The dissertation analyses the situation of brownfields in the region of Vysočina, Czech Republic, assesses the state of brownfields and outlines possible future development. The work contains of seven chapters and is directed at three basic stages. The contents of the first stage is identification and character of environmental limits. The second stage is the analysis of negative features and burdens causing a direct health threat in the monitored area. The third, final stage of this work is a sociological survey focused on perception and evaluation of brownfield sites by local community in this area. The output of these analysises are tables and graphical diagrams, which summarize the data obtained in the research.

Människors alkoholkonsumtion påverkar både individen själv och dess omgivningen. I medier förekommer kampanjer om en vit jul vilket skapade intresset att undersöka hur alkoholkonsumtionen ter sig även vid nyår, påsk, valborg och midsommar samt om det finns skillnader mellan dem och andra tillfällen där alkohol förekommer. I studien deltog tolv personer, 23–58 år med olika erfarenheter kring ämnet. Datainsamling skedde med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer och intervjuguiden innehöll frågor som undersökte människors upplevelser. Fyra teman kunde urskiljas: (1) anledning till alkoholkonsumtion, (2) alkoholens konsekvenser, (3) normer och traditioner och (4) skillnader och likheter mellan högtid och vanligt tillfälle. Anledningar till att konsumera alkohol kunde bero på invant beteende och för att lätta upp stämningen och att avstå från alkohol grundade sig i dåliga minnen och att relationer förstörs. Studien skulle kunna bidra till ett öppet klimat om alkohol och belyser dess negativa konsekvenser.

This longitudinal investigation examined motives for alcohol use, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related consequences in a Vancouver, British Columbia youth sample (n = 405). Secondary analyses were performed on data that were collected at two time points (1995-1996 and 2003-2004). Sociodemographic variables included age, gender, adoption status, parent education, household moves, and family net worth. Bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling were used to examine associations between social, enhancement, and coping motives, alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences. The social motives included drinking to be sociable and drinking to add to the enjoyment of meals. Enhancement motives included drinking to feel good. Coping motives included: drinking to help you relax, drinking to forget worries, and drinking to feel less shy and inhibited. In the final longitudinal structural equation model combining T1 motives and both T1 and T2 alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences, results showed endorsement at T1 of drinking to forget worries was predictive of the alcohol-related consequences latent factor at T1. Moreover, T1 consequences were predictive of alcohol-related consequences at T2. The data show a positive relationship between T1 endorsement of drinking to feel good and the alcohol consumption latent variables at both T1 and T2, but no relationship between drinking to feel good and the alcohol-related consequences emerged. Additionally, the data yielded a negative relationship between the variable, “drink to be sociable” and the alcohol-related consequences latent factor at T1. Certain self-identified motives for drinking may be risk factors for continued alcohol use and subsequent misuse. Therefore, differentiating between specific motives for alcohol use may be a helpful marker for Child and Youth Care workers and other professionals to initiate conversations about alcohol use and consequences. / Graduate

Consuming alcohol may lead to negative consequences, such as aggression, violence or drunkdriving. However, not all adolescents who consume alcohol engage in negative behaviors.The purpose of this study was to examine the role of gender and impulsivity as risk factors forengagement in negative conducts after alcohol intoxication. The sample of this studycomprised 1,002 Swedish adolescent students between 12 and 16 years of age (52% boys). Students filled in self-report questionnaire at two time points (T1 and T2), once a year. Aftercontrolling for previous levels of negative consequences of alcohol consumption, as well asfor drinking habits at T1, the result showed that impulsivity had an impact on adolescent’salcohol-related consequences after intoxication. Also, boys showed a higher tendency toreport negative consequences after alcohol intoxication compared to girls. All in all, thislongitudinal study shed new light on the personality aspects that make adolescents more likelyto engage in negative conducts after alcohol consumption.

Traditionally, emphases in the mass media coverage of almost all crimes have been placed on the alleged offender and the victim (and on occasion, their families). As a result, the families of offenders have been either largely ignored or presented unfairly even though their lives have also been devastatingly impacted by the media coverage of their loved one. While scholars have explored the impacts of offending on offenders’ relatives, this exploratory study adds to the literature by focusing on a uniquely marginalized sub-population of relatives of sex offenders in Canada. This study examines some of the collateral consequences of sex offending on the relatives, while focusing primarily on the impacts and effects of media coverage on these relatives. The findings of this study are based on a thematic analysis of nine in-depth semi-structured interviews with partners, mothers and daughters of Canadian adult male sex offenders. Drawing on the theoretical contributions of Herbert Blumer’s (1969) symbolic interactionism and Erving Goffman’s (1963) stigma, this research finds that relatives of sex offenders encounter a myriad of consequences and repercussions resulting from a loved one’s sexually offending behaviour. In particular, the interview data suggests that the media coverage of a loved one’s criminalized behaviour exacerbates many of the already difficult and challenging collateral consequences, as well as the overall stigmatizing effects that arise when a loved one engages in sexually offending behaviour. Recommendations, offered by the participants, regarding future media reporting practices are presented, along with important directions for future research within this area of study.

Substantive consequences of insolvency of an obligor for his business partners Abstract This thesis has a goal to describe substantive consequences of insolvency or bankruptcy of an obligor for his business partners. This goal is achieved by a comparison of norms influencing the insolvency proceedings arising from the Act no. 182/2006 Coll., about bankruptcy and methods of its solution (Insolvency Act), with the general norms of obligation law, while using academic literature, case law and legislation. The thesis describes especially single consequences which arise directly from the Insolvency Act and the purpose of these consequences. Additionally, possibilities for the business partners are included regarding avoidance of some of the consequences that might negatively affect them. Particularly, the thesis focuses on existence, extinguishment and enforceability of receivables of obligor's business partners. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter describes basic principles of the insolvency proceedings, which helps to understand the meaning and the purpose of the legislation pertinent to the insolvency proceedings. These principles are also interpretation rules for the Insolvency Act. Furthermore, individual phases of the insolvency proceedings are described in the first chapter of the...

This study aims to increase knowledge about digital violence in young people´s close relationships. The purpose of the study is to examine 1) How girls' shelters/youth shelters experience that digital violence can manifest itself, 2) What consequences girls' shelters/youth shelters experience that digital violence can have for girls, 3) How the shelters respond to girls who are exposed to digital violence. The study is focused on boys’ violence against girls in heterosexual, close relationships. The writers of this study have interviewed 7 respondents who work in either a girls' shelter or in a youth shelter. Through scientific research, interviewing respondents and using Evan Stark’s theory of ‘coercive controls techniques: threaten, monitor, scare and isolate’ digital violence is explored. The conclusion is that digital violence can be seen as a violence that often is connected with other forms of violence but also a violence that reaches the victims everywhere they go. Therefore the writers of this study have created the concept: ‘the perpetrator's extended arm’. Digital violence can also lead to consequences for the girls who are exposed to digital violence, both physical and social. Due to being exposed to digital violence, some girls can have feelings of guilt and shame. Guilt and shame have been analyzed through Charles Horton Cooley's concept of the ‘looking-glass’. Furthermore, the same concept has been used to explain how the shelters respond to girls experiencing “sympathetic introspection”.

Like other developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa is faced with the following social welfare issues: teenage pregnancies, high HIV rates, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and a high number of abortions. South Africa is dealing with the repercussions of risky sexual behaviour of female youth on a daily basis and these include: youth with STDs, teenage pregnancies, HIV infection, cervical cancer, abortion, and youth selling their bodies for money. All of these can lead to serious health risks. There are psychological and behavioural factors associated with the risk of STDs like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (Gebregiorgis, 2000:15). Gebregiorgis reported that understanding sexual risk behaviours is one of the most important issues in preventing the spread of HIV and AIDS. Doing so will result in the design and implementation of health education programmes with the view of preventing these infections, or at least minimising their occurrence (Damtie, 2013:1). Very limited research has been done on this topic in South Africa and Africa. A need for a similar study was recommended in Ethiopia, where it was stated that no published empirical studies were available on factors relating to sexual risk behaviours in rural districts such as the Enemay District, East Gojjam Zone of Ethiopia (Anemaw, 2009:5). Hence, this study will explore and describe factors that may influence female youths to engage in unsafe sexual behaviours. The focus of the study was on the risky sexual behaviour of female youth in rural and urban areas. The goal of the study was to explore and describe the nature and consequences of risky sexual behaviour of female youth in rural and urban areas. The research question of this study was: do female youth in urban and rural areas have insight regarding the nature and consequences of their risky sexual behaviour? A qualitative approach was followed with a case study research design, as the researcher wanted to compare cases in urban and rural areas. The population was school-going females aged between 18 and 20 years in Gauteng province. There were two targeted groups of population. The first one was in Kameeldrift Village, Hammanskraal in Tshwane Municipality, Gauteng province, classified as a rural area. The second population was in Tembisa, Ekurhuleni Municipality, Gauteng province, classified as an urban area. In this study non-probability, purposive sampling was used to generate a sample. The criteria for sampling participants were as follows: ? Female youth between the ages of 18 and 20 years old. ? Female youth who are sexually active, as they request contraceptives at the clinic. ? Female youth who are from Ivory Park in Tembisa and Kameeldrift Village in Hammanskraal, both in Gauteng. Twelve participants, namely six female youth from a rural area and six from an urban area, who were at the above-mentioned clinics to access family planning within the above-mentioned age groups were chosen for the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants individually. Interviews were voice recorded with the permission of the participants and were transcribed by the researcher. The data was analysed by the researcher and themes and sub-themes were generated. The research findings were presented by providing a profile of the research participants and presenting a thematic analysis of the themes and sub-themes, including literature and verbatim quotes from the transcriptions to support the findings. The themes included the following: Theme 1 Knowledge of female youth regarding reproductive health; Theme 2 Knowledge of preventative measures and prevention of pregnancy; Theme 3 Sexual risk behaviour and exploration of multiple sexual partners or concurrent partners; Theme 4 Consequences of risky sexual behaviour; and Theme 5 Attitudes experienced as a result of consequences of risky sexual behaviour. The conclusions of this study reflect that that a limited understanding of reproductive health is a contributing factor to the sexual risk behaviour displayed by female youths in both rural and urban areas. It was further concluded that fear of dealing with the consequences of risky sexual behaviour does not prevent female youth from early sexual debut. Another conclusion is that early sexual debut is the biggest factor to risky sexual behaviour, as the majority of participants started engaging in sexual activities very early in life while they were not mature enough to negotiate safer sex practices. Recommendations of this study can be used by professionals working with female youth in the health field in order to understand the dynamics involved, such as the biological, psychological, and social influences that result in the sexual behaviour of female youth. These will address the complex issues related to environmental influences that shape risky sexual behaviour of female youth. / Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Social Work and Criminology / MSW / Unrestricted

Violence against children indicates factors like physical, psychological, emotional or financial damage. This is also associated with the fact that children that are exposed to domestic violence, also witness violence between their parents. The concept of violence against children can be interpreted in a long or short term  and from childhood to adulthood. This perspective is associated with the perception that domestic violence affects children's health, survival development and dignity. The purpose of this study is to examine the consequences of domestic violence during their childhood. By using autobiographies it will be possible to create a greater understanding of how domestic violence is portrayed from an individual and societal perspective. This will be associated with the understanding of what consequences are created by domestic violence from the authors childhood to adulthood. Autobiographies will make it possible for the reader to get an insight into the consequences of violence from the individual himself. The issues that will be presented in the study are first, How are the consequences of violence for the child's growth during childhood  described in autobiographies and why exactly. Secondly, What support is given to children exposed to violence in social work and what difference has it made. This study also explores social work with abused children. In conjunction with the second issue of the study , we will highlight what kind of help that these individuals experienced when they needed help and what kind of difference this made for them in their adulthood.  To create an understanding for the social work with abused children, this study will highlight which interventions that are included in social work, for example call processing with foster children or even children or young people that need help to become drug free. This study's theoretical starting point has been about the attachment theory. The aim of the attachment theory was to create a greater understanding for the development of an individual at a very young age. The result of our study will be shown from an individual level of perspective. An individual level in a way where the three different authors will present their own statements and stories by their own experiences of domestic violence. The presented consequences by the impact of violence  that the authors were exposed to growing up. It shows a general result of  a stronger mindset and strive, within the authors, to build a more stable life as adults. The result of this study will also show obvious negative consequences such as mental illness, while the authors were growing up. It will also show consequences in terms of damaged social relationships, both in external relations such as friends but also in internal relations like the relationships between siblings. The authors present their stories where they show experiences of difficulties during their childhood and adolescence, struggling with their past as abused children. The results that are shown in conjunction with this studies' first question at issue are that the support measures that come from social services has not been enough in terms of help for these authors that have experienced domestic violence as children. Although, as the authors are growing up, we can state that they get stronger and somehow they have managed to use their vulnerable childhood as a momentum.

College campuses are a common location for individuals to experience alcohol consequences. Those consequences: health, legal, and/or academic, could cause short- or long-term repercussions on the student. Students likely have been provided education about these consequences from a range of sources (e.g., parents, friends, health courses). It is important to understand what knowledge of alcohol-related information students retain and how that information may impact their decisions around risk behavior engagement. The Student Alcohol Questionnaire (SAQ; Engs &Hanson, 1973), contains 4 subscales: drinking patterns, problems related to alcohol, knowledge of alcohol, and alcohol attitudes. This measure provided an important model for assessment of students' understanding of alcohol use consequences, however the questionnaire the language had not been updated since it was created. The current study had two aims; 1) to revise the SAQ with language that would be more accessible to current students and reflective of modern drinking trends, and 2) to examine the factor structure of the drinking problems subscale. The revision process was completed in four steps. First, the SAQ was checked overall on what needed to be rewritten or removed. After the first researcher made these changes, it was looked at by multiple raters of different levels of education (i.e., undergraduates, graduates, and faculty). These raters gave a new perspective and new ideas of what could be added for the drinking problems section. The scale was reconfigured to be shorter and to reflect today’s language. This study (i.e., the factor analysis) is the fourth step in the process to validate the questionnaire. Participants (N=255) were 18- to 58-year-olds (Mage = 20.2, SD = 4.152). Participants were directed to the SONA research site to complete the SAQ and, upon completion, were given credit to use in classes that either required or had extra credit opportunities for the student. Data was collected through RedCap and analyzed on SPSS. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sample adequacy was .91, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (X 2 (351) = 5428.14, p < .001). Since the KMO and Bartlett’s test were both significant, this meant that it was appropriate to run an exploratory factor analysis. Factor analysis extracted two factors, high-risk drinking consequences, and hangover/blackouts, both with eigenvalues above one. A reliability analysis reported that factor one had a Cronbach's Alpha of .96, and factor two had a Cronbach's Alpha of .87. These results that the revisions to the SAQ resulted in the drinking problems subscale to now reflect two separate factors. All drinking problems questions were retained as meaningful to the model, with a hangover and blackout-related questions forming their own new factor separate from general drinking consequences. The next step in our study will be to examine the correspondence between the scales other three factors and these two factors of the drinking problems subscale. Future research should also be conducted on a larger sample size to examine the stability of factor analytic findings.