O crescimento da economia brasileira proporcionou uma intensificação na quantidade de obras de infraestrutura iniciadas no país nos últimos anos. A adoção e ampliação de estratégias utilizadas pelo governo para combater os efeitos da crise internacional sobre a economia e as obras necessárias ao país, em razão de eventos internacionais que acontecerão, como a Copa do Mundo de Futebol em 2014, e de programas como o Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC), foram uma resposta às atuais necessidades do Brasil. Com essas inúmeras obras, houve um crescimento na geração dos resíduos da construção civil (RCC), o que fez com que autoridades, pesquisadores e a sociedade voltassem seus esforços para enfrentar as dificuldades de manejo e disposição final adequada desses resíduos. A ausência de políticas públicas que promovessem a fiscalização do gerenciamento desses resíduos, em relação aos geradores, provocava diversos impactos como, por exemplo, o surgimento de vários depósitos clandestinos nas áreas mais afastadas do perímetro urbano e gastos por parte da administração pública com modelos de gestão corretiva. Contudo, com a elaboração da Resolução CONAMA nº 307/2002 e da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, Decreto nº 7.404/2010 que regulamenta a Lei nº 12.305, ficou instituído que os geradores devem ser responsáveis pelos resíduos das atividades voltadas à construção civil, contemplando, assim, a minimização dos impactos causados ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana. Dessa forma, esse quadro de descaso com a situação dos resíduos começou a mudar. Com a intenção de contribuir com essa área de conhecimento, esta pesquisa teve como finalidade estudar a situação do sistema de gerenciamento de RCC de obras de grande porte, após a regulamentação da Resolução CONAMA nº 307/2002 e do Decreto nº 7.404/2010, que regulamenta a Lei nº 12.305, referente à Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo da situação da gestão e do gerenciamento dos RCC na demolição e construção da Arena Fonte Nova, em Salvador - BA, e na construção da Arena Pernambuco, em São Lourenço da Mata - PE, realizadas para a Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014, por meio de três etapas de estudo: análise das variáveis e indicadores locais; caracterização qualitativa dos resíduos; e, por fim, comparação do gerenciamento da obra com o preconizado em ambas as leis. Esta pesquisa utilizou metodologia de classificação qualitativa do RCC, por meio de observações e entrevistas de campo, com o objetivo de identificar e analisar sua gestão e seu gerenciamento nessas obras, e teve como principal importância ajudar as empresas construtoras de obras de grande porte a fazerem uma autoavaliação de sua gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos. Portanto, concluiu-se que as obras pesquisadas atendem às exigências das leis e que, para que haja um efetivo sistema de gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos da construção civil, deve-se influenciar a mudança cultural das pessoas, visando a efetiva compreensão e concordância das necessidades ambientais. / The Brazilian economy has provided an enhancement in the amount of infrastructure works initiated in the country in recent years. The adoption and expansion of strategies used by the government to combat the effects of global crisis on the economy and the works necessary for the country due to international events that will happen as the FIFA World Cup in 2014 and programs such as PAC (Program Growth Acceleration), were a response to the current needs of Brazil. With these numerous works, there was an increase in the generation of civil construction waste (CCW), which meant that the authorities, researchers and society return their efforts to face the difficulties of handling and final disposal of such waste. The absence of public policies that promote the monitoring of waste management in relation to generators, caused many impacts, for example, the emergence of several underground deposits in the areas furthest from the urban perimeter and spending by the public administration models corrective management. However, the drafting of the CONAMA Resolution 307/2002 and the National Policy on Solid Waste Decree 7.404/2010 which regulates Law 12,305, it was established that the generators should be responsible for waste from activities related to construction, encompassing thus minimizing the impacts to the environment and human health. Thus, this picture of neglect with the waste situation began to change. Intending to contribute to this area of knowledge, the present study was aimed to study the situation of the CCW management system for large works, after the implementation of Resolution CONAMA 307/2002 and Decree regulating 7.404/2010 Law 12,305, on the National Policy on Solid Waste. To that end, a study of the CCW management situation was conducted in the demolition and construction of the Arena Fonte Nova in Salvador - Bahia, and in the construction of the Arena Pernambuco in São Lourenço da Mata - PE, performed for the FIFA World Cup 2014, through three stages of study: analysis of variables and local indicators, qualitative characterization of the waste and, finally, comparing the CCW management as recommended in both laws. This research used the qualitative methodology of the CCW, through field observations and interviews, in order to identify and analyze the management of these same works and its main importance to help manufacturers of major works to make a self- evaluation of its management and solid waste management. Therefore,it was concluded that the works researched met the requirements of laws and that to have an effective management system of civil construction waste, must influence cultural change in the people, in order to enhance comprehension and compliance of environmental needs.

In general, dreams are conceived, ideas are conceptualised, and initiatives are embarked upon in order to alter the state of realities. Dreams change realities; when mechanisms are put in place to realise them, dreams succeed. However, anecdotal evidence as well as empirical findings has continued to reiterate the difficulties associated with realising dreams related to construction projects. Extending the „dream‟ analogy to the South African construction industry context therefore paints an uninspiring picture. Dreams associated with construction do not have a 100% chance of becoming realities as evident in reported poor project performance in the industry. Shattered dreams in the form of poor performing projects, poorly implemented construction processes, or worst, projects delivered at the expense of unexpected cost to the client as a direct result of poor H&S or time overruns, negate the intent of dreams. This thesis is primarily concerned with project performance related bottlenecks in South African construction. After an extensive review of related literature that entails the analysis of publications related to non-value adding activities (NVAAs), supply chain management (SCM), and system dynamics (SD) in the construction project management realm, an exhaustive mixed-mode quantitative survey was conducted among key participants in the South African infrastructure sector. Public sector clients, consulting engineers and contractors that were involved in civil engineering projects were surveyed repeatedly with approximately five survey instruments at convenient intervals. Results arising from the study, inter-alia, indicate that: an appreciable amount of NVAAs occur in South African construction; these NVAAs become further compounded when propagated into other value adding activities (VAAs) in the construction process; the identified NVAAs equally perpetrate the menace associated with poor performance to the detriment of the achievement of cost, H&S, quality, and time project targets, and the root cause of these NVAAs that often contribute to poor performance is not far from the much reported „shortage of skills‟ in South Africa. Notable contributions to the body of knowledge include SD models are extendable regardless of the source of their empirical data as evident in the qualitative models proposed in this study; within the SD domain, it is advisable to consider the „competence‟ of individuals assigned to tasks especially in a developing country as this study revealed that human resources issues predominate among the sources of NVAAs that eventuate in a range of poor project performance; the NVAAs that occur, and their causes on projects are perceived to be due to lapses and / or inadequacies that involved the entire construction supply chain; there is no single construction process / task that is immune from being affected by NVAAs; and within the South African, and by implication construction context generally iii in developing countries, the adequacy of required knowledge among project stakeholders is the most crucial determinant of project performance. As opposed to what is obtainable in developed countries, the construction industry in developing countries, particularly in South Africa, should take advantage of knowledge management (KM) techniques such as brainstorming, communities of practices, and face-to-face interactions. These techniques can be driven through appropriate mentorship programmes, industry focused built environment education, and other human resources driven avenues that do not necessarily require substantial investment in technologies, so that to a large extent organisations in the industry can prioritise KM, and thereafter, continually engage in it for future performance improvement. Using inferential statistical methods for hypotheses testing, and SD concepts for creating qualitative models led to a range of recommendations which, inter-alia, propose that halting the tide of NVAAs and poor performance requires the management of both tacit and explicit knowledge gained in construction; and most importantly, it requires the assurance that „competence‟ is the overriding criteria for selecting project partners, and also, for assigning either design or construction related activities to responsible parties involved in project realisation in South Africa. In effect, in order to engender a culture of continuous improvement in South African construction, other considerations should be subservient to „competence‟ in the construction supply chain. Competence must be located among everyone involved in project realisation, that is, enhancing the competence of all involved in project realisation is as good as ensuring performance improvement, which in turn, equates to the acceleration of project delivery in South Africa.

Abstract The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate of what use the method Visual Planning can be in the construction industry in general and in the design phase of construction projects in particular.   The investigation and empirical part of the thesis has been based on semi-structured interviews with process developers, design managers and designers from Swedish companies where Visual Planning is used. The interviews have been the base for a comparative case study with the aim of providing an overview of how the method is currently used, interpreted, experienced and perceived in the Swedish construction industry and by its professionals. The master thesis has been made in collaboration with the Swedish consultancy firm Tyréns AB in Stockholm.   The results of the interviews differ on an individual level. The majority of the respondents are however positive and believe in the future of the methods. All respondents stress the lacking documentation, however, as the major difficulty. Several respondents have stressed the difficulties of working in a scattered team due to the analogue format as a shortcoming of the method as well. The biggest benefits stated are the easy accessible overview provided and the clarification of commitments, due to the active participation of the design participants, the analogue format, and the way of mapping of the information process.   It has been found that Visual Planning can be of use as a support in the process of construction project management, since it may facilitate the understanding of how to reach objectives and provide an easy accessible overview of the progress and status of a project. It should however be viewed as a complement to the process of construction project management, and not as a replacement. In conclusion it may facilitate earlier problem solving, since commitment is raised, which in the end facilitates the project to stay within budget as well as to meet the deadline. / Sammanfattning Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utreda vilken nytta metoden Visuell Planering kan vara av i byggbranschen i allmänhet och projekteringsfasen av byggprojekt i synnerhet.   Undersökningen har baserats på semi-strukturerade intervjuer med processutvecklare, projekteringsledare och projektörer från företag inom den svenska byggsektorn där Visuell Planering används. Intervjuerna har utgjort grunden för en jämförande fallstudie med avseendet att skapa en överblick och insyn i hur metoden i dagsläget används, tolkas och upplevs i den svenska byggbranschen och av yrkesverksamma i branschen. Examensarbetet har genomförts i samarbete med konsultföretaget Tyréns AB i Stockholm.   Intervjuresultaten varierar på individnivå. Majoriteten av intervjupersonerna är dock positiva och tror på metodens framtid. Alla tillfrågade beskriver den låga mängden dokumentation som det största problemet hos metoden. Flera yrkesverksamma beskriver även metodens tillkortakommanden då arbete bedrivs i spridda team. En följd av metodens analoga format.  Den genererade lättöverskådliga helhetsbilden och förtydliganden av åtagande och engagemang, som följd av projektmedlemmarnas aktiva deltagande, det analoga formatet och sättet som informationsprocessen kartläggs beskrivs som det största vinsterna.   Det har framkommit att Visuell Planering kan vara av användning och fungera som ett stöd i byggprojektledning, då metoden underlättar förståelse för hur mål ska uppnås och skapar en lättuppfattad bild av ett projekts status och framåtskridande. Metoden bör dock ses som ett komplement i processen av byggprojektledning och projekteringsledning, snarare än en ersättning. Visuell Planering kan slutligen främja problemlösningen i tidigare skeden, då känslan av förpliktelse, åtagande och engagemang höjs, vilket i sin tur skapar bättre möjligheter för projektet att hålla sig inom budget så väl som att möta deadline.

Since 1976 public agencies in Oregon have been allowed to select construction contractors using a "qualification" based competition instead of the more typical lowest responsible bid or Design-Bid-Build (DBB) basis. Since 1985, at least 136 such selections, commonly known as CM/GC for Construction Manager/General Contractor, have been made. The results of this policy have not previously been analyzed. This research compares these selection methods, seeking to answer the following questions: Does the CMl/GC method result in projects that differ from DBB projects regarding cost and schedule control? Are CMl/GC projects more efficient than DBB projects, where efficiency is defined as the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technical efficiency score? Does efficiency depend on an interaction between project type and the selection method? How do project stakeholders evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of the two selection methods? How do projects compare when the only apparent difference between them is the selection method? To answer these questions, we identified 407 Oregon public building construction projects and obtained a variety of data, including cost and schedule results, for 215 jobs (111 CMl/GC and 104 DBB). We analyzed the data several ways, including statistical analysis, DEA, and various qualitative methods. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the CMl/GC and DBB projects regarding cost and schedule control. The DEA technical efficiency scores showed that CMl/GC projects outperformed the DBB projects. There was no interaction effect between project type and selection method. Project stakeholders stated that reduction of risk is the principal benefit of using CMl/GC; however, architects and subcontractors are less enthusiastic than owners and general contractors. Data on two nearly identical projects indicated that the DBB project was less costly than the comparable CMlGC project and also incurred less cost growth; both projects were completed on time. To summarize, this research fails to find support for the current Oregon law that exempts certain projects from competitive bidding based on the presumption that CMl/GC will lead to substantial cost savings but does indicate that the CMl/GC projects may be better able to accommodate accelerated project schedules.

As sustainability and sustainable development becomes increasingly important on levels from individual to global scale, there is a need for everybody to do their part. The construction industry has a huge impact on all three pillars of sustainability and thus, has to adapt to facilitate sustainable development in their practices. Facilitating and incorporating sustainability can be attempted in many ways, among which sustainable project management is one alternative. This thesis aims to explore opinions and experiences of project managers in the Swedish construction industry connected to sustainability, with focus on the tensions and reactions that emerge when incorporating sustainability in projects. This will be realised by replicating the article “The Paradoxical Profession: Project Management and the Contradictory Nature of Sustainable Project Objectives” by Sabini and Alderman (2021). To facilitate an understanding of fundamental concepts and the subject, a literature overview was conducted. Empirical data was obtained through semi-structured interviews, analysed in accordance with the Gioia methodology and discussed using paradox theory and a tension framework. The findings show that project managers face various tensions as well as reactions connected to the incorporation of sustainability in projects. While four tensions and six reactions emerged from the analysis, most of the described problems stem from a deficit of knowledge or project and industry constraints. The largest differences between the findings of Sabini and Alderman (2021) and this thesis are attributed to the time difference between when the interviews were held as well as the change of context. Despite the emergent tensions and reactions, the overall attitude regarding sustainability among the respondents was positive and they gave examples of sustainable practices already in place as well as shared ideas for future improvement. These indicated that most project managers have a business case frame mindset as opposed to a paradoxical frame, seeking to eliminate any tensions that emerge. Additionally, the findings indicated that expanding knowledge regarding sustainability would most likely be the largest aid in the incorporation of sustainability in projects, for example through an industry wide knowledge base. / I takt med att hållbarhet och hållbar utveckling blir allt viktigare på alla plan, från individuell till global nivå, ökar behovet av att alla gör sin del. Byggbranschen har stor påverkan på alla tre hållbarhetsdimensioner och behöver därför göra förändringar för att underlätta och främja hållbarhetsarbete. Integrering och främjande av hållbarhetsaspekter kan angripas på många olika sätt, där hållbar projektledning är ett alternativ. Denna uppsats ämnar därför att undersöka åsikter och erfarenheter kopplade till hållbarhet bland projektledare i den svenska byggbranschen, med fokus på de spänningar och reaktioner som uppstår när hållbarhet integreras i projekt. Detta är ämnat att åstadkommas genom att replikera artikeln “The Paradoxical Profession: Project Management and the Contradictory Nature of Sustainable Project Objectives” av Sabini och Alderman (2021). För att skapa insikt och förståelse för grundläggande begrepp och relevanta kunskapsområden genomfördes en litteraturstudie. Empirisk data erhölls genom semistrukturerade intervjuer som sedan analyserades med utgångspunkt i Gioia-metodologin och diskuterades utifrån paradoxteori och ett spänningsramverk. Resultaten visar att projektledare stöter på flertalet spänningar och reaktioner på dessa kopplade till integrering av hållbarhet i projekt. Trots att fyra spänningar och sex reaktioner framkom från analysen så hade de flesta problemen sin grund i otillräcklig kunskap alternativt begränsningar från branschen eller projekten. Den största skillnaden mellan Sabini och Aldermans (2021) resultat och de som framkom i denna uppsats anses i huvudsak bero på tidsskillnaden mellan genomförandet av intervjuerna tillsammans med att alla respondenterna är verksamma i byggbranschen. Även om spänningar och reaktioner förekom var alla respondenter positivt inställda till hållbarhet. De gav exempel på redan förekommande hållbarhetsarbete, men kom även med förslag på hur det kan förbättras i framtiden. Dessa indikerade att de flesta projektledare har en business case frame-inställning till skillnad från en paradoxical frame och söker sätt att eliminera de spänningar som uppstår. Utöver detta indikerade svaren att den troligtvis största förbättringen för involverande av hållbarhet i projekt skulle komma från ökad kunskap om hållbarhet över hela branschen, exempelvis genom införande av en delad erfarenhetsbank för hela branschen.

Transport efficiency within construction is low. One reason behind the lack of efficiency within the construction transport is the lack of proper logistics management that in turn results in problems of delivery reliability, material flows as well as material availability. Other issues caused by lack of proper logistics management are poor information sharing and poor transport planning. Poor information sharing results in outdated plans, last minutes changes, nonstandardized processes, whereas poor transport planning leads to low vehicle utilization, travelling extra due to poor routing, empty running, increased number of transports, improper material handling resulting in damages, etc. Therefore, lack of proper logistics management makes construction transports to use more resources (such as time, fuel, vehicle, energy, and effort) than needed which in turn has negative impact on the environment as well as on the productivity. Construction transport has not been given much focus in prior research because construction transport gets camouflaged in the purchasing price and therefore remains unnoticed as a distinct activity. This highlights the need to better understand construction transport to improve its efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to explore and describe the ways to measure and improve construction transport efficiency (CTE) by the use of logistics management. This is studied from two different perspectives: the main contractor and the transporter. In terms of logistics management, construction logistics setups (CLS) and performance measurements are studied. Following research questions fulfil the purpose of the thesis: RQ1: How to define and measure construction transport efficiency? RQ2: How can logistics management be used in improving construction transport efficiency? To answer the research questions, case study research has been used as there is a need to develop an in-depth and detailed understanding of construction transports. The thesis is based on two single case studies and one multiple case study. Data collection has been made via documents, interviews, and observations. The thesis defines construction transport efficiency and identifies performance measurements of importance within construction transport efficiency. However, there is a lack of useful data that makes it difficult to calculate most of the identified performance measures. The thesis enhances the understanding of lack of efficiency that exists within construction transports by identifying value adding, non-value adding, and necessary but non-value adding activities within construction transports. Furthermore, it shows that logistics management can be used in improving construction transport efficiency as logistics management has been found helpful in decreasing non-value adding transport activities such as waiting to load and unload, searching for the right unloading place, contacting the concerned person at site, putting a net on a filled waste container by the driver, taking pictures of the offloaded material etc. The thesis highlights the value that logistics services (such as material delivery management, on-site VMI, waste management) create for the main contractor and the transporter in terms of improving construction transport efficiency. Overall, this thesis increases the understanding of construction transport efficiency through the introduction of performance measures and providing examples of how logistics management can impact. The thesis is an important piece of knowledge in the bigger puzzle of developing performance measurement system (PMS). It contributes with a comprehensive, empirically based picture of value adding and non-value adding activities within construction transport.

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Transport efficiency within construction is low. One reason behind the lack of efficiency within the construction transport is the lack of proper logistics management that in turn results in problems of delivery reliability, material flows as well as material availability. Other issues caused by lack of proper logistics management are poor information sharing and poor transport planning. Poor information sharing results in outdated plans, last minutes changes, nonstandardized processes, whereas poor transport planning leads to low vehicle utilization, travelling extra due to poor routing, empty running, increased number of transports, improper material handling resulting in damages, etc. Therefore, lack of proper logistics management makes construction transports to use more resources (such as time, fuel, vehicle, energy, and effort) than needed which in turn has negative impact on the environment as well as on the productivity. Construction transport has not been given much focus in prior research because construction transport gets camouflaged in the purchasing price and therefore remains unnoticed as a distinct activity. This highlights the need to better understand construction transport to improve its efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to explore and describe the ways to measure and improve construction transport efficiency (CTE) by the use of logistics management. This is studied from two different perspectives: the main contractor and the transporter. In terms of logistics management, construction logistics setups (CLS) and performance measurements are studied. Following research questions fulfil the purpose of the thesis: RQ1: How to define and measure construction transport efficiency? RQ2: How can logistics management be used in improving construction transport efficiency? To answer the research questions, case study research has been used as there is a need to develop an in-depth and detailed understanding of construction transports. The thesis is based on two single case studies and one multiple case study. Data collection has been made via documents, interviews, and observations. The thesis defines construction transport efficiency and identifies performance measurements of importance within construction transport efficiency. However, there is a lack of useful data that makes it difficult to calculate most of the identified performance measures. The thesis enhances the understanding of lack of efficiency that exists within construction transports by identifying value adding, non-value adding, and necessary but non-value adding activities within construction transports. Furthermore, it shows that logistics management can be used in improving construction transport efficiency as logistics management has been found helpful in decreasing non-value adding transport activities such as waiting to load and unload, searching for the right unloading place, contacting the concerned person at site, putting a net on a filled waste container by the driver, taking pictures of the offloaded material etc. The thesis highlights the value that logistics services (such as material delivery management, on-site VMI, waste management) create for the main contractor and the transporter in terms of improving construction transport efficiency. Overall, this thesis increases the understanding of construction transport efficiency through the introduction of performance measures and providing examples of how logistics management can impact. The thesis is an important piece of knowledge in the bigger puzzle of developing performance measurement system (PMS). It contributes with a comprehensive, empirically based picture of value adding and non-value adding activities within construction transport.

Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Science in Development Planning to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Architecture and Planning at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017 / Throughout the 21st century, floods have caused major disasters in urban areas worldwide and especially in Africa. Several factors influence the ability of government to manage flood disasters through the phases of, preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery at a local level. The vulnerability of poor communities to flood disasters exacerbates the impact of the flooding on their livelihoods. The inability of governments to communicate effectively with communities about preparedness strategies for flood mitigation has resulted in much damage in urban areas. The study used semi-structured interviews with Disaster Management officials and community members involved in flooding to evaluate the Disaster Risk Management in Bramfischerville. The fieldwork took place in Bramfischerville that was affected by the 2009 floods. The research revealed that the 2009 Bramfischerville floods were caused by heavy rains, the building of RDP housing on a floodplain and ineffective implementation of Disaster Management strategies by the CoJ. This research argues that in order to understand flood disasters, cooperation between all stakeholders involved in Disaster Management is vital in knowledge accumulation. The 2009 floods had negatively impacted the livelihoods of people in Bramfischerville. Their houses were damaged and they had difficulty traveling to work and school. In this view, the costs associated with floods are continuously being a debt for the people living in Bramfischerville. This research found that the disjuncture between the community and the City of Johannesburg (CoJ) officials exacerbates the negative impacts floods have on people’s livelihoods in Bramfischerville. / MT2018

by Woo Yan Fan, Stella. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [36-37, 3rd gp.]). / executive summary --- p.ii / table of contents --- p.viii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- environment of business --- p.1 / Background --- p.1 / Change in Construction Industry in the PRC Context --- p.2 / Quality Management in Hong Kong --- p.4 / Quality Awareness Campaign in the Construction Industry --- p.4 / Quality Management in the Public Sector --- p.5 / Business Opportunity in Quality Management in the PRC --- p.6 / Chapter ii. --- quality assurance - confidence to the purchaser --- p.7 / Definition --- p.7 / "Service Concept of the TQM Quality Management Co., Ltd" --- p.7 / Implementation of Quality Assurance Management --- p.8 / Benefits of a Fee-based Quality Assurance Sytem --- p.10 / Chapter iii. --- market reserach --- p.11 / Analysis of Quality Management in the PRC Context --- p.11 / Current Quality Problems --- p.11 / Underlying Reasons for Quality Problems --- p.12 / Implementation of Quality Assurance in China's Construction Industry --- p.12 / Difficulties in Applying Quality Assurance in China's Construction Industry --- p.14 / Strategy for Implementating Total Quality --- p.15 / Product Profile --- p.16 / Market Profile --- p.21 / "Shanghai""" --- p.22 / Beijing --- p.26 / Guangzhou --- p.28 / Market Potential --- p.28 / Customers' Profile --- p.32 / New World Development --- p.32 / Henderson China --- p.33 / Other Major Players --- p.35 / Competitors' Profile --- p.35 / Direct Competitors --- p.35 / Indirect Competitors --- p.35 / Chapter iv. --- target market --- p.37 / Chapter v. --- marketing strategy --- p.39 / Marketing Objectives --- p.39 / Customer Acquisition --- p.39 / Break Even in the First Year --- p.40 / Mission --- p.40 / Growth --- p.40 / Marketing Plan --- p.41 / Product --- p.42 / Product Objectives --- p.42 / Product Strategy --- p.43 / Promotion --- p.44 / Promotion Objectives --- p.44 / Promotion Strategy --- p.45 / Pricing --- p.45 / Pricing Objectives --- p.45 / Pricing Strategy --- p.46 / Growth --- p.47 / Growth Objectives --- p.47 / Growth Strategy --- p.48 / Human Resources --- p.48 / Human Resources Objectives --- p.48 / Human Resources Strategy --- p.49 / Chapter vi. --- management team --- p.50 / Leadership and Organisation --- p.50 / "Founders of the TQM Quality Management Co., Ltd" --- p.50 / Other Staff and Associates --- p.51 / Chapter vii. --- financial aspects --- p.52 / appendices / Chapter 1. --- SHANGHAI - PUDONG NEW DEVELOPMENT AREA --- p.A-l / Chapter 2. --- SHANGHAI - INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT --- p.A-2 / INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN --- p.A-3 / INFRASTRUCTURE TABLE --- p.A-4 / Chapter 3. --- HONG KONG CONSORTIA ENTHUSIASTIC OVER SHANGHAI PROPERTY --- p.A-6 / Chapter 4. --- LOCAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT CONTRACT IN THE PRC --- p.A-9 / Chapter 5. --- CHINESE CITIES KEY REAL ESTATE FACTS AND FIGURES --- p.A-29 / bibliography. --- p.B-1