Esta tese analisa as representações produzidas pela imprensa liberal-conservadora brasileira a respeito do governo de Juan Domingo Perón na Argentina, especialmente no período de 1945 a 1955. Tais imagens, quase sempre negativas, faziam parte do imaginário político nacional e foram constantemente manipuladas para atuar no jogo político brasileiro. As principais fontes históricas desta pesquisa são a revista semanal ilustrada O Cruzeiro, pertencente ao empresário da comunicação Assis Chateaubriand, e o diário carioca Tribuna da Imprensa, de propriedade do jornalista e político Carlos Lacerda, que integrava a União Democrática Nacional (UDN). Com base em notícias, editoriais, reportagens e charges veiculadas nesses periódicos, nota-se que, ao longo dos anos, o justicialismo foi associado, entre outras imagens, ao nazismo, à barbárie e a uma conspiração continental. Demonstra-se que o regime argentino foi apresentado não apenas como antimodelo político, mas como ameaça real à democracia brasileira, o que pode ter contribuído para a não aproximação entre as duas nações naquela época. / This thesis analyzes the representations produced by the liberal-conservative Brazilian press about the Juan Domingo Perón government in Argentina, especially in the period of 1945 to 1955. These images, often negative, were part of the national political imaginary and were constantly manipulated to be used in the Brazilian politics. This research has two main historical sources: the weekly magazine O Cruzeiro, belonging to the businessman Assis Chateaubriand and the daily newspaper Tribuna da Imprensa. This one belonged to the journalist and politician Carlos Lacerda, who was a member of the party União Democrática Nacional (UDN). Based on news, editorials, articles and cartoons, it was noticed that over the years the Justicialism was associated, among other images, to nazism, to barbarism and to a continental conspiracy. It was demonstrated that the Argentinian regimen was presented not only as a non recommended model, but as a real threat to the Brazilian democracy, and this may have contributed to the no rapprochement between the two nations at that time.

Context. Many occlusion culling algorithms have to cope with the task of balancing performance and accuracy. While it is desirable to accurately identify all occluded scene objects, settling with a rough estimate is often more beneficial for the overall performance. Algorithms that rely on a depth buffer can often gain a lot of performance by performing the occlusion culling at a lower resolution than the resolution of the screen. This calls for more advanced methods to render the depth buffer as the standard rasterizer will not guarantee inner coverage. Objectives. The goal of this thesis is to find a solution to generate a depth buffer where all rasterized pixels are fully covered by overlapping occluders. An algorithm is proposed that is based on previous work on inner conservative rasterization. The algorithm addresses some of the problems existing methods are suffering from, but also has some flaws of its own. Methods. The proposed algorithm is tested by comparing it to two methods that also produce conservative results. A GPU-based occlusion culling system is developed to conduct an experiment. The experiment is performed by measuring performance and culling efficiency in two different views of a scene. The scene is set up to represent an average setting in a game. Results. The results from the experiment show that the proposed algorithm outperforms its competitors in many cases. In the first scene view, the total frame time is 5% faster at a full screen resolution of 1366x768 pixels and 8% faster at a full screen resolution of 1920x1080 pixels. The depth buffer generated by the proposed algorithm is culling atleast as many occludees as its competitors and often surpasses them. In the second scene view, the total frame time is 2% faster at a full screen resolution of 1366x768 pixels and 3% faster at a full screen resolution of 1920x1080 pixels. The depth buffer generated by the proposed algorithm is often culling more occludees than its competitors, but is at lower resolutions less efficient, up to 3%. Conclusions. The conclusions show that the goal has been reached. The proposed algorithm lacks flexibility, but provides good performance and accuracy. Future work to improve the proposed algorithm is outlined.

Abstract The nature of symptoms and signs of sciatica, genetic factors, and efficacy of periradicular infiltration were studied in 160 nonoperated patients with unilateral sciatica of 3 to 28 weeks duration. Back and leg pain (100-mm VAS), disability (Oswestry), and quality-of-life (NHP) were evaluated. ENMG and 1.5-T MRI were performed on every patient. Presence of the Trp2 and Trp3 alleles of collagen IX was determined from blood samples. After informed consent, patients were randomized for periradicular infiltration with either methylprednisolone-bupivacaine, or saline. The final follow-up assessment was 1 year after the intervention. Economic analysis was based on data gathered from the patients, medical records and the National Insurance Register. At baseline, symptoms of sciatica did not correlate with the type of displacement of the symptomatic disc in MRI, or the presence of the Trp2 or Trp3 alleles. In the case of the Trp2 allele, there was a non-significant tendency for the presence of a radial tear at the L4–5 level. A significant genotype-phenotype association was found for the Trp3 allele: 15 of 34 (44%) patients with the Trp3 allele were positive for thoracolumbar Scheuermann's disease in MRI compared to 19% for sciatic patients without the allele (p = 0.003). Periradicular infiltration with methylprednisolone-bupivacaine produced a significant treatment effect compared to saline at 2 weeks for leg pain, straight leg raising, lumbar flexion and patient satisfaction. At 6 months, saline was superior to steroid in back and leg pain. By 1 year, 18 patients in the methylprednisolone group and 15 in the saline group had received surgical treatment. Subgroup analysis revealed that the short-term effect of the steroid treatment was most pronounced for contained herniations and symptomatic lesions situated at the L4–5 (or L3–4) disc level. Patients with a contained herniation were less likely to undergo back surgery when receiving the steroid treatment and they also had significantly fewer days on sick leave from 3 to 6 months. Counter-effectiveness was most pronounced for extrusions. The results indicate that disability among sciatic patients may be present even when MRI findings are minor; and vice versa, prominent MRI findings may not associate with any symptoms. However, MRI seems to be useful for identifying patients with the Trp3 allele. On the basis of the treatment intervention results, periradicular infiltration with a combination of steroid and anaesthetic may be recommended for sciatica as it offers at least short-term pain relief. Furthermore, in the case of contained herniations the steroid injection is cost-effective and may also prevent surgery. However, this subgroup analysis calls for a verification study.

Abstract The emergence of a cabinet and political parties that could be called democratic was one of the focal objectives for the Allied Occupation of Japan that lasted from 1945 until 1952. Cooperation with the local political actors was also necessitated by the model of indirect rule through domestic institutions that was adopted. The occupation authorities were actively seeking suitable political leadership to govern Japan and were ready to intervene in the development of Japan’s domestic politics for the sake of achieving their goals. Great efforts were, however, made not to distract the democratic façade that covered the undemocratic and non-transparent behind-the-scenes orders. It was important to make the selection of the new political leadership to appear as something that originated from the freely expressed will of the Japanese people. This dissertation offers the first narrative identifying and analyzing the characteristics of the occupation authorities’ policy concerning the Japanese conservatives at the beginning of the occupation. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the planning period’s influence on the actual occupation policy and introduces a wartime discussion concerning the Japanese conservatives. The process of sorting out the most suitable Japanese leaders in 1942 –1947 can be divided into several phases. What was considered suitable varied during different times, but what was expected from the suitable Japanese leadership remained rather unchanged. The planners of the occupation looked for moderate conservatives: who were to be thanked for Japan’s prewar steps toward democracy; who were not to be blamed for the war; and who were to help in the reconstruction process. At the beginning of the occupation, the occupation authorities sought for cooperative conservative statesmen who would be ready to follow the wishes of the occupier and yet claim the reforms as their own initiatives. After the first postwar general election in April 1946 this rule had to be connected with the conservative parties. Finally, the occupation authorities began to search for suitable middle-of-the-road conservatives who could, together with the right-wing of the Socialist Party, to continue the previous cabinet’s work while ensuring the social stability and the success of reforms in the changing situation.

The subject of this thesis is The Conservative Party and its use of political marketing. The text analyzes how the Party responded to three subsequent election defeats in 1997, 2001 and 2005 and to what extent are the Conservatives utilizing political marketing methods and techniques in reaction to the pressure from their more market oriented competitor, the Labour Party. Since the rebranding of the Labour Party under Tony Blair, the Conservatives were struggling to adapt to the new reality. Instead of utilizing political marketing and being more responsive to the wishes of the electorate they diverged their polities more to the right. However, their incumbent leader, David Cameron, is transforming the Party and making it more market oriented. These efforts are critically analyzed.

The main purpose of the work is to analyze the most important aspects of post war development in Great Britain. My attention will be focused primarily on measures taken by the Labour government, which for the first time in history came to power. In second part I will describe the building of the welfare state from the World War II until the end of 80's of the 20th century, when Margaret Thatcher was elected to be the prime minister. In the third part of the work I will analyze her impact on the economic conversion of Great Britain from Keynesianism to Monetarist doctrine of free market forces and responsibility of each individual for his / her fate. The government of Margaret Thatcher has set a new direction, which becomes the inspiration for many other politicians around the world. In the end of the work, I will describe the circumstances which led to the resignation of the first female prime minister in the history of Great Britain.

The aim of this paper is to study generational differences in social conservatism. The research centered around three questions. Firstly, have levels of political social conservatism increased in the youngest generation as compared to previous. Secondly, does the presidential era a person was brought up in, explain differing levels of social conservatism. And lastly, does the results in the previous questions change when you look within the sub-group of subjects who self-identify as being conservative. To answer these questions, this study will analyse responses to question meant to operationalize social conservatism found in the General Societal Survey(GSS). And compare responses between generational birth-cohorts socialised under different presidents. Generally the results showed a decline in levels of social conservatism between generations and the youngest generation was no exception. The role of a presidential era in determining levels of social conservatism was practically non-existent. The results from questions one and two did not seem to change when looking within the subgroup of self-identifying conservatives.

The objective of this study is to develop an accurate surrogate modeling method for construction of the surrogate model to represent the performance measures of the compute-intensive simulation model in reliability-based design optimization (RBDO). In addition, an assessment method for the confidence level of the surrogate model and a conservative surrogate model to account the uncertainty of the prediction on the untested design domain when the number of samples are limited, are developed and integrated into the RBDO process to ensure the confidence of satisfying the probabilistic constraints at the optimal design. The effort involves: (1) developing a new surrogate modeling method that can outperform the existing surrogate modeling methods in terms of accuracy for reliability analysis in RBDO; (2) developing a sampling method that efficiently and effectively inserts samples into the design domain for accurate surrogate modeling; (3) generating a surrogate model to approximate the probabilistic constraint and the sensitivity of the probabilistic constraint with respect to the design variables in most-probable-point-based RBDO; (4) using the sampling method with the surrogate model to approximate the performance function in sampling-based RBDO; (5) generating a conservative surrogate model to conservatively approximate the performance function in sampling-based RBDO and assure the obtained optimum satisfy the probabilistic constraints. In applying RBDO to a large-scale complex engineering application, the surrogate model is commonly used to represent the compute-intensive simulation model of the performance function. However, the accuracy of the surrogate model is still challenging for highly nonlinear and large dimension applications. In this work, a new method, the Dynamic Kriging (DKG) method is proposed to construct the surrogate model accurately. In this DKG method, a generalized pattern search algorithm is used to find the accurate optimum for the correlation parameter, and the optimal mean structure is set using the basis functions that are selected by a genetic algorithm from the candidate basis functions based on a new accuracy criterion. Plus, a sequential sampling strategy based on the confidence interval of the surrogate model from the DKG method, is proposed. By combining the sampling method with the DKG method, the efficiency and accuracy can be rapidly achieved. Using the accurate surrogate model, the most-probable-point (MPP)-based RBDO and the sampling-based RBDO can be carried out. In applying the surrogate models to MPP-based RBDO and sampling-based RBDO, several efficiency strategies, which include: (1) using local window for surrogate modeling; (2) adaptive window size for different design candidates; (3) reusing samples in the local window; (4) using violated constraints for surrogate model accuracy check; (3) adaptive initial point for correlation parameter estimation, are proposed. To assure the accuracy of the surrogate model when the number of samples is limited, and to assure the obtained optimum design can satisfy the probabilistic constraints, a conservative surrogate model, using the weighted Kriging variance, is developed, and implemented for sampling-based RBDO.

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13437号 / 論医博第2236号 / 新制||医||1054(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 松田 秀一, 教授 中山 健夫, 教授 森本 尚樹 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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