Included in this file is a CD drive titled "Chapter Three: Supporting Information" with a 00:40 second long animation. For best quality, view in VLC, not Quicktime Player. / <p>Groundwater contamination by dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs ), such as chlorinated solvents, continues to be a significant environmental problem. When released to the subsurface, either due to improper disposal or accidental release, DNAPLs can form complex source zones whose geometry is largely controlled by the geological heterogeneity of the subsurface. These source zones are composed of disconnected, immobile blobs or ganglia trapped by capillary forces (referred to as DNAPL residual) between high-saturation regions located at permeability interfaces (referred to as DNAPL pools). The slow dissolution of DNAPL pools can result in the contamination of groundwater for time periods on the order of decades to centuries.</p> <p>The common conceptual model used in the investigation of DNAPL-contaminated sites is based primarily on the mass transfer from DNAPL to the surrounding aqueous phase in the saturated zone. However, the presence of a discontinuous gas phase above a DNAPL pool can significantly affect the mass transfer from the pool through repeated, spontaneous expansion and mobilization of the gas phase. This mechanism has not been included in the common conceptual models.</p> <p>The goal of this research was to develop a quantitative understanding of discontinuous gas phase expansion and mobilization above a DNAPL pool. This goal was addressed using a combination of small-scale and intermediate-scale laboratory experiments. Small-scale, no-flow vial experiments were used to measure the expansion of single gas bubbles above DNAPL pools, and provide the basis for the development of an analytical model to assess the effect of expansion by multi-component partitioning on the mass transfer from DNAPL pools. Small-scale flow cell experiments were used to measure spontaneous expansion rates in porous media, and provide visual data concerning the distribution of the gas phase. Small-scale air injection experiments were used to characterize the gas flow. Finally, an intermediate-scale flow cell experiment was used to provide larger-scale data concerning the transient distribution of the gas phase, and measure the effect of spontaneous expansion and mobilization on the aqueous-phase DNAPL constituent concentrations.</p> <p>The combined results of these experiments established a detailed conceptual model for the spontaneous expansion and mobilization of a discontinuous gas phase above a DNAPL pool. In this conceptual model, spontaneous expansion of a discontinuous gas phase above a DNAPL pool occurs due to multi-component partitioning, and depends on the concentrations of both the volatile DNAPL and the other dissolved gases. This expansion is more likely to occur, and will be faster, in shallower systems (i.e. lower hydrostatic pressures) containing coarser media (i.e. lower capillary pressures), more volatile DNAPL, and higher concentrations of other dissolved gases (i.e. higher partial pressures). Mobilization of the expanding gas will occur as discontinuous gas flow in most sands, where the repeated trapping and coalescence of gas clusters can allow rapid, large-scale vertical transport of the gas phase. This discontinuous gas flow can produce macroscopic gas fingers composed of multiple, discrete gas clusters. These macroscopic fingers can reach substantial heights above the pool surface, but the growth occurs predominantly at the pool's leading edge due to the stripping of other dissolved gases. This expansion and mobilization can significantly affect the mass transfer from the DNAPL pool if the gas phase is in direct contact with the pool surface; or if the gas phase is close to the pool surface, covers a large fraction of the pool, and the groundwater flow is sufficiently slow. The partitioning of DNAPL constituent from the mobilized gas phase to the aqueous phase well above the pool surface can also change the spatial distribution of aqueous-phase DNAPL constituent concentrations, increasing them above those that are expected based on theoretical calculations for strictly DNAPL-water systems, even at elevations where the concentrations are expected to be zero. The increased concentrations well above the pool surface can appear as short-duration events in the presence of a sustained gas phase, due to the partitioning of DNAPL constituents from the gas to the aqueous phase during multi-component mass transfer. The results of this research provide the necessary basis to begin incorporating this fundamental mechanism into the conceptual and mathematical models used for DNAPL-related research, the investigation ofDNAPL-contaminated sites, and the design and application of DNAPL remediation technologies.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) blowout, in the Gulf of Mexico, heavily contaminated miles of sandy beaches. Previous experience of petroleum contamination has shown that oil residues can persist in the sediments for decades. Biodegradation is the major mechanism of remediation regarding petroleum hydrocarbons. There is an urgent need to evaluate the competent indigenous microbial biomass in contaminated sediments if the risks posed by toxic oil residues, for the coastal ecosystem, are to be minimized. We report a field investigation during December 2010 and January 2011 regarding measurement of microbial activity in a sandy beach at the Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge in Alabama. One transect of wells for sampling was installed in the beach; starting with multiport one, being most landward and thought to be least exposed to oil residue and ending with multiport four being the most seaward and exposed to the open waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Sediment samples were collected from different depths purposely chosen from above, inside, and below the oil layers for microbial analysis. Dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements were obtained and temperature was recorded while collecting the oxygen measurements. Pore water samples were collected for nutrient content and were monitored using the multiport sampling wells. Moisture content was analyzed from the sediments extracted at various depths at each well. pH and salinity were also analyzed for their contributing affect on the microbial community. Grain size distribution analyses were conducted on samples collected at all wells and at multiple depths to characterize the field study location. Results show that the bacterial biomass, as measured by Adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP) and numbers of alkane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degraders determined by Most Probable Number (MPN), are consistently higher in the sediment layers where oil had been detected. A very good correlation was observed among the relative abundance of bacteria in the different samples using MPN and ATP measurements. As expected, ATP based estimates of the microbial populations were two orders of magnitude higher than the alkane and PAH numbers determined by MPN, which reflect the non-cultivability of most environmental bacteria. The lower concentrations of PAH degraders than alkane degraders that were observed in this study are consistent with other studies, even though both populations are lower than in studies involving fresh oil trapped in beach or wetland sediments. PAHs (aromatics) are notoriously more resistant to biodegradation than alkanes, therefore allowing a lower number of biomass to grow using them. The overall smaller size of the bacterial numbers could be explained by the naturally occurring low-organic content of beach sand. On the other hand, this may be due to the highly weathered nature of the oil or it could reflect some other limitation. / Civil Engineering

The role of aquifer microorganisms in controlling arsenic contamination of Bangladesh aquifers via oxidation of organic carbon coupled with reduction of sedimentary iron oxyhydroxides and concomitant arsenic dissolution is generally accepted. What remains to be ascertained is the in situ biogeochemical mechanisms of cycling different carbon sources and directly relating indigenous microbiota to arsenic release. Using biomarker fingerprint approaches, this dissertation expanded the presently growing research in the biogeochemical carbon cycling controlling arsenic contamination in Bangladesh aquifers. Comprehensive profiles of microbial cell membrane components (PLFA and sterols) at three different aquifers tested the regional distribution of aquifer microbial community abundance, structure, and organic input potential across Araihazar. The highly variable bulk viable microbial biomass observed across these three sites confer both regional-scale and localized heterogeneous distributions of in-aquifer microbial communities which control carbon cycling in the aquifer. The lack of correlation between PLFA biomarkers and dissolved arsenic challenges the assumption that greater extent of microbial community metabolism results in an increase in arsenic in groundwater. Natural abundance radiocarbon isotope Δ14C analysis of cell membrane PLFA and available carbon pools (SOC, DOC, DIC) confirmed that young organic carbon substrates are being cycled at two of the three sites investigated here. This corroborates previous reports at nearby sites (Site B and F) thereby contributing to a well-constrained carbon source which actively support microbial metabolism over a regional scale. Sterol biomarker distributions were characterized to determine potential sources of organic input into the aquifer. In particular, the importance of raw human and/or animal sewage waste as a source of labile carbon was assessed by measuring the faecal biomarker Coprostanol and comparing its abundance to other sources of biogenic sterols using sewage input proxies (Sewage Contamination Index, Coprostanol/Cholesterol ratio). This was motivated by previous findings which correlated sewage contamination with dissolved arsenic at depth at nearby sites. While sewage contamination was low in the shallow aquifers at these sites, it is more likely that plant organic matter supported the elevated microbial abundance at shallow depths. On the other hand, evidence presented in this project suggests that sewage contamination intrudes into deeper aquifers (e.g. buried Pleistocene) and contributes to the vulnerability of previous pristine aquifers to future arsenic contamination. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Thèse ou mémoire avec insertion d'articles. / Le virus de l'hépatite E (HEV) provoque des cas sporadiques d'hépatite aiguë dans les pays industrialisés par le biais d'une transmission zoonotique via l'alimentation. Les porcs et plusieurs espèces animales de la faune sauvages ont été identifiés comme hôtes du HEV. La principale source de transmission du HEV à l'humain est la consommation de viande de porc crue ou insuffisamment cuite. Une autre voie potentielle d'exposition pourrait être la consommation de baies, cultivées en plein champs, dans des zones à proximité d'animaux sauvages infectés par le HEV. En effet, les fèces animales infectés contamineraient l'environnement et les fruits par contact direct. Toutefois, les données quantitatives sur la présence du HEV dans les aliments produits au Canada sont limitées. Le but du projet a donc été d'évaluer le niveau de contamination par le HEV dans des bleuets et des produits à base de foie de porc vendus dans deux provinces du Canada. Pour ce faire, 150 échantillons de bleuets ont été récoltés au Québec et au Nouveau-Brunswick. Pour les produits carnés, 83 échantillons de pâtés de foie de porc et 79 échantillons de foies de porc crus ont été collectés uniquement au Québec. La présence ou l'absence de HEV a été déterminée par détection moléculaire. Parmi les 150 échantillons de bleuets testés, aucun n'a été détecté positif au HEV. En revanche, concernant les pâtés de foie de porc et foies de porc crus, de l'ARN de HEV a été trouvé dans respectivement 29 % (24/83) et 4 % (3/79) des échantillons testés. Ces résultats suggèrent que (1) le risque de contamination des bleuets canadiens par le HEV semble être faible et ainsi, que le risque de transmission du HEV aux humains par l'ingestion de bleuets contaminés est probablement minime, (2) l'ARN du HEV peut être retrouvé dans des produits à base de foie de porc vendus dans les épiceries québécoises et potentiellement conduire à une infection par le HEV chez les consommateurs., voire à des formes graves chez les sujets à risque. Les résultats mis en avant dans ce projet incite à mener des études de prévalence plus larges et à surveiller le HEV dans certains produits alimentaires. / The hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes sporadic acute hepatic cases in industrialized countries through a zoonotic transmission and foodborne origin. Pigs and wild animals have been characterized as HEV-hosts. The main source of transmission of HEV to humans is the consumption of raw or undercooked pork products. Another possible route of transmission could be the presence of wild animals carrying the virus in berry fields. They would contaminate the environment and fruit by direct contact with their infected feces. However, quantitative data on the presence of HEV in Canadian food is limited. The aim of this project was to assess the level of HEV contamination in blueberries and pork liver products sold in two provinces of Canada. To do so, 150 blueberry samples were collected in Quebec and New Brunswick. For meat products, 83 samples of pork liver pâtés and 79 samples of raw pork livers were collected in Quebec only. The presence or absence of HEV was determined by molecular detection. Out of the 150 tested blueberry samples, none showed HEV detection. In contrast, 29 % (24/83) pork liver pâtés and 4 % (3/79) raw pork livers were found positive for HEV RNA. These results suggest that (1) the risk of HEV contamination of Canadian blueberries appears to be low and thus the risk of transmission of HEV to humans through ingestion of contaminated blueberries is likely to be minimal, (2) HEV RNA can be found in pork liver products sold in Quebec grocery stores and potentially lead to HEV infection in consumers and even severe forms in at-risk individuals. The results highlighted in this project encourage larger prevalence studies and monitoring of HEV in certain food products.

Depuis la préhistoire, plusieurs matériaux ont été utilisés pour fabriquer des instruments et des appareils de santé. Au cours des dernières décennies, avec l’apparition du terme « biomatériau », les matériaux ont été conçus pour contrôler des réactions biologiques spécifiques, pour augmenter la durée de vie des biodispositifs et la qualité de vie des patients dans le monde. Cependant, indépendamment de la nature du matériau, ou au sens strict du biomatériau, et de la fonction remplie, ils sont susceptibles aux phénomènes de surface causés par son environnement. Certains phénomènes intéressants incluent l’action des protéines, des électrolytes et des cellules sur les surfaces métalliques. Ces interactions peuvent entraîner le développement de complications telles que la formation de thrombus, la corrosion et la calcification, qui affecteront le fonctionnement des dispositifs, et la contamination bactérienne qui peut transformer la surface en vecteur de propagation de maladies. Des recherches ont exploité des stratégies de modification de surface pour minimiser ou éviter ces complications. Ces approches demandent du temps et des efforts pour développer une surface efficace pour chaque cas. Sur cette base, l’objectif principal de ce travail était de concevoir et de développer des revêtements à base de chitosane à utiliser dans le revêtement de surfaces métalliques et de dispositifs utilisés dans le système de santé et de modifier ces surfaces pour moduler la réponse biologique. Pour atteindre cet objectif, le projet de recherche a été divisé en trois parties. La première était le greffage du chitosane utilisant de la dopamine comme ancre. La deuxième était le développement d’un greffage original en une étape remplaçant la dopamine par l’acide caféique. La dernière était la modification du revêtement de chitosane pour moduler la réponse biologique de la surface. À chaque étape, les surfaces revêtues ont été caractérisées par analyses biologiques et physico-chimiques. Les résultats ont démontré que la méthodologie développée produisait des revêtements de chitosane qui possédait des réponses biologiques et des performances physico-chimiques favorables et qui pouvait être modifiés pour améliorer ou conférer la propriété souhaitée. De plus, cette méthodologie permet de produire une plateforme capable d’être appliquée sur une large gamme de complications en raison de sa modulabilité. Cela représente une diminution de la consommation de temps pour créer une nouvelle surface à partir du zéro pour chaque situation. / Since prehistoric times, several materials have been used to make health instruments and devices. In recent decades, with the appearance of the term "biomaterial", materials have been designed to control specific biological reactions, to increase the lifespan of biodevices and the quality of life of patients around the world. However, regardless of the nature of the material, or in the strict sense of the biomaterial, and the function fulfilled, they are susceptible to the surface phenomena caused by its environment. These phenomena include the action of proteins, electrolytes, and cells on metal surfaces. These interactions can lead to the development of complications such as thrombus formation,corrosion, and calcification, which will affect the functioning of the devices, and bacterial contamination, which can transform the surface into a vector for the spread of disease. Researches were made on the use of surface modification strategies to minimize or avoid these complications. These approaches require time and effort to develop an effective surface for each case. On this basis, the main objective of this work was to design and develop chitosan-based coatings to coat metallic surfaces and devices used in the health care system and to modify these surfaces to modulate the biological response. To accomplish this objective, the research project was divided into three parts. The first was the grafting of chitosan using dopamine as an anchor. The second was the development of an original one step graft replacing dopamine with caffeic acid. The last was the modification of the chitosan coating to modulate the biological response of the surface. At each stage, the coated surfaces were characterized by biological and physicochemical analyzes. The results obtained showed that the developed methodology produced chitosan coatings that had favorable biological responses and physicochemical performances, and that it could be modified to improve or confer the desired property. Besides, this methodology makes it possible to produce a platform able to be applied to many complications due to its modularity. It represents a reduction in the consumption of time to create a new surface from scratch for each situation.

The effects of contaminated supply air on the performance of a laminar proportional amplifier were experimentally investigated. The air supply was contaminated with oil vapor and particulate matter. Characteristic gain curves were obtained after each stage of contamination for various loading conditions. Photographs showing the location of contaminant deposits were taken. Two inlet geometries were studied: right-angle and straightthrough. The effects of maintaining a constant pressure and constant flow rate at the inlet throughout the duration of the tests were studied. Also, aspect ratio effects. were studied. Rapid deterioration of performance was evident with the right-angle entry due to inlet blockage. By milling a cavity in the bottom cover plate, the detrimental effects of inlet blockage were delayed. With constant pressure inlet conditions and straight-through geometry, significant buildup occurred in the nozzle region and downstream. Decrease in pressure recovery was linear with time. It was determined that null shift was caused by asymmetric buildup in either the nozzle region or splitter region. With constant flow inlet conditions, the damaging effects on performance were delayed for both inlet geometries. Also, for the straight-through inlet, the nozzle region was relatively clean when compared with the constant pressure inlet case. Null shift was found to be the result of asymmetric buildup in the downstream region. At lower aspect ratios, the damaging effects of contamination were more severe and occurred in less time. / Master of Science

Thèse ou mémoire avec insertion d'articles. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 23 octobre 2023) / Le norovirus humain (HuNoV) et le virus de l'hépatite A (VHA) ont été détectés plusieurs fois dans les petits fruits, tandis que le HuNoV, le VHA et le virus de l'hépatite E (VHE) ont été associés à des épisodes de contamination des huîtres et des moules dans les dernières années. Ces virus sont principalement transmis par la voie féco-orale, mais le VHE peut également être transmis par voie zoonotique. Le HuNoV et le VHA peuvent contaminer les aliments via l'eau, notamment lors de l'irrigation avec de l'eau contaminée ou en cas de déversement dans les zones de production. De plus, le VHE peut être transmis aux aliments par les fèces d'animaux contaminés. Cependant, les connaissances sur la contamination des aliments cultivés au Québec par ces virus sont limitées. Le but de ce projet était d'évaluer la contamination des canneberges par le HuNoV et le VHA ainsi que celle des huîtres par le HuNoV, le VHA et le VHE, entre deux zones de production. Pour ce faire, 234 échantillons de canneberges ont été récoltés chez 44 producteurs québécois et 260 huîtres ont été prélevées près de la côte, et 260 huîtres au large de la côte des Îles-de-la-Madeleine, chaque échantillon étant représenté par 10 huîtres. L'ARN viral a été détecté et quantifié par détection moléculaire, en respectant la méthodologie de la méthode ISO 15216-1 : 2017. Parmi les 234 échantillons de canneberges testés, seulement trois étaient positifs au HuNoV GI (1,28 %). Aucun des 52 échantillons d'huîtres n'a été considéré comme positif pour le HuNoV, le VHA ou le VHE. Ces résultats suggèrent que le risque de contamination par des canneberges et des huîtres cultivées au Québec est faible et que la contamination des huîtres près de la côte n'est pas significativement différente de celle des huîtres au large de la côte. / Human norovirus (HuNoV), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) have been the cause of many global epidemics, such as those caused by HuNoV and HAV in berries or even HuNoV, HAV and HEV in shellfish in recent years. These viruses are primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, although HEV can also be transmitted through zoonotic routes. HuNoV and HAV can contaminate food through water, especially during irrigation with contaminated water when spilled in production areas. In addition, HEV can be transmitted to food through contaminated water but also when in contact with contaminated animal feces. However, limited information is available on the contamination of food grown in Quebec by these foodborne viruses. The objective of this project was to evaluate the levels of HuNoV and HAV contamination in cranberries, as well as levels of HuNoV, HAV and HEV contamination in oysters, between two production areas. For this purpose, 234 cranberry samples were collected from 44 Quebec producers. As for molluscs, 260 oysters were obtained near the coast and 260 oysters were collected offshore of Magdalen Islands, each sample consisting of 10 oysters. The presence of viral RNA was detected and quantified using molecular detection methods in accordance with ISO 15216-1:2017. Among the 234 cranberry samples tested, only three were positive for HuNoV GI (1.28%). None of the 52 oyster samples were found to be positive for HuNoV, HAV or HEV. These findings suggest that the risk of contamination of cranberries and oysters cultivated in Quebec is low, and that there is no significant difference in contamination between oysters near the coast and those offshore in this project.

There is emerging concern about the potential for elevated lead in water after water utilities conduct EPA mandated (or voluntary) partial replacements of existing lead service lines. Connections between dissimilar metals results in the accelerated corrosion of the less noble metal via galvanic attack, increasing metal concentrations in water and posing potential public health risks. Many practical problems associated with stopping galvanic attack between copper:galvanized iron and copper:lead via use of dielectrics have also been raised. Galvanic corrosion can be effectively stopped by isolating the dissimilar metals; however, completely eliminating electrical continuity may not always be practical or allowed by code. Instead, increasing separation distance between the two metals was hypothesized to considerably reduce galvanic corrosion. Galvanic corrosion and lead leaching were evaluated for lead:copper connections with varying separation distances while maintaining electrical continuity. Increased distance between lead and copper pipe dramatically reduced the galvanic current and the magnitude of lead release. Galvanized iron and copper connections were also investigated using various commercial fittings, and results verified that a controlling factor was separation distance between the two dissimilar metals. When considering the long-term behavior of partially replaced lead service lines, detrimental effects from galvanic corrosion worsened with time. Even when water was sampled consistently at moderate flow rate, the condition representing traditional partial service line replacement was 40% worse than a full lead service line. At elevated flowrates, lead concentrations and variability increased for partly replaced lead pipe versus full lead pipe due to reservoirs of lead rust formed via galvanic corrosion. At low flowrates, these negative impacts were not observed. Finally, crevices formed by the use of commercial couplings increased lead release. Overall, the results enhance practical understanding of galvanic corrosion impacts and use of dielectrics in water service lines and premise plumbing. / Master of Science

In many drinking water systems in the United States, disinfectant is added to water as it leaves the plant to maintain a residual concentration in the distribution system. The disinfectant residual is maintained to inactivate contamination that enters the distribution system, to control biofilms, and to act as a sentinel for contamination in the distribution system. A model was developed to evaluate the potential effectiveness of the disinfectant residual at inactivating contamination. The model was used to examine contamination of a hypothetical distribution system through backpressure at a cross-connection under different operating conditions. The dilution and pathway of the hypothetical contaminant were examined as the contaminant moved through the system. Disinfection and inactivation kinetic relationships were used to model the inactivation of the contaminant in the system by the amount of disinfectant present. The model showed that both chlorine and chloramines in each decay and inactivation condition considered provided some benefit over no disinfectant at all when examining susceptible organisms. Chlorine, under medium and low decay conditions, provided the best inactivation. Where 29.8% of total node time steps received a contamination of concern in the absence of disinfectant residual, as low as 4.8% of total node time steps received a contamination of concern in the presence of disinfectant residual. Chloramines was found to persist longer in the distribution system, but resulted in much lower inactivation compared to chlorine. Disinfectant doses typical of common distribution system operation were able to reduce the impact of contamination once it entered the distribution system but, except for four cases, were unable to prevent contamination from spreading within the distribution system. Therefore, it was concluded that presence of a disinfectant residual will reduce the total number of exposure opportunities from a contamination event, but cannot be relied upon to eliminate the chance of exposure resulting from contamination. / Master of Science

Creosote, containing many high molecular weight hydrophobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's), is present in the subsurface environment at the Oneida Tie-Yard in Oneida, Tennessee. Phytoremediation using hybrid poplar trees was chosen as the remedial technology on-site. Since monitoring began, the contaminant plume has been shrinking consistently and evidence has shown that remediation is taking place. However, remediation may be rate-limited by the desorption and dissolution kinetics of the PAH's on-site. The objectives of this research are to: (1) estimate the desorption and dissolution rates of 10 PAH's found in the subsurface and (2) estimate the amount of each PAH and total mass of contaminant that is irreversibly sorbed to the soil. Three laboratory desorption and dissolution experiments were performed using contaminated soil samples from the Oneida Tie-Yard site. The first experiment was a batch desorption equilibrium experiment, the second was a batch desorption kinetics experiment, and the third was a soil column dissolution kinetics experiment. The target compounds in this study were: naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, and benzo(b)fluoranthene. The resulting data for the desorption equilibrium experiment revealed that rates of equilibrium were truly not instantaneous in the systems studied. However, because approximately 76% of PAH's desorbed by the first sampling event (3 days), an equilibrium isotherm was considered appropriate. Results showed that there is a sorbed reversible concentration that readily desorbs to the aqueous phase for each PAH. Additionally, it was determined that the percent removal of sorbed PAH's decreases with increasing molecular weight. Desorption curves based on experimental data were found to exhibit linear behavior over large variations in aqueous concentration, but showed exponential behavior as concentrations approached zero. Freundlich sorption equilibrium isotherms for the 10 monitored PAH's on-site were generally found to have N coefficient values over 1, especially over large variations in solution phase concentration, indicating a non-uniform sorbent. Dissolution of resistant PAH's under field-like conditions was determined to occur over long periods of time. Dissolution rates calculated from experimental data were shown to generally decrease with increasing molecular weight. Overall, desorption and dissolution kinetics of PAH's were shown to be rate-limiting factors to remediation at the Oneida Tie-Yard. / Master of Science