Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-16T13:57:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sônia Moreira Coutinho dos Santos.pdf: 884833 bytes, checksum: df4a7139b386eb7d0432a492ca9d09b1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-06-04T17:00:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Sônia Moreira Coutinho dos Santos.pdf: 884833 bytes, checksum: df4a7139b386eb7d0432a492ca9d09b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-04T17:00:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sônia Moreira Coutinho dos Santos.pdf: 884833 bytes, checksum: df4a7139b386eb7d0432a492ca9d09b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Apresenta-se nesta dissertação uma descrição da variação no uso das formas do subjuntivo e indicativo em comunidades rurais de descendentes afro-brasileiros. Para isso, tomou-se como base para análise amostras de fala do Corpus base do português afro-brasileiro, do Projeto Vertentes da UFBA. Essa análise partiu do princípio de que a variação presente no português popular do Brasil (PPB), é resultante do intensivo contato entre línguas, sobretudo com as africanas, quando do seu processo de formação. As conseqüências desse processo se manifestam de maneira diferenciada, atingindo mais diretamente os dialetos rurais, principalmente de comunidades de afro-descendentes que se mantiveram isoladas. Esta pesquisa tem como base teórica a Teoria da Variação Lingüística Laboviana, a qual considera a variação um fenômeno inerente à língua. Com base nessa teoria, a variação no uso do modo subjuntivo será analisada considerando-se quais os fatores sociais e lingüísticos que influenciam neste processo. Utilizou-se também dos pressupostos teóricos desenvolvidos no âmbito da crioulística para uma melhor explicitação do fenômeno analisado. Comprovou-se que a variação verificada por esta pesquisa, no uso das formas do subjuntivo, no referido dialeto tem motivações mais lingüísticas do que sociais, e configura-se como um processo de variação estável. / Salvador

Considérés comme variétés marginales, les parlers basques orientaux —notamment la branche roncalo-souletine— dénotent une forte tendance archaïsante qui rend nécessaire la recherche diachronique sur ces dialectes. Le souletin est, sans aucun doute, le principal dialecte parmi les parlers orientaux disposant de témoignages écrits dans le passé. Grâce au caractère relativement précoce des témoignages et à leur continuité temporelle, le caractère prioritaire du souletin dans l’étude diachronique du basque oriental est incontestable. Cette thèse aborde donc l’histoire du dialecte souletin à travers ses textes. En d’autres termes, notre approche concerne l’histoire interne de la langue, et ne vise pas à établir son évolution en fonction des locuteurs ou des événements politiques et socio-économiques qui l’auraient influencée (histoire externe). En quête d’hypothèses solides, notre travail de description diachronique se base sur un corpus composé de plus de quarante textes qui embrasse la plupart des ouvrages imprimés entre 1657 et 1873, en plus d’une sélection représentative des témoignages de la tradition populaire. Notre recherche s’est déroulée en deux phases : 1) la constitution du corpus, qui a exigé un travail philologique profond ; et 2) le travail d’analyse d’un ensemble étendu d’éléments linguistiques concernant tous les niveaux de la langue, à l’exception du lexique. Quant à l’explication des données, nous avons eu recours aux outils habituels de la linguistique historique, et plus précisément ceux qui peuvent nous aider à dévoiler le passé d’une langue sans parent connu : a) la comparaison interne ; b) la théorie de la grammaticalisation ; et c) la typologie linguistique. A ces trois instruments d’analyse nous en avons ajouté deux autres : la connaissance des phénomènes de contact linguistique, d’une part, et la sociolinguistique historique d’autre part. L’examen des plus de cinquante traits linguistiques sélectionnés nous permet d’offrir une vision générale de l’évolution du basque souletin. Nous avons conclu que ce dialecte est dans l’essentiel une variété conservatrice qui a maintenu nombre d’archaïsmes datant du Basque Unifié Ancien (circa VIIe siècle ; cf. Mitxelena 1981), ainsi que des innovations et des choix de date ancienne partagés avec d’autres parlers orientaux. Par ailleurs, nous avons démontré que les innovations développées par le basque souletin au cours des derniers siècles s’expliquent en raison du contact intensif avec le gascon, voir, béarnais. / Regarded as marginal varieties, Eastern Basque dialects —in particular the Roncalo Souletin branch— show a strong tendency to archaism, which makes diachronic research on these dialects most necessary. Souletin is undoubtedly the main dialect among the Eastern varieties of Basque with old written documents; due to their relatively early nature and temporal continuity, the centrality of Souletin in the diachronic study of the Eastern Basque is uncontroversial. This dissertation focuses on the evolution of Souletin on the basis of the diachronic analysis of a wide array of linguistic features, mostly —but not only— morphosyntactic ones. In other words, it targets the internal history of the language, and so does not aim to establish its evolution according to its speakers or the political and socio-economic events which could have influenced it (external history). In the search for solid basis/foundations, this dissertation is based on a corpus composed of more than forty texts (1616-1899), which covers the majority of the printed production, in addition to a representative sample of documents from popular tradition. We have carried out this research in two phases: 1) the definition and constitution of the corpus, which has implied exhaustive philological work; and 2) the analysis of more than fifty linguistic features. Regarding the explanation of the data, we have used the main tools of historical linguistics, and more specifically those which help us understand the past of an isolated language: a) internal comparison; b) grammaticalisation; and c) typology. Moreover, we have taken into consideration language contact phenomena and the approach of historical sociolinguistics. After having analysed the historical development of every linguistic feature under consideration, we are able to offer a complete picture of the evolution of Souletin Basque, as well as the direction of the changes that it underwent. We have shown that Souletin Basque is essentially conservative: in fact, it has maintained a number of archaisms dating from the Old Common Basque (c. 7th century; cf. Mitxelena 1981), as well as ancient innovations shared with other eastern varieties. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the main Souletine innovations of the last centuries are due to intensive contact with Gascon Occitan.