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L'imagerie quantitative des propriétés physiques du sous-sol est fondamentale pour de nombreuses applications impliquant des échelles d'exploration très variées: géotechnique pour l'imagerie de la proche surface, exploration à l'echelle crustale, reconstruction lithosphérique et imagerie globale pour la compréhension fondamentale des processus géodynamiques, mais aussi pour l'exploitation optimale des ressources du sous-sol.Parmi les méthode géophysiques, les méthodes sismiques ont le pouvoir de résolution le plus élevé. La densification des dispositifs d'acquisition, la mise au point de sources et de capteurs large bande et l'augmentation de la puissance de calcul ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour le développement et l'application de méthodes non conventionnelles d'imagerie sismique pour une extraction plus complète de l'information contenue dans les données sismiques. Parmi ces méthodes d'imagerie non conventionnelles, les méthodes d'inversion du champ d'onde complet, fondées sur la résolution complète de l'équation d'onde pour le problème direct (modélisation sismique) et la résolution d'un processus d'optimisation pour le problème inverse, font actuellement l'objet de nombreux développements méthodologiques, tant au sein des communautés industrielles qu'académiques.Le challenge numérique est la résolution du problème direct en trois dimensions pour un grand nombre de sources sismiques caractéristique des acquisitions pétrolières massives, et le challenge méthodologique est la gestion de la non-linéarité du problème inverse résultant de l'éclairage incomplet du sous-sol depuis la surface par des sources de bande-passante limitée. L'apport attendu de ces méthodes est la résolution de l'imagerie sismique de l'ordre de la demi-longueur d'onde propagée, sa capacité à imager des cibles complexes d'un point de vue structural notamment sous des écrans salifères ou basaltiques et la quantification des paramètres physiques caractérisant le sous-sol tels que la vitesse de propagation des ondes de compression à laquelle peuvent s'ajouter la densité, l'atténuation, la vitesse de propagation des ondes de cisaillement et des paramètres caractérisant l'anisotropie du milieu.L'objectif de cette thèse est de poursuivre le développement d'une méthode d'imagerie sismique acoustique 3D par l'inversion du champ d'onde complet et de l'appliquer à des données réelles pétrolières 3D de fond de mer enregistrées sur le champ pétrolier de Valhall en Mer du Nord et de fournir une des premières évaluations du potentiel des méthodes d'inversion des formes d'onde pour l'imagerie de milieux géologiques 3D L'inversion est effectuée en domaine fréquentiel où un nombre limité de fréquences est inversé suivant un protocole hiérarchique maintenant bien éprouvé procédant des basses fréquences vers les hautes fréquence: cette approche multi-échelle favorise la prise en compte de la non-linéarité du problème inverse.L'approche de modélisation en domaine temporel avec extraction du champ monochromatique par une transformée de Fourier discrète est effectuée pour calculer les champs d'onde monochromatique nécessaires à la résolution du problème inverse. L'algorithme d'optimisation du problème inverse est fondé sur une méthode de gradients conjugués préconditionés ou sur une méthode quasi-Newton. Les méthodes sont appliquées dans le cadre de l'approximation visco-acoustique isotrope où le milieu est paramétré par la vitesse de propagation des ondes de compression, l'atténuation et la densité. Seule, la composante hydrophone acquise en fond de mer est inversée. L'enjeu méthodologique de cette thèse est de fournir un modèle tri-dimensionelle du champ pétrolier de Valhall dans un cube de dimensions approximatives 18 km x 12 km x 5 km en poussant l'inversion à la fréquence la plus élevée possible.

The focus of this research has been on how the county of Hertfordshire negotiated the economic, social and political changes of the late nineteenth century. A rural county sitting within just twenty miles of the nation’s capital, Hertfordshire experienced agricultural depression and a falling rural population, whilst at the same time seeing the arrival of growing numbers of wealthy, professional people whose economic focus was on London but who sought their own little patch of the rural experience. The question of just what constituted that rural experience was played out in the local newspapers and these give a valuable insight into how the farmers of the county sought to establish their own claim to be at the heart of the rural, in the face of an alternative interpretation which was grounded in urban assumptions of the social value of the countryside as the stable heart of the nation. The widening of the franchise, increased levels of food imports and fears over the depopulation of the villages reduced the influence of farmers in directing the debate over the future of the countryside. This study is unusual in that it builds a comprehensive picture of how agricultural depression was experienced in one farming community, before considering how farmers’ attempts to claim ownership of the ‘special’ place of the rural were unsuccessful economically, socially and politically. Hertfordshire had a long tradition of attracting the newly wealthy looking to own a country estate. Historians have suggested that in the late nineteenth century there was a shift in how such men understood ownership of these estates, showing little enthusiasm for the traditional paternalistic responsibilities; in the face of a declining political and social premium attached to landownership, their interest lay purely in the leisure and sporting opportunities of the rural. However, as this research will show, the newly wealthy were not immune to that wider concern with social stability, and they engaged with their local environment in meaningful ways, using their energies and wealth to fund a range of social improvements. This research extends our understanding of just how the rhetoric of the rural was experienced by the residents of a county which so many saw as incorporating the best of the ‘south country’. In so doing, it makes a significant contribution to our knowledge of how this period of agricultural depression was interpreted by the wider nation, and the impact on social and cultural understanding of the place of the countryside within the national identity.

The society today lives on the philosophy of ‘take-make-use-dispose.’ In the long run, this is not sustainable as the natural resources and the waste carrying capacity of the earth are limited. Therefore, it is essential to reduce dependency on the natural resources by decoupling the growth from the consumption. In this venture, both the society and the manufacturing industry have a vital role to play. The society needs to shift towards Circular Economy that rests upon the philosophy of ‘take-make-use-reuse’ and the manufacturing industry has to be a major stakeholder in this shift. Despite being proven to be both economically and environmentally beneficial, successful examples of circular systems are few today. This is primarily due to two reasons; firstly, there is a lack of systemic and systematic approach to guide industries and secondly, there is a lack of analysis methods and tools that are capable of assessing different aspects of circular manufacturing systems. Taking on to these challenges, the objective of this research is to bring forward a framework with methods and decision support tools that are essential to implement circular manufacturing systems. The initial conceptual framework with the systemic approach is developed based on extensive review and analysis of research, which is further adapted for industrial implementation. Systematic analysis methods, decision support and implementation tools are developed to facilitate this adaptation. This development has been supported by four cases from diverse manufacturing sectors. Behind each decision support tool, there are analysis methods built upon mainly system dynamics principles. These tools are based on simulation platforms called Stella and Anylogic. Among other things, these tools are capable of assessing the performance of closed-loop supply chains, consequences of resource scarcity, potential gains from resource conservation and overall economic and environmental performance of circular manufacturing systems. / <p>QC 20170522</p> / ResCoM: Resource Conservative Manufacturing- transforming waste into high value resource through closed-loop product systems

Title Evaluating the Effect of Spa Treatment for Ideopatic Scoliosis Objectives The main objective of this work is to evaluate effect of spa treatment for children with ideopatic scoliosis at age of 12-15 years. My objective was to find out the efficiency of spa treatment. I also would like to find out a long-term effect while comparing girls and boys. A long-effect means, that the spa effect will last at least until the next spa visit. The next objective was to find out how many children are affected by ideopatic scoliosis, or how many children suffer from bad body posture. I was also seeking, if there is sufficient number of spa centers for treating these kinds of diseases in Czech Republic. Methods This work has a scientific character. It is a retrospective study focused on evaluation of the effect of spa treatment for children with ideopatic scoliosis. For evaluating the rate of improvement, informations from semi-standartized tests was used. These tests are used in the spa centre in Lázně Bělohrad, Czech Republic. I extracted a selected category of patients, compared these data, and visualised them in a graphs. There are 5 physioterapists working in this centre, and all of them are using the same methods for patient monitoring. However, all data had to be standardised before working with them,...

Title: Current approaches in conservative treatment of scoliosis - literature review Objective: The goal of this diploma thesis is evaluate the most efective current within a combination of a bracing with exercises therapy. Next goal is to summarize matters of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis disease, especially outline of clinical picture, causes and predisposition for origin these deformity and last but not least options in conservative treatment. Methodics: This diploma thesis is processed as literature review from available literary resources. First part of thesis contains all of theoretical bases and knowledge about adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Second part has a decriptive-analytical charakter and contains analysis of studies, which was used a bracing supplemented by exercises treatment. Results: Established criteria after finish of review fulfill only nine studies, which interest about efectivness of treatment by bracing in pacient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Because the way of studies and their very low number of studies, is not possible to evaluate results of studies and conclusively interpret, which one is the most effective access. Nevertheless in all of this studies was demonstrated higher efficancy by therapy with probands undergoing a bracing along with active exercise...

Bakgrund: I dagsläget finns det brist på studier som innefattar hur vårdnadshavare upplever barnens korsettbehandling. Behandlingen är effektiv men barnens psykiska- och fysiska hälsa påverkas negativt. Vårdnadshavare har en essentiell roll i korsettbehandlingen, därför är det betydelsefullt att identifiera de problem som upplevs av dem.   Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med studien är att redogöra för barnens upplevelse av korsettbehandlingen, ur vårdnadshavarnas perspektiv. Genom att identifiera det som anses vara mest problematiskt och vilka aspekter som kan åtgärdas kan upplevelsen av korsettbehandlingen förbättras.   Metod: En kvalitativ innehållsanalys i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer utgjorde studien. Fem vårdnadshavare intervjuades i Jönköping. Inklusionskriterierna innefattade vårdnadshavare till barn som behandlats med korsett samt som inte har några funktions- eller kognitiva nedsättningar.   Resultat: Ur analysen identifierades fyra olika huvudteman: destruktiva faktorer, konstruktiva faktorer samt information och tillgänglighet. Vårdnadshavarna uttryckte att korsettens design var den mest problematiska faktorn som påverkade barnets upplevelse av behandlingen.               Slutsats: Samtliga vårdnadshavare upplevde korsettbehandlingen olika. Det genomgående temat för samtliga var destruktiva faktorer som påverkat upplevelsen. Identifiering av problematiken kan förbättra upplevelsen av korsettbehandlingen. / Background: There is a lack of studies that include how parents experience their children's brace treatment. The treatment is effective but contributes to negative impact on children's mental and physical health. Parents have an essential role in the brace treatment, therefore it is important to explore their experience.  Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the children's experience of the brace treatment, from the parent’s perspective. By addressing what is considered most problematic and what aspects that can be changed, it may improve the experience of the brace treatment.    Method: A qualitative analysis based on semi-structured interviews composed the study. Five parents were interviewed in Jönköping. The inclusion criteria included parents of children treated with brace who had no functional or cognitive impairments.   Results: Four main themes appeared from the analysis: destructive factors, constructive factors, information and accessibility. The design of the brace was expressed as the most problematic factor that affected children's experience of the treatment according to the parents.   Conclusion: All parents experienced the brace treatment differently. The main topic was destructive factors that affected their experience. Future studies should identify problems associated with the treatment so the experience can be improved.

This study examined the metaphors used in contemporary American conservative discourse between October 2018 and March 2019, focusing on material published by conservative think tanks (CTTs) and tweets made by Republican senators in relation to climate change. For the CTTs, a domain-specific corpus (36,388 words) was compiled and a smaller corpus (3967 words) was assembled based on 135 tweets. These datasets showed that conspiracy scepticism was the most common type of scepticism used to discredit climate change data, scientists and environmental policies. In addition, the datasets indicate that conservative agents frequently used metaphors of WAR, RELIGION, HEALTH, BUILDING, JOURNEY, WATER and PRODUCT to convey negative frames. These domains linked to the conceptual key LIFE IS A STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL and were presented in a moral context. In response to these findings it is suggested that the scientific community incorporate emotional language, metaphors and moral values when communicating environmental issues.

Nos últimos anos, as práticas e valores multiculturais estão cada vez mais visíveis dentro das corporações. Para entender os impactos desses valores culturais dentro da entidade, Gray (1988) estudou as classificações dos valores culturais de Hofstede (1980): individualismo, masculinidade, aversão à incerteza, distância do poder, orientação de longo prazo e indulgência, e os relacionou com quatro características contábeis: profissionalismo, uniformidade, conservadorismo e sigilo. O modelo teórico de Gray (1988) explica o impacto das dimensões culturais no desenvolvimento dos sistemas contábeis, no entanto testes empíricos são necessários para verificar se existe, de fato, uma relação entre os valores culturais e as características contábeis. Com isso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo testar empiricamente se as dimensões culturais de países considerados culturalmente conservadores influenciam as empresas no conservadorismo dos números contábeis. A metodologia consistiu na análise de 4.700 empresas, distribuídas entre os mercados de ações do Brasil (192), Alemanha (272), Japão (2678) e Estados Unidos da América (1558), para o período de 2011 a 2016 retiradas da base de dados da Thomson Reuters. O modelo econométrico utilizado foi a autoregressão de Kanagaretnam, Lim e Lobo (2013) adaptado e foram adicionadas novas variáveis de controle a fim de melhorar a qualidade dos resultados. A amostra é altamente balanceada, e para corrigir características do modelo, foi rodada a regressão robusta em painel. Este modelo relaciona as medidas de conservadorismo com cada uma das dimensões de cultura de Hofstede (2001) que Gray (1988) cita como influentes no conservadorismo contábil, aversão à incerteza, masculinidade e individualismo, para verificar se existe uma relação e se os países culturalmente conservadores são também contabilmente conservadores. Os resultados se mostraram significativos e vão de acordo com a hipótese formulada por Gray (1988). Dessa forma, os resultados contribuem com o debate sobre a consideração da prudência como característica qualitativa da informação contábil, também contribui com o debate sobre o processo de harmonização das normas internacionais de contabilidade. Ademais, as alterações no modelo utilizado contribuem metodologicamente para as pesquisas de conservadorismo e cultura na contabilidade. Adicionalmente, os resultados devem auxiliar os investidores a considerarem, em seu modelo decisório, se vale a pena investir em empresas sediadas em países com certas características culturais consideradas conservadoras, de acordo com o seu perfil de investimento, pois, isto pode influenciar os resultados contábeis dessas empresas / In the past few years, multicultural practices and values are increasingly visible within corporations. Gray (1988) studied the classification of cultural values of Hofstede (1980), individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, distance of power, long-term orientation and indulgence, and its relationships with four accounting indicators, professionalism, uniformity, conservatism and secrecy. The theoretical framework of Gray (1988) explains the impact of cultural dimensions with the development of accounting systems, however empirical tests are necessary to verify if there is, in fact, a relationship between cultural values and accounting values. With this, the present paper aims to test empirically if the cultural values, of conservative cultural countries, influence companies in the conservatism of accounting numbers. The methodology consisted in the analysis of 4,700 companies, distributed among the stock markets of Brazil (192), Germany (272), Japan (2678) and United States of America (1558) for the period 2011 to 2016 collected from the Thomson Reuters database. The econometric model used was the autoregression of Kanagaretnam, Lim and Lobo (2013) adapted, new control variables were added to improve the quality of the results. The sample is highly balanced, and to correct the model\'s characteristics a robust panel regression was run. This model relates conservative measures to each of Hofstede\'s (2001) dimensions of culture that Gray (1988) cites as influential in accounting conservatism, aversion to uncertainty, masculinity and individualism, to see if there is a relationship and whether countries culturally conservatives are also conservative in the accounting numbers. The results were significant and go according to the hypothesis formulated by Gray (1988). Thus, the results contribute to the debate on the consideration of prudence as a qualitative characteristic of accounting information, it also contributes to the debate on the process of international accounting standards\' harmonization. In addition, the changes in the used model contribute methodologically to the researches of conservatism and culture in accounting. Furthermore, the results should help investors to consider in their decision-making process, whether it is worth investing in companies based in countries with certain cultural characteristics considered conservative, based on their investment profile, as this may influence the accounting results of these companies

A presente pesquisa trata sobre alguns dos principais legados e heranças que o regime militar de 1964-1985 trouxe ao Brasil. Num primeiro momento abordou-se a formação sócio-política da América Latina, se restringindo mais especificamente à América do Sul, chegando-se ao período que genericamente conhecemos por populismo. E, na sequência, um panorama histórico dos regimes militares que permearam a vida política de várias nações sul-americanas, como Peru, Chile e Argentina, a partir da década de 1960. A análise torna-se centrada no Brasil, a partir da exposição da participação dos militares na política nacional, desde a proclamação da República, em 1889, passando-se pela República Velha, a Era Vargas (1930-1945) e pelo período democrático, iniciado em 1946, até a renúncia de Jânio Quadros, em 1961. Ao chegar-se no período de João Goulart (1961-1964), a análise se torna mais detalhada por aquele ter sido o governo derrubado pelo golpe de 1964. Segue-se um panorama histórico bastante abrangente dos cinco presidentes-generais que governaram o Brasil entre 1964 a 1985: Castelo Branco; Costa e Silva; Médici; Ernesto Geisel; e João Figueiredo. Naquele momento, o trabalho se detém num exame mais acurado do milagre econômico; dos anos de chumbo; da distensão ou abertura; e da transição democrática, com o movimento das Diretas-Já e o Colégio Eleitoral que elegeu Tancredo Neves, presidente da República, em 1985. Após esta longa retomada histórica, são abordados os legados e as heranças do regime militar ao espaço geográfico-territorial brasileiro tomando-se como fio norteador o conceito e o processo de modernização conservadora/centralizadora. Este processo é analisado desde as suas raízes, na Revolução de 1930 e início da Era Vargas, destacando-se o Estado Novo varguista (1937-1945), prosseguindo-se pelo período democrático pós-1946, tratando-se, em especial, do outro governo de Getúlio Vargas (1951-1954) e o de Juscelino Kubitschek (1956-1960). E chega-se ao regime militar iniciado em 1964. O foco desta parte do trabalho são as políticas territoriais adotadas e implementadas pelo governo federal ao longo dessas diferentes fases político-institucionais do Brasil e que afetaram o território nacional trazendo reflexos até hoje, bem como a implantação, estruturação e a consolidação de redes por parte dos governos militares pós- 1964 como a de transportes, a urbana, a de telecomunicações, a elétrica, etc., procurando-se salientar que essa modernização autoritária, imposta pelo governo central brasileiro, apresentou notória continuidade apesar das mudanças político-institucionais que o Brasil experimentou naquelas décadas, fazendo-se então um balanço dos legados e das heranças que esse modelo modernizante, reforçado sobremaneira pelo regime militar, trouxe ao espaço geográfico e território brasileiro, em nome da unificação e da integração nacionais. Finalmente, este trabalho faz uma breve retomada histórica da Geografia Política e da Geopolítica,desde o século XIX até ao século XX, posteriormente adentrando-se no pensamento geopolítico brasileiro, desde a década de 1930 até a visão triunfalista do Brasil-Potência dos anos 1970, com especial destaque ao pensamento de Golbery do Couto e Silva. E depois, as críticas à esta visão triunfalista e ao pensamento geopolítico no Brasil, com a necessidade de se repensar a Geografia Política em nosso país. / The present research about some major legacies to the 1964-1985 military regime brought to Brazil. At first approached the formation social and policy of Latin America, if restricting more specifically to South America, the period generally known as populism. And, as a result, a history of the military regimes that permeated the political life of several South American Nations, such as Peru, Chile and Argentina, from the early 60s. The analysis becomes centered in Brazil, from the exposure of military participation in national politics, since the proclamation of the Republic in 1889, passing by the old Republic, the Vargas Era (1930-1945) and the democratic period, which started in 1946, until the resignation of President Jânio Quadros in 1961. Upon arriving in the period of João Goulart (1961-1964), the analysis becomes more detail for that have been the Government overthrown by the coup détat of 1964. Below is a comprehensive historical overview of the five Presidents-generals who ruled Brazil between 1964 to 1985: Castelo Branco; Costa e Silva; Medici; Ernesto Geisel; and João Figueiredo. At that time, the work comes to a halt in a more accurate examination of the \"economic miracle\"; the \"years of lead\"; the \"bloating\" or opening; and the democratic transition, with the movement of the \"direct\" and the electoral college that elected Tancredo Neves, President of the Republic, in 1985. After this long historical resume, are covered and the legacies of the military regime to the geographical space-Brazilian territorial taking as \"guiding wire\" the concept and the conservative modernization process/centering. This process is analyzed from its roots in the revolution of 1930 and early Vargas highlighting New Vargas State (1937-1945), continuing the democratic period post 1946, dealing, in particular, of another Government of Getúlio Vargas (1951-1954) and the Juscelino Kubitschek (1956-1960). And arrive at the military regime started in 1964. The focus of this part of the job are territorial policies adopted and implemented by the federal Government over these different political and institutional stages of Brazil and that affected the country bringing reflections until today, as well as deployment, structuring and consolidation of networks by military governments post 1964 as urbanization, transports, telecommunications, electric , etc., should be noted that this authoritarian modernization, imposed by the central Government of Brazil, presented notorious continuity despite political and institutional changes that Brazil experienced in those decades, doing a legacy and balance of the legacies that this model of modernization greatly reinforced by the military regime, brought to the geographical space and Brazilian territory, in the name of national integration and unification. Finally, this work makes a brief resumption of political geography and Geopolitics since the 19th century until the 20th century, later entering in the Brazilian geopolitical thinking, since the 1930 until the vision \"triumphalist\" of \"Brazil-power\" of the 70´s, with special emphasis on thought of Golbery do Couto e Silva. And then, the criticism of this vision \"triumphalist\" and geopolitical thinking in Brazil, with the need to rethink the political geography in our country.