic) Heisenberg chain,with arbitrary spin-s. The eigenspectrum of these Hamiltoniana, with periodic boundaries, are calculated for finite chains by solving numerically their associated Bethe ansatz equations. The results indicate that the conformal anomaly hás the value c=3s/1+s, independently of the anisotropy, and the exponentes vary continuously with the anisotropy like in the 8-vertex model. The operator content of these models indicate that the underlying field theory governing these critical spin-s models are described by composite fields formed by the product of Gaussian and Z(2s) fields. Studying these models, with some special boundary conditions, we show that they are related with a large class of unitary conformal field theories recntly introduced

Nesta tese estudamos as propriedades críticas dos modelos anisotrópicos (isotrópicos) de Heisenberg com spin s arbitrário. O espectro das Hamiltonianas, com condições periódicas de contorno, foi calculado para redes finitas, resolvendo-se as equações do Bethe ansatz associadas. Nossos resultados indicam que a anomalia conforme destes modelos tem o valor c=3s/(1+s), independente da anisotropia, e os expoentes críticos variam continuamente com a anisotropia assim como no modelo de 8-vértices. O conteúdo de operadores destes modelos indica que a teoria de campos que governa a criticalidade destes modelos de spin é descrita por operadores formados pelo produto de um operador Gaussiano por outro com simetria Z(2s). Estudando estes modelos, com certas condições especiais de contorno, mostramos que eles são relacionados com uma nova classe de teorias unitárias recentemente propostas / This thesis is concerned with the critical properties of anisotropic (isotropic) Heisenberg chain,with arbitrary spin-s. The eigenspectrum of these Hamiltoniana, with periodic boundaries, are calculated for finite chains by solving numerically their associated Bethe ansatz equations. The results indicate that the conformal anomaly hás the value c=3s/1+s, independently of the anisotropy, and the exponentes vary continuously with the anisotropy like in the 8-vertex model. The operator content of these models indicate that the underlying field theory governing these critical spin-s models are described by composite fields formed by the product of Gaussian and Z(2s) fields. Studying these models, with some special boundary conditions, we show that they are related with a large class of unitary conformal field theories recntly introduced

Cette thèse présente des résultats nouveaux dans deux sujets de la physique statistique du désordre: les modèles aux energies aléatoires logarithmiquement corrélées (logREMs), et la transition de localisation dans les matrices aléatoires à longues portées.Dans la première partie consacrée aux logREMs, nous montrons comment décrire leurs points communs et les données spécifiques aux modèles particuliers. Ensuite nous appliquons la méthode de la brisure de symétrie des répliques pour les étudier en general, et en déduirons la transition vitreuse et le processus des minima, en termes de processus de Poisson décorés. Nous présentons également une série d'application des polynômes de Jack à la prédiction exactes des observables dans le modèle circulaire et ses variants. Finalement, nous décrivons les progrès récents sur la connexion exacte entre les logREMs et la théorie conforme de Liouville.La seconde partie a pour but d'introduire une nouvelle classe de matrices aléatoires à bandes, dite la classe des distributions larges; elle ressemble essentiellement aux matrices creuses. Nous étudions d'abord un modèle particulier de la classe, les matrices aléatoires Bêta, qui sont inspirées par une correspondence exacte à un modèle statistique récemment étudié, celui de la dynamique épidémique. A l'aide des arguments analytiques appuyés sur la correspondence et des simulations numériques, nous montrons l'existence des transitions de localisation avec des valeurs propres critiques dans le régime des paramètres dit d'exponentielle étirée. Ensuite, en utilisant une approche de renormalisation et de diagonalisation par blocs, nous soutenons que les transitions de localisation sont en général présentes dans la class des distributions larges. / This thesis presents original results in two domains of disordered statistical physics: logarithmic correlated Random Energy Models (logREMs), and localization transition in long-range random matrices.In the first part devoted to logREMs, we show how to characterise their common properties and model--specific data. Then we develop their replica symmetry breaking treatment, which leads to the freezing scenario of their free energy distribution and the general description of their minima process, in terms of decorated Poisson point process. We also report a series of new applications of the Jack polynomials in the exact predictions of some observables in the circular model and its variants. Finally, we present the recent progress on the exact connection between logREMs and the Liouville conformal field theory.The goal of the second part is to introduce and study a new class of banded random matrices, the broadly distributed class, which is characterid an effective sparseness. We will first study a specific model of the class, the Beta Banded random matrices, inspired by an exact mapping to a recently studied statistical model of long--range first--passage percolation/epidemics dynamics. Using analytical arguments based on the mapping and numerics, we show the existence of localisation transitions with mobility edges in the ``stretch--exponential'' parameter--regime of the statistical models. Then, using a block--diagonalization renormalization approach, we argue that such localization transitions occur generically in the broadly distributed class.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Cette thèse porte sur les relations entre les processus SLE, les ensembles CLE et le champ libre Gaussien. Dans le chapitre 2, nous donnons une construction des processus SLE(k,r) à partir des boucles des CLE(k) et d'échantillons de restriction chordale. Sheffield et Werner ont prouvé que les CLE(k) peuvent être construits à partir des processus d'exploration symétriques des SLE(k,r).Nous montrons dans le chapitre 3 que la configuration des boucles construites à partir du processus d'exploration asymétrique des SLE(k,k-6) donne la même loi CLE(k). Le processus SLE(4) peut être considéré comme les lignes de niveau du champ libre Gaussien et l'ensemble CLE(4) correspond à la collection des lignes de niveau de ce champ libre Gaussien. Dans la deuxième partie du chapitre 3, nous définissons un paramètre de temps invariant conforme pour chaque boucle appartenant à CLE(4) et nous donnons ensuite dans le chapitre 4 un couplage entre le champ libre Gaussien et l'ensemble CLE(4) à l'aide du paramètre de temps. Les processus SLE(k) peuvent être considérés comme les lignes de flot du champ libre Gaussien. Nous explicitons la dimension de Hausdorff de l'intersection de deux lignes de flot du champ libre Gaussien. Cela nous permet d'obtenir la dimension de l'ensemble des points de coupure et des points doubles de la courbe SLE, voir le chapitre 5. Dans le chapitre 6, nous définissons la mesure de restriction radiale, prouvons la caractérisation de ces mesures, et montrons la condition nécessaire et suffisante de l'existence des mesures de restriction radiale. / This thesis focuses on various relations between SLE, CLE and GFF. In Chapter 2, we give a construction of SLE(k,r) processes from CLE(k) loop configuration and chordal restriction samples. Sheffield and Werner has proved that CLE(k) can be constructed from symmetric SLE(k,k-6) exploration processes. We prove in Chapter 3 that the loop configuration constructed from the asymmetric SLE(k,k-6) exploration processes also give the same law CLE(k). SLE(4) can be viewed as level lines of GFF and CLE(4) can be viewed as the collection of level lines of GFF. We define a conformally invariant time parameter for each loop in CLE(4) in the second part of Chapter 3 and then give a coupling between GFF and CLE(4) with time parameter in Chapter 4. SLE(k,r) can be viewed as flow lines of GFF. We derive the Hausdorff dimension of the intersection of two flow lines in GFF. Then, from there, we obtain the dimension of the cut and double point set of SLE curve in Chapter 5. In Chapter 6, we define the radial restriction measure, prove the characterization of these measures, and show the if and only if condition for the existence of radial restriction measure.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

L’étude réalisée dans cette thèse porte sur les phénomènes critiques classiques et quantiques. En effet, les phénomènes critiques et les transitions de phases sont devenus des sujets fondamentaux en physique statistique moderne et en théorie des champs et nous proposons dans cette thèse d’étudier certains modèles qui présentent un comportement critique, à la fois à l’équilibre et hors de l’équilibre. Dans la première partie de la thèse, certaines propriétés du modèle de dimères à deux dimensions sont étudiées. Ce modèle a été largement étudié dans les communautés de physique statistique et de mathématiques et un grand nombre d’applications en physique de la matière condensée existent. Ici, nous proposons de mettre l’accent sur des solutions exactes du modèle et d’utiliser l’invariance conforme afin d’avoir une compréhension profonde de ce modèle en présence de monomères et/ou en présence de bords. Les mêmes types d’outils sont ensuite utilisés pour explorer un autre phénomène important apparaissant dans les modèles de dimères et de chaînes de spin : le cercle arctique. Le but étant de trouver une description adéquate en termes de théorie des champs de ce phénomène, en utilisant des calculs exacts ainsi que de l’analyse asymptotique. La deuxième partie de la thèse concerne les phénomènes critiques hors de l’équilibre dans le contexte des modèles de croissance d’interfaces. Ce domaine de recherche est très important de nos jours, principalement en raison de la découverte de l’équation Kardar-Parisi-Zhang et de ses relations avec les ensembles de matrices aléatoires. La phénoménologie de ces modèles en présence des bords est analysée via des solutions exactes et des simulations numériques, on montre alors que des comportements surprenants apparaissent proches des bords / The study carried in this thesis concerns classical and quantum critical phenomena. Indeed, critical behaviors and phase transitions are fundamental topics in modern statistical physics and field theory and we propose in this thesis to study some models which exhibit such behaviors both at equilibrium and out of equilibrium. In the first part of the thesis, some properties of the two-dimensional dimer model are studied. This model has been studied extensively in the statistical physics and mathematical communities and a lot of applications in condensed matter physics exist. Here we propose to focus on exact solutions of the model and conformal invariance in order to have a deep understanding of this model in presence of monomers, and/or boundaries. The same kind of tools are then used to explore another important phenomenon appearing in dimer models and spin chains: the arctic circle. The goal was to find a proper field theoretical description of this phenomenon using exact solutions and asymptotic analysis. The second part of the thesis concerns out of equilibrium critical phenomena in the context of interface growth models. This field of research is very important nowadays, mainly because of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation and its relations with random matrix ensembles. The phenomenology of these models in presence of boundaries is studied via exact solutions and numerical simulations, we show that surprising behaviors appear close to the boundaries

O modelo raise and peel é um modelo estocástico unidimensional com absorção local e desorção não local. O modelo depende de um único parâmetro u que é a razão entre a taxa de absorção pela de dessorção. Em um valor especial deste parâmetro (u = 1) o modelo tem características interessantes. O espectro é descrito por uma teoria de campos conforme (carga central c = 0), sendo que a distribuição de probabilidade estacionária está relacionada a um sistema de equilíbrio em duas dimensões. O diagrama de fases do modelo, como função do parâmetro u, tem uma fase massiva (com lacuna de massa) e uma sem massa (lacuna de massa nula) com expoentes críticos que variam continuamente com o parâmetro u. Nesta dissertação estudamos uma extensão do modelo raise and peel model no ponto u = 1, e que depende de um parâmetro adicional p. Surpreendentemente o novo modelo exibe invariância conforme para todo o domínio do seu parâmetro p, e está na mesma classe de universalidade do modelo raise and peel usual (u = 1). A única diferença entre os dois modelos é o valor da velocidade do som vs(p), que agora é função de p. Os métodos que utilizamos nesta dissertação foram diagonalizações exatas do operador de evolução do modelo (Hamiltoniano) para cadeias pequenas e simulações de Monte Carlo. / The raise and peel model is a one-dimensional nonlocal stochastic model where adsorption happens locally and desorption is nonlocal. The model depends on the single parameter u that is the ratio among the desorption and adsorption rates. At a special value of this parameter (u = 1) the model has interesting features. The spectrum is described by a conformal field theory (central charge c = 0), and its stationary probability density is related to the equilibrium distribution of a two dimensional system. The phase diagram of the model, as a function of the parameter u, has a massive phase (gapped phase) and a massless (gapless phase) whose critical exponents vary continuously with u. In this monography we study a one-parameter extension of the raise and peel model at u = 1, that depends on the additional parameter p. The new model exhibits conformal invariance for the whole range of values of its parameter p, and it is in the same universality class as the usual raise and peel model. The single difference between the models is the value of the sound velocity vs(p) which is a function of p. The methods used in this monography are the exact diagonalization of the evolution operator of the stochastic model (Hamiltonian), for small lattice sizes and Monte Carlo simulations.

O modelo raise and peel é um modelo estocástico unidimensional com absorção local e desorção não local. O modelo depende de um único parâmetro u que é a razão entre a taxa de absorção pela de dessorção. Em um valor especial deste parâmetro (u = 1) o modelo tem características interessantes. O espectro é descrito por uma teoria de campos conforme (carga central c = 0), sendo que a distribuição de probabilidade estacionária está relacionada a um sistema de equilíbrio em duas dimensões. O diagrama de fases do modelo, como função do parâmetro u, tem uma fase massiva (com lacuna de massa) e uma sem massa (lacuna de massa nula) com expoentes críticos que variam continuamente com o parâmetro u. Nesta dissertação estudamos uma extensão do modelo raise and peel model no ponto u = 1, e que depende de um parâmetro adicional p. Surpreendentemente o novo modelo exibe invariância conforme para todo o domínio do seu parâmetro p, e está na mesma classe de universalidade do modelo raise and peel usual (u = 1). A única diferença entre os dois modelos é o valor da velocidade do som vs(p), que agora é função de p. Os métodos que utilizamos nesta dissertação foram diagonalizações exatas do operador de evolução do modelo (Hamiltoniano) para cadeias pequenas e simulações de Monte Carlo. / The raise and peel model is a one-dimensional nonlocal stochastic model where adsorption happens locally and desorption is nonlocal. The model depends on the single parameter u that is the ratio among the desorption and adsorption rates. At a special value of this parameter (u = 1) the model has interesting features. The spectrum is described by a conformal field theory (central charge c = 0), and its stationary probability density is related to the equilibrium distribution of a two dimensional system. The phase diagram of the model, as a function of the parameter u, has a massive phase (gapped phase) and a massless (gapless phase) whose critical exponents vary continuously with u. In this monography we study a one-parameter extension of the raise and peel model at u = 1, that depends on the additional parameter p. The new model exhibits conformal invariance for the whole range of values of its parameter p, and it is in the same universality class as the usual raise and peel model. The single difference between the models is the value of the sound velocity vs(p) which is a function of p. The methods used in this monography are the exact diagonalization of the evolution operator of the stochastic model (Hamiltonian), for small lattice sizes and Monte Carlo simulations.